nach oben

Empirical Software Engineering

Erschienen in:

01.04.2016

Understanding and addressing exhibitionism in Java empirical research about method accessibility

verfasst von: Santiago A. Vidal, Alexandre Bergel, Claudia Marcos, J. Andrés Díaz-Pace

Erschienen in: Empirical Software Engineering | Ausgabe 2/2016

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Information hiding is a positive consequence of properly defining component interfaces. Unfortunately, determining what should constitute a public interface remains difficult. We have analyzed over 3.6 million lines of Java open-source code and found that on the average, at least 20 % of defined methods are over-exposed, thus threatening public interfaces to unnecessary exposure. Such over-exposed methods may have their accessibility reduced to exactly reflect the method usage. We have identified three patterns in the source code to identify over-exposed methods. We also propose an Eclipse plugin to guide practitioners in identifying over-exposed methods and refactoring their applications. Our plugin has been successfully used to refactor a non-trivial application.

Vorheriger Artikel Preprocessor-based variability in open-source and industrial software systems: An empirical study

Nächster Artikel Development nature matters: An empirical study of code clones in JavaScript applications

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/javaOO/accesscontrol.html

http://bit.ly/mseFiles

http://ss3.gemstone.com/ss/SPIRIT.html

http://www.moosetechnology.org

http://www.moosetechnology.org/tools/verveinej

http://www.itracker.org

http://oreports.com/

http://archive.eso.org/cms/tools-documentation/jsky/

Note that a private method cannot be overridden.

These scatterplots are not reported in this paper.

ArgoUML, SweetHome3D, FreeMind, Ant, Cobertura, Findbugs, Jajuk, JStock, PMD, TuxGuitar

http://pmd.sourceforge.net

http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net

http://findbugs.sourceforge.net

version Juno (4.2)

version 9.0.4

version 7.0.1

This happens when you call a method that does not exist and you ask Eclipse to automatically generate the missing method.

http://sites.google.com/site/santiagoavidal/projects/cover-methods

Experiments were conducted on a MacBook Air, CPU 1.8 GHz Intel Core 5. 4Gb of memory.

http://clustermines.sourceforge.net

http://www.sweethome3d.com

http://cobertura.sourceforge.net

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-6.html#jls-6.4

We obtained the value 35 % by computing the average of the IGAM metric from Fig. 3 in Zoller and Schmolitzky (2012).

Bacon DF, Sweeney PF (1996). In: Anderson L, Coplien J (eds) Fast static analysis of c++ virtual function calls. OOPSLA ACM, pp 324–341

Binkley D, Ceccato M, Harman M, Ricca F, Tonella P (2005) Automated refactoring of object oriented code into aspects In: Software Maintenance, 2005. ICSM’05. In: Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Conference on, pp 27–36. doi:10.1109/ICSM.2005.27

Booch G (2004) Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications (3rd Edition). Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Redwood

Bouillon P, Grokinsky E, Steimann F (2008) Controlling accessibility in agile projects with the access modifier modifier. In: Paige RF, Meyer B (eds) TOOLS (46), Springer, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 11, pp 41–59

Briand LC, Wst J, Lounis H (1999) Using coupling measurement for impact analysis in object-oriented systems. In: ICSM, pp 475–482

Chowdhury I, Zulkernine M (2010) Can complexity, coupling, and cohesion metrics be used as early indicators of vulnerabilities? In: Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. ACM, New York, pp 1963–1969. SAC ’10

Fowler M (2002) Public versus published interfaces. IEEE Softw 19(2):18–19CrossRef

Ge Xi, DuBose QL, Murphy-Hill E (2012) Reconciling manual and automatic refactoring. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Software Engineering, IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, USA, ICSE 2012, pp 211–221,. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2337223.2337249

Liang D, Pennings M, Harrold MJ (2001) Extending and evaluating flow-insenstitive and context-insensitive points-to analyses for Java. In: Proceedings of the, 2001 ACM SIGPLAN-SIGSOFT Workshop on Program Analysis for Software Tools and Engineering, ACM, New York, NY, USA, PASTE ’01, pp 73–79. doi:10.1145/379605.379676

Martin RC (2002) Agile Software Development.Principles,Patterns, and Practices. Prentice-Hall

Meyer B (2009) Touch of class: learning to program well with objects and contracts, 1st edn. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated

Mockus A, Nagappan N, Dinh-Trong TT (2009) Test coverage and post-verification defects: A multiple case study. In: Proceedings of the 2009 3rd International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, ESEM ’09, pp 291–301. doi:10.1109/ESEM.2009.5315981

Müller A (2010) Bytecode analysis for checking Java access modifiers. In: Work in Progress and Poster Session, 8th Int. Conf. on Principles and Practice of Programming in Java (PPPJ, 2010), Vienna, Austria

Parnas DL (1972) On the criteria to be used in decomposing systems into modules. CACM 15:1053–1058. doi:10.1145/361598.361623. http://www.cs.umd.edu/class/spring2003/cmsc838p/Design/criteria.pdf CrossRef

Patenaude JF, Merlo E, Dagenais M (1999) Extending software quality assessment techniques to Java systems In: IWPC. IEEE Computer Society, Lagu, B, p 49

Riel A (1996) Object-oriented design heuristics. Addison Wesley, Boston

Robbes R, Lungu M, Roethlisberger D (2012) How do developers react to API deprecation? The case of a Smalltalk ecosystem. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE’12), pp 56:1–56:11. http://scg.unibe.ch/archive/papers/Rob12aAPIDeprecations.pdf, doi:10.1145/2393596.2393662, (to appear in print)

Schafer M, Thies A, Steimann F, Tip F (2012) A comprehensive approach to naming and accessibility in refactoring Java programs. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 38(6):1233–1257. doi:10.1109/TSE.2012.13 CrossRef

Siegel S, Castellan NJ (1988) Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York

Singh S, Kahlo n KS (2011) Effectiveness of encapsulation and object-oriented metrics to refactor code and identify error prone classes using bad smells. ACM SIGSOFT Softw Eng Notes 36(5):1–10CrossRef

Singh V, Bhattacherjee V, Bhattacharjee S (2012) An analysis of dependency of coupling on software defects. ACM SIGSOFT Softw Eng. Notes 37(1):1–6CrossRef

Steimann F, Thies A (2009) From public to private to absent: Refactoring Java programs under constrained accessibility. In: Drossopoulou S (ed) Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5653. ECOOP, Springer, pp 419–443

Tempero E, Anslow C, Dietrich J, Han T, Li J, Lumpe M, Melton H, Noble J (2010) The qualitas corpus:A curated collection of Java code for empirical studies. In: Software Engineering Conference (APSEC), 2010 17th Asia Pacific, pp 336–345

Thies A, Bodden E (2012) Refaflex: safer refactorings for reflective Java programs.In: Proceedings of the 2012 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, ACM, New York, NY, USA, ISSTA 2012

Wohlin C, Runeson P, Höst M, Ohlsson MC, Regnell B, Wesslén A (2000) Experimentation in software engineering: an introduction. Kluwer Academic Publishers, NorwellCrossRefMATH

Zoller C, Schmolitzky A (2012) Measuring inappropriate generosity with access modifiers in Java systems. In: Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference of the 22Nd International Workshop on Software Measurement and the 2012 Seventh International Conference on Software Process and Product Measurement. doi:10.1109/IWSM-MENSURA.2012.15. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, IWSM-MENSURA ’12, pp 43–52

Titel: Understanding and addressing exhibitionism in Java empirical research about method accessibility
verfasst von: Santiago A. Vidal
Alexandre Bergel
Claudia Marcos
J. Andrés Díaz-Pace
Publikationsdatum: 01.04.2016
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Empirical Software Engineering / Ausgabe 2/2016
Print ISSN: 1382-3256
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7616
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-015-9365-9

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2016

Development nature matters: An empirical study of code clones in JavaScript applications

Studying high impact fix-inducing changes

A field study of how developers locate features in source code

Guest editorial: Special section on mining software repositories

Improving bug management using correlations in crash reports

Open innovation in software engineering: a systematic mapping study

Premium Partner