nach oben

Erschienen in:

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. Impacts of Air Pollution on Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Systems

verfasst von : Ram Raj Prasad, Sandeep Paudel

Erschienen in: Air Pollution and Environmental Health

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Our health is closely related to our environment, such that a healthy environment brings healthy living and vice versa. Pollution due to air is a prime environmental aspect contributing to the burden of different diseases in human and also has considerable economic impact. The total air pollution accounts approximately 7 million deaths globally. Pollutants produced as combustion of particulate matter have demonstrated a time-series effect on human health. The size of inhalable particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) affects the mortality and morbidity upon short- and long-term exposure among all population, with highest effect on elderly individuals. Exposure to these pollutants produces the pathological alteration, such as increased inflammatory response, systemic oxidative stress, cardiovascular stress, and change in pulmonary autonomous nervous system activity. These molecular pathological events trigger several pulmonary and cardiovascular manifestations in human. From epidemiology point of view, it has been explored that among different air pollutants, particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide are the major ones. The highest mortality is mainly observed in Asian populations as compared to Europeans and Americans. The top ten countries with the highest mortality are China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, the United States, Russia, Brazil, and Philippines, respectively. In this chapter, we reviewed different PM exposure-based epidemiological studies with more focus on high ambient Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) levels. It has also been found that overall absolute risk for mortality due to PM exposure is higher for cardiovascular compared to pulmonary disorders in case of both acute and chronic exposures.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Air Pollution Exposure Studies Related to Human Health

Nächstes Kapitel Health Risk Assessment and Management of Air Pollutants

Admassu M, Wuhshet M, Tilaye T (2004) Sanitary survey in Gondar town. Ethiop J Heal Dev 18:39–42. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhd.v18i1.9864CrossRef

Admassu M, Wubshet M, Gelaw B (2005) A survey of bacteriological quality of drinking water in North Gondar. Ethiop J Heal Dev 18:112–115. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhd.v18i2.9946CrossRef

Agarwal R, Jayaraman G, Anand S, Marimuthu P (2006) Assessing respiratory morbidity through pollution status and meteorological conditions for Delhi. Environ Monit Assess 114:489–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-4935-3CrossRefPubMed

Agay-Shay K, Friger M, Linn S et al (2013) Air pollution and congenital heart defects. Environ Res 124:28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2013.03.005CrossRefPubMed

Aggarwal P, Jain S (2015) Impact of air pollutants from surface transport sources on human health: a modeling and epidemiological approach. Environ Int 83:146–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.010CrossRefPubMed

Arashiro M, Lin Y-H, Zhang Z et al (2018) Effect of secondary organic aerosol from isoprene-derived hydroxyhydroperoxides on the expression of oxidative stress response genes in human bronchial epithelial cells. Environ Sci Process Impacts 20:332–339. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EM00439GCrossRefPubMed

Argacha J-F (2017) Air pollution and myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 38:141–141. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw622CrossRefPubMed

Argacha JF, Collart P, Wauters A et al (2016) Air pollution and ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a case-crossover study of the Belgian STEMI registry 2009–2013. Int J Cardiol 223:300–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJCARD.2016.07.191CrossRefPubMed

Atkinson RW, Analitis A, Samoli E et al (2016) Short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and daily mortality in London, UK. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 26:125–132. https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2015.65CrossRefPubMed

Bagryantseva Y, Novotna B, Rossner P et al (2010) Oxidative damage to biological macromolecules in Prague bus drivers and garagemen: impact of air pollution and genetic polymorphisms. Toxicol Lett 199:60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOXLET.2010.08.007CrossRefPubMed

Bai K-J, Chuang K-J, Chen J-K et al (2018) Investigation into the pulmonary inflammopathology of exposure to nickel oxide nanoparticles in mice. Nanomedicine 14:2329–2339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2017.10.003CrossRefPubMed

Baldauf RW, Devlin RB, Gehr P et al (2016) Ultrafine particle metrics and research considerations: review of the 2015 UFP workshop. Int J Environ Res Public Health 13:1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111054CrossRefPubMedCentral

Barnes J, Bender J, Lyons T, Borland A (1999) Natural and man-made selection for air pollution resistance. J Exp Bot 50:1423–1435. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/50.338.1423CrossRef

Barnett AG, Williams GM, Schwartz J, Neller AH, Best TL, Petroeschevsky AL, Simpson RW (2005) Air pollution and child respiratory health. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171(11):1272–1278CrossRef

Begum BA, Biswas SK, Hopke PK (2008) Assessment of trends and present ambient concentrations of PM2.2 and PM10 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Air Qual Atmos Heal 1:125–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-008-0018-7CrossRef

Bell ML, Kim JY, Dominici F (2007) Potential confounding of particulate matter on the short-term association between Ozone and mortality in multisite time-series studies. Environ Health Perspect 115:1591–1595. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10108CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bhatia S, Bhatia S, Mears J et al (2017) Seasonal periodicity of ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Heart Fail Clin 13:681–689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hfc.2017.05.004CrossRefPubMed

Bind M-A, Baccarelli A, Zanobetti A et al (2012) Air pollution and markers of coagulation, inflammation, and endothelial function: associations and epigene-environment interactions in an elderly cohort. Epidemiology 23:332–340. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e31824523f0CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Boogaard H, van Erp AM (2019) Assessing health effects of air quality actions: what’s next? Lancet Public Heal 4:e4–e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30235-4CrossRef

Bose K, Lakshminarasimhan H, Sundar K, Kathiresan T (2016) Cytotoxic effect of ZnS nanoparticles on primary mouse retinal pigment epithelial cells. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 44:1764–1773. https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401.2015.1102739CrossRefPubMed

Brook RD (2008) Cardiovascular effects of air pollution. Clin Sci 115(6):175–187CrossRef

Brook RD, Brook JR, Urch B et al (2002) Inhalation of fine particulate air pollution and ozone causes acute arterial vasoconstriction in healthy adults. Circulation 105:1534–1536CrossRef

Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA et al (2010) Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 121:2331–2378. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1CrossRefPubMed

Carrico CM, Kus P, Rood MJ et al (2003) Mixtures of pollution, dust, sea salt, and volcanic aerosol during ACE-Asia: radiative properties as a function of relative humidity. J Geophys Res 108:8650. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003405CrossRef

Cesaroni G, Forastiere F, Stafoggia M et al (2014) Long term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of acute coronary events: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis in 11 European cohorts from the ESCAPE Project. BMJ 348:f7412. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f7412CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Chang C-C, Hwang J-S, Chan C-C, Cheng T-J (2007) Interaction effects of ultrafine carbon black with iron and nickel on heart rate variability in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Environ Health Perspect 115:1012–1017. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9821CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Chen T-M, Kuschner WG, Gokhale J, Shofer S (2007) Outdoor air pollution: nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide health effects. Am J Med Sci 333(4):249–256CrossRef

Chiarella SE, Soberanes S, Urich D et al (2014) β2-Adrenergic agonists augment air pollution–induced IL-6 release and thrombosis. J Clin Invest 124:2935–2946. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI75157CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Clark NA, Demers PA, Karr CJ et al (2010) Effect of early life exposure to air pollution on development of childhood asthma. Environ Health Perspect 118:284–290. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900916CrossRefPubMed

Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett R et al (2017) Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015. Lancet (London, England) 389:1907–1918. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6CrossRef

De Roos AJ, Koehoorn M, Tamburic L et al (2014) Proximity to traffic, ambient air pollution, and community noise in relation to incident rheumatoid arthritis. Environ Health Perspect 122:1075–1080. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307413CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dignon J, Hameed S (1989) Global emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides from 1860 to 1980. JAPCA 39(2):180–186CrossRef

Dockery DW, Pope CA, Xu X et al (1993) An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N Engl J Med 329:1753–1759. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199312093292401CrossRefPubMed

Dominici F, Peng RD, Bell ML et al (2006) Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. JAMA 295:1127. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.10.1127CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Donaldson K, Stone V (2003) Current hypotheses on the mechanisms of toxicity of ultrafine particles. Ann Ist Super Sanita 39:405–410PubMed

Donaldson K, Stone V, Seaton A, MacNee W (2001) Ambient particle inhalation and the cardiovascular system: potential mechanisms. Environ Health Perspect 109:523–527. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.01109s4523CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Endes S, Schaffner E, Caviezel S et al (2017) Is physical activity a modifier of the association between air pollution and arterial stiffness in older adults: the SAPALDIA cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 220:1030–1038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.06.001CrossRefPubMed

Fang Y, Mauzerall DL, Liu J et al (2013) Impacts of 21st century climate change on global air pollution-related premature mortality. Clim Chang 121:239–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0847-8CrossRef

Feigin VL, Roth GA, Naghavi M et al (2016) Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries, during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Neurol 15:913–924. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30073-4CrossRefPubMed

Fonceca AM, Zosky GR, Bozanich EM et al (2018) Accumulation mode particles and LPS exposure induce TLR-4 dependent and independent inflammatory responses in the lung. Respir Res 19:15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-017-0701-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fröhlich E (2017) Hemocompatibility of inhaled environmental nanoparticles: potential use of in vitro testing. J Hazard Mater 336:158–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.041CrossRefPubMed

GBD (2016). https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare

GHIO AJ, DEVLIN RB (2001) Inflammatory lung injury after bronchial instillation of air pollution particles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:704–708. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.164.4.2011089CrossRefPubMed

GHIO AJ, KIM C, DEVLIN RB (2000) Concentrated ambient air particles induce mild pulmonary inflammation in healthy human volunteers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162:981–988. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.9911115CrossRefPubMed

Gold DR, Litonjua A, Schwartz J et al (2000) Ambient pollution and heart rate variability. Circulation 101:1267–1273CrossRef

Gorman D, Drewry A, Huang YL, Sames C (2003) The clinical toxicology of carbon monoxide. Toxicology 187(1):25–38CrossRef

Goudarzi G, Mohammadi MJ, Angali KA, Neisi AK, Babaei AA, Mohammadi B, Soleimani Z, Geravandi S (2012) Estimation of health effects attributed to NO2 exposure using AirQ model. Arch Hyg Sci 1:59–66

Graber JM, Macdonald SC, Kass DE et al (2007) Carbon monoxide: the case for environmental public health surveillance. Public Health Rep 122:138–144. https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490712200202CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hazari MS, Haykal-Coates N, Winsett DW et al (2011) TRPA1 and sympathetic activation contribute to increased risk of triggered cardiac arrhythmias in hypertensive rats exposed to diesel exhaust. Environ Health Perspect 119:951–957. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1003200CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

He C, Song Y, Ichinose T et al (2018) Lipopolysaccharide levels adherent to PM2.5 play an important role in particulate matter induced-immunosuppressive effects in mouse splenocytes. J Appl Toxicol 38:471–479. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.3554CrossRefPubMed

Heinrich J, Hoelscher B, Frye C, Meyer I, Pitz M, Cyrys J, Wjst M, Neas L, Wichmann H-E (2002) Improved air quality in reunified Germany and decreases in respiratory symptoms. Epidemiology 13(4):394–401CrossRef

Hemminki K, Pershagen G (1994) Cancer risk of air pollution: epidemiological evidence. Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 4):187–192. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.94102s4187CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Henrotin J-B, Zeller M, Lorgis L et al (2010) Evidence of the role of short-term exposure to ozone on ischaemic cerebral and cardiac events: the Dijon Vascular Project (DIVA). Heart 96:1990–1996. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2010.200337CrossRefPubMed

Hong Y-C, Lee J-T, Kim H, Kwon H-J (2002) Air pollution: a new risk factor in ischemic stroke mortality. Stroke 33:2165–2169CrossRef

Hou J, Sun H, Guo Y et al (2018) Associations between urinary monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons metabolites and Framingham Risk Score in Chinese adults with low lung function. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 147:1002–1009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.058CrossRefPubMed

Ibeneme S, Egbosionu V, Ibeneme G et al (2016) Evidence of allergic reactions and cardiopulmonary impairments among traders operating from foodstuff warehouses. Biomed Res Int 2016:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1081258CrossRef

Jacobs L, Emmerechts J, Hoylaerts MF et al (2011) Traffic air pollution and oxidized LDL. PLoS One 6:e16200. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016200CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ji J, Hedelin A, Malmlöf M et al (2017) Development of combining of human bronchial Mucosa models with XposeALI® for exposure of air pollution nanoparticles. PLoS One 12:e0170428. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170428CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kan H, Chen R, Tong S (2012) Ambient air pollution, climate change, and population health in China. Environ Int 42:10–19CrossRef

Katsouyanni K, Touloumi G, Spix C, Schwartz J, Balducci F, Medina S, Rossi G, Wojtyniak B, Sunyer J, Bacharova L, Schouten JP, Ponka A, Anderson HR (1997) Short term effects of ambient sulphur dioxide and particulate matter on mortality in 12 European cities: results from time series data from the APHEA project. Air pollution and health: a European approach. BMJ 314(7095):1658–1663CrossRef

Kaufman JD, Adar SD, Barr RG et al (2016) Association between air pollution and coronary artery calcification within six metropolitan areas in the USA (the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis and air pollution): a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet 388:696–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00378-0CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kelly FJ, Fussell JC (2015) Air pollution and public health: emerging hazards and improved understanding of risk. Environ Geochem Health 37:631–649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9720-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kelly FJ, Fussell JC (2017) Role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease outcomes following exposure to ambient air pollution. Free Radic Biol Med 110:345–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.06.019CrossRefPubMed

Kettunen J, Lanki T, Tiittanen P et al (2007) Associations of fine and ultrafine particulate air pollution with stroke mortality in an area of low air pollution levels. Stroke 38:918–922. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000257999.49706.3bCrossRefPubMed

Kim HH, Lee CS, Do YS et al (2016) Near-road exposure and impact of air pollution on allergic diseases in elementary school children: a cross-sectional study. Yonsei Med J 57:698. https://doi.org/10.3349/YMJ.2016.57.3.698CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kim H-J, Park SJ, Park CS et al (2018) Surface-modified polymer nanofiber membrane for high-efficiency microdust capturing. Chem Eng J 339:204–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.01.121CrossRef

Kinney P (1999) The pulmonary effects of outdoor ozone and particle air pollution. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 20(06):601–607CrossRef

Klimont Z, Smith SJ, Cofala J (2013) The last decade of global anthropogenic sulfur dioxide: 2000–2011 emissions. Environ Res Lett 8(1):014003CrossRef

Koken PJM, Piver WT, Ye F, Elixhauser A, Olsen LM, Portier CJ (2003) Temperature, air pollution, and hospitalization for cardiovascular diseases among elderly people in Denver. Environ Health Perspect 111(10):1312–1317CrossRef

Kumar P, Patton AP, Durant JL, Frey HC (2018) A review of factors impacting exposure to PM2.5, ultrafine particles and black carbon in Asian transport microenvironments. Atmos Environ 187:301–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2018.05.046CrossRef

Künzli N, Medina S, Kaiser R et al (2001) Assessment of deaths attributable to air pollution: should we use risk estimates based on time series or on cohort studies? Am J Epidemiol 153:1050–1055CrossRef

Künzli N, Jerrett M, Mack WJ et al (2005) Ambient air pollution and atherosclerosis in Los Angeles. Environ Health Perspect 113:201–206. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7523CrossRefPubMed

Latza U, Gerdes S, Baur X (2009) Effects of nitrogen dioxide on human health: systematic review of experimental and epidemiological studies conducted between 2002 and 2006. Int J Hyg Environ Health 212:271–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.06.003CrossRefPubMed

Li F, Liu Y, Lü J et al (2015) Ambient air pollution in China poses a multifaceted health threat to outdoor physical activity. J Epidemiol Community Health 69:201–204. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2014-203892CrossRefPubMed

Li Z, Che W, Frey HC et al (2017) Characterization of PM2.5 exposure concentration in transport microenvironments using portable monitors. Environ Pollut 228:433–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2017.05.039CrossRefPubMed

Liu W, Xu Y, Liu W et al (2018) Oxidative potential of ambient PM 2.5 in the coastal cities of the Bohai Sea, northern China: Seasonal variation and source apportionment. Environ Pollut 236:514–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.116CrossRefPubMed

Louwies T, Int Panis L, Provost E et al (2018) DNA hypomethylation in association with internal and external markers of traffic exposure in a panel of healthy adults. Air Qual Atmos Heal 11:673–681. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-018-0574-4CrossRef

Luo M, Hou X, Gu Y et al (2018) Trans-boundary air pollution in a city under various atmospheric conditions. Sci Total Environ 618:132–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.001CrossRefPubMed

Luyts K, Van Den Broucke S, Hemmeryckx B et al (2018) Nanoparticles in the lungs of old mice: pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress without procoagulant effects. Sci Total Environ 644:907–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.301CrossRefPubMed

Machado MN, Schmidt AC, Saldiva PHN et al (2014) Pulmonary functional and morphological damage after exposure to tripoli dust. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 196:17–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2014.02.007CrossRefPubMed

Mahowald N, Albani S, Kok JF et al (2014) The size distribution of desert dust aerosols and its impact on the Earth system. Aeolian Res 15:53–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AEOLIA.2013.09.002CrossRef

Manigrasso M, Vitali M, Protano C, Avino P (2017) Temporal evolution of ultrafine particles and of alveolar deposited surface area from main indoor combustion and non-combustion sources in a model room. Sci Total Environ 598:1015–1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.048CrossRefPubMed

McCarthy MC, O’Brien TE, Charrier JG, Hafner HR (2009) Characterization of the chronic risk and hazard of hazardous air pollutants in the United States using ambient monitoring data. Environ Health Perspect 117:790–796. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11861CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Møller P, Danielsen PH, Karottki DG et al (2014) Oxidative stress and inflammation generated DNA damage by exposure to air pollution particles. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res 762:133–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.09.001CrossRefPubMed

Nemmar A, Hoet PHM, Vanquickenborne B et al (2002) Passage of inhaled particles into the blood circulation in humans. Circulation 105:411–414CrossRef

Newby DE, Mannucci PM, Tell GS, Baccarelli AA, Brook RD, Donaldson K, Forastiere F, Franchini M, Franco OH, Graham I, Hoek G, Hoffmann B, Hoylaerts MF, Künzli N, Mills N, Pekkanen J, Peters A, Piepoli MF, Rajagopalan S, Storey RF (2015) Expert position paper on air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 36(2):83–93CrossRef

Nuvolone D, Petri D, Voller F (2018) The effects of ozone on human health. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:8074–8088. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9239-3CrossRef

O’Neill MS, Veves A, Zanobetti A et al (2005) Diabetes enhances vulnerability to particulate air pollution-associated impairment in vascular reactivity and endothelial function. Circulation 111:2913–2920. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.517110CrossRefPubMed

Olatunji AS, Kolawole TO, Oloruntola M, Günter C (2018) Evaluation of pollution of soils and particulate matter around metal recycling factories in Southwestern Nigeria. J Heal Pollut 8:20–30. https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-8.17.20CrossRef

Olopade CO, Frank E, Bartlett E et al (2017) Effect of a clean stove intervention on inflammatory biomarkers in pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria: a randomized controlled study. Environ Int 98:181–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.004CrossRefPubMed

Omidi Y, Goudarzi G, Heidari AM, Daryanoosh SM (2016) Health impact assessment of short-term exposure to NO2 in Kermanshah, Iran using AirQ model. Environ Health Eng Manag 3(2):91–97CrossRef

Patton AP, Perkins J, Zamore W et al (2014) Spatial and temporal differences in traffic-related air pollution in three urban neighborhoods near an interstate highway. Atmos Environ (1994) 99:309–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.072CrossRef

Penney D, Benignus V, Kephalopoulos S, Kotzias D, Kleinman M, Verrier A (2010) Carbon monoxide WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: selected pollutants

Peters A, Döring A, Wichmann H-E, Koenig W (1997) Increased plasma viscosity during an air pollution episode: a link to mortality? Lancet 349:1582–1587. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(97)01211-7CrossRefPubMed

Piantadosi CA (1999) Diagnosis and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning. Respir Care Clin N Am 5:183–202PubMed

Pikhart H, Bobak M, Gorynski P, Wojtyniak B, Danova J, Celko MA, Kriz B, Briggs D, Elliott P (2001) Outdoor sulphur dioxide and respiratory symptoms in Czech and Polish school children: a small-area study (SAVIAH). Int Arch Occup Environ Health 74(8):574–578CrossRef

Pissuwan D, Somkid K, Kongseng S et al (2016) Respiratory tract toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on mice after intranasal exposure. Micro Nano Lett 11:183–187. https://doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2015.0523CrossRef

Pope CA, Dockery DW (2006) Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 56:709–742. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485CrossRef

Pope CA III, Burnett RT, Thun MJ et al (2002) Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA 287:1132. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.9.1132CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Pope CAI, Dockery DW, Kanner RE et al (1999) Oxygen saturation, pulse rate, and particulate air pollution. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:365–372. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.159.2.9702103CrossRef

Pope CA, Burnett RT, Thurston GD et al (2004a) Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution. Circulation 109:71–77. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000108927.80044.7FCrossRefPubMed

Pope CA, Hansen ML, Long RW et al (2004b) Ambient particulate air pollution, heart rate variability, and blood markers of inflammation in a panel of elderly subjects. Environ Health Perspect 112:339–345. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6588CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Prospero JM (1999) Long-range transport of mineral dust in the global atmosphere: impact of African dust on the environment of the southeastern United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:3396–3403. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.96.7.3396CrossRefPubMed

Przyklenk K, Kloner RA (1989) ‘Reperfusion injury’ by oxygen-derived free radicals? Effect of superoxide dismutase plus catalase, given at the time of reperfusion, on myocardial infarct size, contractile function, coronary microvasculature, and regional myocardial blood flow. Circ Res 64:86–96CrossRef

Qin G, Wu M, Wang J, Xu Z, Xia J, Sang N (2016) Sulfur dioxide contributes to the cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction in rats. Toxicol Sci 151(2):334–346CrossRef

Rahman MM, Mazaheri M, Clifford S, Morawska L (2017) Estimate of main local sources to ambient ultrafine particle number concentrations in an urban area. Atmos Res 194:178–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.04.036CrossRef

Rall DP (1974) Review of the health effects of sulfur oxides. Environ Health Perspect 8:97–121. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.74897CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Raub J (1999) Carbon Monoxide, 2nd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva

Samoli E, Aga E, Touloumi G et al (2006) Short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide on mortality: an analysis within the APHEA project. Eur Respir J 27:1129–1138. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.06.00143905CrossRefPubMed

Samoli E, Touloumi G, Schwartz J et al (2007) Short-term effects of carbon monoxide on mortality: an analysis within the APHEA project. Environ Health Perspect 115:1578–1583. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10375CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Schwartz J (2001) Is there harvesting in the association of airborne particles with daily deaths and hospital admissions? Epidemiology 12:55–61CrossRef

Setiawan B, Kania N, Nugrahenny D et al (2014) Subchronic inhalation of particulate matter 10 coal dust induces atherosclerosis in the aorta of diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Biomarkers Genomic Med 6:67–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bgm.2014.03.002CrossRef

Seymour V (2016) The human-nature relationship and its impact on health: a critical review. Front Public Health 4:260. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00260CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Shi S, Zhu S, Lee ES et al (2016) Performance of wearable ionization air cleaners: Ozone emission and particle removal. Aerosol Sci Technol 50:211–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2016.1139045CrossRef

Silbajoris R, Osornio-Vargas AR, Simmons SO et al (2011) Ambient particulate matter induces interleukin-8 expression through an alternative NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) mechanism in human airway epithelial cells. Environ Health Perspect 119:1379–1383. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103594CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Silva AH, Locatelli C, Filho UP et al (2017) Visceral fat increase and signals of inflammation in adipose tissue after administration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice. Toxicol Ind Health 33:147–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233715613224CrossRefPubMed

Simonetti G, Conte E, Perrino C, Canepari S (2018) Oxidative potential of size-segregated PM in an urban and an industrial area of Italy. Atmos Environ 187:292–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.05.051CrossRef

Smith KR (2002) Indoor air pollution in developing countries: recommendations for research. Indoor Air 12:198–207. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0668.2002.01137.xCrossRefPubMed

Stafoggia M, Cesaroni G, Peters A et al (2014) Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of cerebrovascular events: results from 11 European cohorts within the ESCAPE project. Environ Health Perspect 122:919–925. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307301CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Suwa T, Hogg JC, Quinlan KB et al (2002) Particulate air pollution induces progression of atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 39:935–942CrossRef

Taillé C, El-Benna J, Lanone S, Boczkowski J, Motterlini R (2005) Mitochondrial respiratory chain and NAD(P)H oxidase are targets for the antiproliferative effect of carbon monoxide in human airway smooth muscle. J Biol Chem 280(27):25350–25360CrossRef

Tham A, Lullo D, Dalton S et al (2017) Modeling vascular inflammation and atherogenicity after inhalation of ambient levels of ozone: exploratory lessons from transcriptomics. Inhal Toxicol 29:96–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2017.1310333CrossRefPubMed

Tunnicliffe WS, Hilton MF, Harrison RM, Ayres JG (2001) The effect of sulphur dioxide exposure on indices of heart rate variability in normal and asthmatic adults. Eur Respir J 17(4):604–608CrossRef

Urch B, Silverman F, Corey P et al (2005) Acute blood pressure responses in healthy adults during controlled air pollution exposures. Environ Health Perspect 113:1052–1055. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7785CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Voidazan S, Moldovan H, Huţanu A et al (2018) Could fibrinogen and hsCRP be useful for assessing personal risk in workers exposed to a mixture of ultrafine particles and organic solvents? Rev Rom Med Lab 26:177–187. https://doi.org/10.2478/rrlm-2018-0011CrossRef

Von Burg R (1999) Toxicology update. J Appl Toxicol 19(5):379–386CrossRef

Vora R, Zareba W, Utell MJ et al (2014) Inhalation of ultrafine carbon particles alters heart rate and heart rate variability in people with type 2 diabetes. Part Fibre Toxicol 11:31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-014-0031-yCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vreeland H, Weber R, Bergin M et al (2017) Oxidative potential of PM 2.5 during Atlanta rush hour: measurements of in-vehicle dithiothreitol (DTT) activity. Atmos Environ 165:169–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.06.044CrossRef

Weuve J, Kaufman JD, Szpiro AA et al (2016) Exposure to traffic-related air pollution in relation to progression in physical disability among older adults. Environ Health Perspect 124:1000–1008. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510089CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

WHO (2002) The World Health Report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life. World Health Organization, Geneva

WHO (2012) Burden of disease from the joint effects of household and ambient air pollution for 2012. World Heal Organ

WHO (2016) Burden of disease from ambient air pollution for 2016

World Bank (2004) Reducing air pollution from urban transport

Wold LE, Simkhovich BZ, Kleinman MT et al (2006) In vivo and in vitro models to test the hypothesis of particle-induced effects on cardiac function and arrhythmias. Cardiovasc Toxicol 6:69–78CrossRef

Wold LE, Ying Z, Hutchinson KR et al (2012) Cardiovascular remodeling in response to long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution. Circ Heart Fail 5:452–461. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.966580CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yang B, Deng Q, Zhang W et al (2016) Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, plasma cytokines and heart rate variability. Sci Rep 6:19272. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19272CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yang L, Hou X-Y, Wei Y et al (2017) Biomarkers of the health outcomes associated with ambient particulate matter exposure. Sci Total Environ 579:1446–1459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.146CrossRefPubMed

Yang B-Y, Guo Y, Morawska L et al (2019) Ambient PM1 air pollution and cardiovascular disease prevalence: insights from the 33 communities Chinese health study. Environ Int 123:310–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2018.12.012CrossRefPubMed

Yin Z, Xu H-J, Yao X-L et al (2017) Ambient fine particles (PM 2.5) attenuate collagen-induced platelet activation through interference of the PLCγ2/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol 32:530–540. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22257CrossRefPubMed

Ying Z, Xu X, Bai Y et al (2014) Long-term exposure to concentrated ambient PM 2.5 increases mouse blood pressure through abnormal activation of the sympathetic nervous system: a role for hypothalamic inflammation. Environ Health Perspect 122:79–86. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307151CrossRefPubMed

You S, Neoh KG, Tong YW et al (2017a) Variation of household electricity consumption and potential impact of outdoor PM2.5 concentration: a comparison between Singapore and Shanghai. Appl Energy 188:475–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.019CrossRef

You S, Yao Z, Dai Y, Wang C-H (2017b) A comparison of PM exposure related to emission hotspots in a hot and humid urban environment: concentrations, compositions, respiratory deposition, and potential health risks. Sci Total Environ 599–600:464–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.217CrossRefPubMed

Zanobetti A, Canner MJ, Stone PH et al (2004) Ambient pollution and blood pressure in cardiac rehabilitation patients. Circulation 110:2184–2189. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000143831.33243.D8CrossRefPubMed

Zhang Y, Li M, Bravo MA et al (2014) Air quality in Lanzhou, a Major Industrial City in China: characteristics of air pollution and review of existing evidence from air pollution and health studies. Water Air Soil Pollut 225:2187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-2187-3CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zhang T, Gao B, Zhou Z, Chang Y (2016) The movement and deposition of PM2.5 in the upper respiratory tract for the patients with heart failure: an elementary CFD study. Biomed Eng Online 15:138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-016-0281-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zhao Y, Wang S, Duan L, Lei Y, Cao P, Hao J (2008) Primary air pollutant emissions of coal-fired power plants in China: current status and future prediction. Atmos Environ 42(36):8442–8452CrossRef

Titel: Impacts of Air Pollution on Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Systems
verfasst von: Ram Raj Prasad
Sandeep Paudel
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Buch: Air Pollution and Environmental Health
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-3480-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-15-3481-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3481-2_8