Fabrication and comparative mechanical, electrical and water absorption characteristic properties of multifunctional epoxy resin of bisphenol-C and commercial epoxy-treated and -untreated jute fiber-reinforced composites

Epoxy resin of bisphenol-C-formaldehyde (EBCF) was synthesized and its structure was confirmed by FTIR and ¹HNMR techniques. Untreated jute and a 4 % sodium hydroxide-treated jute composites of EBCF, araldites (GY508 and GY6010) and their hybrid composites were fabricated by hand layup technique followed by compression-molding technique. Mechanical, electrical and water absorption behavior of the composites was studied by standard test methods. The composites showed good mechanical and electrical properties, excellent hydrolytic stability and almost identical water absorption tendency. To some extent, alkali-treated jute composites displayed improved mechanical properties and water absorption tendency. EBCF-based jute and hybrid composites showed comparable mechanical and electrical properties and water absorption behavior with araldite-based composites. Among jute–EBCF, jute–araldite and their hybrid composites, J–EBCF showed the highest impact strength (26 kg m⁻²), Barcol hardness (34), volume resistivity (2.7 × 10⁻¹¹ Ω cm) and diffusivity (7.19 × 10⁻¹³ m² s⁻²). J–GY-1 showed the highest tensile strength (43.7 MPa), flexural modulus (4.26 GPa), % equilibrium water absorption (19.36 %) and equilibrium water absorption time (480 h). Good mechanical and electrical properties and excellent hydrolytic stability of both types of the composites suggested their usefulness for low load-bearing housing, and electrical and marine applications. Thus, EBCF has found its commercial importance as that of the commercial araldite resins.