Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Autonomous Robots 4/2013

01.11.2013

Towards a swarm of agile micro quadrotors

verfasst von: Alex Kushleyev, Daniel Mellinger, Caitlin Powers, Vijay Kumar

Erschienen in: Autonomous Robots | Ausgabe 4/2013

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

We describe a prototype 75 g micro quadrotor with onboard attitude estimation and control that operates autonomously with an external localization system. The motivation for designing quadrotors at this scale comes from two observations. First, the agility of the robot increases with a reduction in size, a fact that is supported by experimental results in this paper. Second, smaller robots are able to operate in tight formations in constrained, indoor environments. We describe the hardware and software used to operate the vehicle as well our dynamic model. We also discuss the aerodynamics of vertical flight and the contribution of ground effect to the vehicle performance. Finally, we discuss architecture and algorithms to coordinate a team of these quadrotors, and provide experimental results for a team of 20 micro quadrotors.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson, C., & Franks, N. R. (2001). Teams in animal societies. Behavioral Ecology, 12(5), 534540.CrossRef Anderson, C., & Franks, N. R. (2001). Teams in animal societies. Behavioral Ecology, 12(5), 534540.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Beard, R. W., Lawton, J., & Hadaegh, F. Y. (2001). A coordination architecture for spacecraft formation control. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 9(6), 777–790.CrossRef Beard, R. W., Lawton, J., & Hadaegh, F. Y. (2001). A coordination architecture for spacecraft formation control. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 9(6), 777–790.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bermes, C (2010). Design and dynamic modeling of autonomous coaxial micro helicopters. PhD thesis, ETH Zurich, Switzerland. Bermes, C (2010). Design and dynamic modeling of autonomous coaxial micro helicopters. PhD thesis, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
Zurück zum Zitat Bouabdallah, S (2007). Design and control of quadrotors with applications to autonomous flying. PhD thesis, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Bouabdallah, S (2007). Design and control of quadrotors with applications to autonomous flying. PhD thesis, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Zurück zum Zitat Bullo, F., Cortés, J., & Martínez, S. (2009). Distributed control of robotic networks: A mathematical approach to motion coordination algorithms. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (Applied Mathematics Series). Bullo, F., Cortés, J., & Martínez, S. (2009). Distributed control of robotic networks: A mathematical approach to motion coordination algorithms. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (Applied Mathematics Series).
Zurück zum Zitat Desai, J. P., Ostrowski, J. P., & Kumar, V. (2001). Modeling and control of formations of nonholonomic mobile robots. IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 17(6), 905–908.CrossRef Desai, J. P., Ostrowski, J. P., & Kumar, V. (2001). Modeling and control of formations of nonholonomic mobile robots. IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 17(6), 905–908.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Egerstedt, M., & Hu, X. (2001). Formation constrained multi-agent control. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 17(6), 947–951.CrossRef Egerstedt, M., & Hu, X. (2001). Formation constrained multi-agent control. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 17(6), 947–951.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Floreano, D., Zufferey, J. C., Klaptocz, A., Germann, J. M., & Kovac, M. (2011). Aerial locomotion in cluttered environments. In Proceedings of the 15th international symposium on robotics research. Flagstaff, AZ. Floreano, D., Zufferey, J. C., Klaptocz, A., Germann, J. M., & Kovac, M. (2011). Aerial locomotion in cluttered environments. In Proceedings of the 15th international symposium on robotics research. Flagstaff, AZ.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang, H., Hoffmann, G., Waslander, S., & Tomlin, C. (2009). Aerodynamics and control of autonomous quadrotor helicopters in aggressive maneuvering. In ICRA ’09 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (pp. 3277–3282). doi:10.1109/ROBOT.2009.5152561. Huang, H., Hoffmann, G., Waslander, S., & Tomlin, C. (2009). Aerodynamics and control of autonomous quadrotor helicopters in aggressive maneuvering. In ICRA ’09 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (pp. 3277–3282). doi:10.​1109/​ROBOT.​2009.​5152561.
Zurück zum Zitat International Business Machines Corporation. (2009). IBM ILOG CPLEX V12.1: Users manual for CPLEX. New York: IBM. International Business Machines Corporation. (2009). IBM ILOG CPLEX V12.1: Users manual for CPLEX. New York: IBM.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, W. (1980). Helicopter theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Johnson, W. (1980). Helicopter theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, H.J., Kim, S., Lee, D., & Awan, A. (2012). Adaptive control for a VTOL UAV operating near a wall. In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Guidance, Navigation, and Control and co-located conferences. Boston: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. doi:10.2514/6.2012-4835. Kim, H.J., Kim, S., Lee, D., & Awan, A. (2012). Adaptive control for a VTOL UAV operating near a wall. In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Guidance, Navigation, and Control and co-located conferences. Boston: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. doi:10.​2514/​6.​2012-4835.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar, V., & Michael, N. (2011). Opportunities and challenges with autonomous micro aerial vehicles. In International symposium on robotics research. Flagstaff, AZ. Kumar, V., & Michael, N. (2011). Opportunities and challenges with autonomous micro aerial vehicles. In International symposium on robotics research. Flagstaff, AZ.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar, V., & Michael, N. (2012). Opportunities and challenges with autonomous micro aerial vehicles. International Journal of Robotics Research, 31(11), 1279–1291. Kumar, V., & Michael, N. (2012). Opportunities and challenges with autonomous micro aerial vehicles. International Journal of Robotics Research, 31(11), 1279–1291.
Zurück zum Zitat Kushleyev, A., Mellinger, D., & Kumar, V. (2012). Towards a swarm of agile micro quadrotors. In Proceedings of robotics: Science and systems. Sydney, Australia. Kushleyev, A., Mellinger, D., & Kumar, V. (2012). Towards a swarm of agile micro quadrotors. In Proceedings of robotics: Science and systems. Sydney, Australia.
Zurück zum Zitat Leishman, J. G. (2000). Principles of helicopter aerodynamics (Chap. 10). New York: Cambridge University Press. Leishman, J. G. (2000). Principles of helicopter aerodynamics (Chap. 10). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Lupashin, S., Schollig, A., Sherback, M., & D’Andrea, R. (2010). A simple learning strategy for high-speed quadrocopter multi-flips. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (pp. 1642–1648). Anchorage, AK. Lupashin, S., Schollig, A., Sherback, M., & D’Andrea, R. (2010). A simple learning strategy for high-speed quadrocopter multi-flips. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (pp. 1642–1648). Anchorage, AK.
Zurück zum Zitat Mellinger, D., & Kumar, V. (2011). Minimum snap trajectory generation and control for quadrotors. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (pp. 2520–2525). Shanghai, China. Mellinger, D., & Kumar, V. (2011). Minimum snap trajectory generation and control for quadrotors. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (pp. 2520–2525). Shanghai, China.
Zurück zum Zitat Mellinger, D., Michael, N., & Kumar, V. (2010). Trajectory generation and control for precise aggressive maneuvers. In International symposium on experimental robotics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Mellinger, D., Michael, N., & Kumar, V. (2010). Trajectory generation and control for precise aggressive maneuvers. In International symposium on experimental robotics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Mellinger, D., Kushleyev, A., & Kumar, V. (2012). Mixed-integer quadratic program trajectory generation for heterogeneous quadrotor teams. In IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (pp. 477–483). Saint Paul, MN. Mellinger, D., Kushleyev, A., & Kumar, V. (2012). Mixed-integer quadratic program trajectory generation for heterogeneous quadrotor teams. In IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (pp. 477–483). Saint Paul, MN.
Zurück zum Zitat Michael, N., & Kumar, V. (2011). Control of ensembles of aerial robots. Proceedings of the IEEE, 99(9), 1587–1602.CrossRef Michael, N., & Kumar, V. (2011). Control of ensembles of aerial robots. Proceedings of the IEEE, 99(9), 1587–1602.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mulgaonkar, Y. (2012). Automated recharging for persistence missions with multiple micro aerial vehicles. Master’s thesis, University of Pennsylvania. Mulgaonkar, Y. (2012). Automated recharging for persistence missions with multiple micro aerial vehicles. Master’s thesis, University of Pennsylvania.
Zurück zum Zitat Parrish, J., & Hamner, W. (1997). Animal groups in three dimensions. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Parrish, J., & Hamner, W. (1997). Animal groups in three dimensions. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pines, D., & Bohorquez, F. (2006). Challenges facing future micro air vehicle development. AIAA Journal of Aircraft, 43(2), 290–305.CrossRef Pines, D., & Bohorquez, F. (2006). Challenges facing future micro air vehicle development. AIAA Journal of Aircraft, 43(2), 290–305.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Powers, C., Mellinger, D., Kushleyev, A., Kothmann, B., & Kumar, V. (2012). Influence of aerodynamics and proximity effects in quadrotor flight. In Proceedings of the international symposium on experimental robotics. Singapore. Powers, C., Mellinger, D., Kushleyev, A., Kothmann, B., & Kumar, V. (2012). Influence of aerodynamics and proximity effects in quadrotor flight. In Proceedings of the international symposium on experimental robotics. Singapore.
Zurück zum Zitat Schouwenaars, T., DeMoor, B., Feron, E., & How, J. (2001). Mixed integer programming for multi-vehicle path planning. In European control conference (pp 2603–2608). Porto, Portugal. Schouwenaars, T., DeMoor, B., Feron, E., & How, J. (2001). Mixed integer programming for multi-vehicle path planning. In European control conference (pp 2603–2608). Porto, Portugal.
Zurück zum Zitat Schouwenaars, T., Stubbs, A., Paduano, J., & Feron, E. (2006). Multi-vehicle path planning for non-line of sight communication. In American Control Conference. Schouwenaars, T., Stubbs, A., Paduano, J., & Feron, E. (2006). Multi-vehicle path planning for non-line of sight communication. In American Control Conference.
Zurück zum Zitat Shen, S., Michael, N., & Kumar, V. (2011). Autonomous multi-floor indoor navigation with a computationally constrained MAV. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (pp. 20–25). Shanghai, China. Shen, S., Michael, N., & Kumar, V. (2011). Autonomous multi-floor indoor navigation with a computationally constrained MAV. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (pp. 20–25). Shanghai, China.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanner, H., Jadbabaie, A., & Pappas, G. J. (2007). Flocking in fixed and switching networks. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 52(5), 863–868.MathSciNetCrossRef Tanner, H., Jadbabaie, A., & Pappas, G. J. (2007). Flocking in fixed and switching networks. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 52(5), 863–868.MathSciNetCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Valenti, M., Bethke, B., Fiore, G., How, J., & Feron, E. (2006). Indoor multi-vehicle flight testbed for fault detection, isolation, and recovery. In AIAA guidance, navigation, and control conference and exhibit, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Guidance, Navigation, and Control and co-located conferences. doi:10.2514/6.2006-6200. Valenti, M., Bethke, B., Fiore, G., How, J., & Feron, E. (2006). Indoor multi-vehicle flight testbed for fault detection, isolation, and recovery. In AIAA guidance, navigation, and control conference and exhibit, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Guidance, Navigation, and Control and co-located conferences. doi:10.​2514/​6.​2006-6200.
Zurück zum Zitat van den Berg, J., Guy, S. J., Lin, M., & Manocha, D. (2011). Reciprocal n-body collision avoidance. In C. Pradalier, R. Siegwart, & G. Hirzinger (Eds.), Robotics research (pp. 3–19). Springer. van den Berg, J., Guy, S. J., Lin, M., & Manocha, D. (2011). Reciprocal n-body collision avoidance. In C. Pradalier, R. Siegwart, & G. Hirzinger (Eds.), Robotics research (pp. 3–19). Springer.
Zurück zum Zitat Wolowicz, C. H., Bowman, J. S., & Gilbert, W. P. (1979). Similitude requirements and scaling relationships as applied to model testing. Technical report. Washington, DC: NASA. Wolowicz, C. H., Bowman, J. S., & Gilbert, W. P. (1979). Similitude requirements and scaling relationships as applied to model testing. Technical report. Washington, DC: NASA.
Metadaten
Titel
Towards a swarm of agile micro quadrotors
verfasst von
Alex Kushleyev
Daniel Mellinger
Caitlin Powers
Vijay Kumar
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2013
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Autonomous Robots / Ausgabe 4/2013
Print ISSN: 0929-5593
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7527
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10514-013-9349-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2013

Autonomous Robots 4/2013 Zur Ausgabe

Neuer Inhalt