Influence of Anaerobic Digestion Processes on the Germination of Weed Seeds

Anaerobic digestion (AD) produces bioenergy and bio-fertilizer. However, weed seeds can contaminate the substrates for biogas production. This work assesses seed viability of four weeds species origin from Germany and China under AD conditions at 37, 42 and 52 °C with different retention times. All investigated seeds were inactivated after 12 h at 52 °C, 128 h at 42 °C and 512 h at 37 °C under AD treatment. Inactivation duration varying between species and a global test showed that the countries of seeds origin have a significant effect on inactivation times. For two species, by contrast, short treatment times increased the germination rate which increases the risk of weed dispersal. An anoxic water bath treatment with identical temperatures resulted in longer deactivation times, indicating that other factors also play a role in the weed seeds elimination. The results indicate that the risk of weed seed spreading through digestate application can be minimized by an adequate retention time.