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Erschienen in: Public Organization Review 4/2013

01.12.2013

Key Issues in Women’s Representation in Bureaucracy: Lessons from South Asia

verfasst von: Syeda Lasna Kabir

Erschienen in: Public Organization Review | Ausgabe 4/2013

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Abstract

This paper discusses the position of women in the civil services in South Asia (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh). The majority of women are in lower level positions. It is rare to find women in higher and mid-level positions and in professional and administrative occupations. Despite constitutional guarantees and other governmental initiatives to remove gender discrimination from the civil services of these countries, women continue to fight against a variety of odds to attain career success. The objective of this paper is to make a comparative analysis of the factors accounting for the successful advancement of women in top positions in the civil services of these three countries, and to analyse factors that may impede women from making more progress. A cultural approach has been adopted in this study, emphasizing that the social contexts within which institutions operate shape the manner in which institutions behave and act. Based on extensive field work, the study maps female civil servants’ opinions on a number of factors that impede their career prospects in the civil service. In the conclusion, some policy recommendations are made as a way to address the issue.

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Fußnoten
1
One of the major problems in obtaining data on women’s employment in the civil service is that the data are often incomplete and 3 to 4 years old. It is with these limits in mind the data below must be regarded.
 
2
The Schedule Castes (SCs), also known as the Dalit and the Schedule Tribes (STs), are two groupings of historically disadvantaged people who are given express recognition in the constitution of India. During the period of British rule in the Indian sub-continent, they were known as the Depressed Classes. Since independence, the Schedule Castes have benefited by the reservation policy. This policy became an integral part of the constitution through the effort of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, regarded as the father of the Indian constitution, who participated in the round table conferences and fought for the rights of the Depressed Classes. The constitution lays down general principles for the policy of affirmative action for the SCs and STs.
 
3
For both the IAS and the IPS, the age limit is 21–28 years and the upper age limit is relaxed for the STs and SCs candidates by 5 years.
 
4
http:www.​thaindian.​com/​newsportal [Accessed 8 March 2009]
 
5
Civil Service of Pakistan (CSP), a defined cadre that dominated Pakistan’s bureaucracy during the 1950s and 1960s, until its abolition in 1973.
 
6
Basic Pay Scales (BPS), signifying the civil service’s salary structure arranged according to seniority.
 
7
Pakistan Observer, 26 August 2008.
 
8
Recently (May 2012), some women have been recruited to top civil service positions. Four women are now posted as ‘secretary’ and seventeen as ‘additional secretary’ in various ministries. Still, the numbers are low compared to male counterparts.
 
9
Geert Hofstede, a Dutch engineer for 10 years, returned to school to earn a PhD in social psychology. After completing his dissertation, IBM hired him as a management trainer in the European executive development department. Later he started the personnel research department at IBM. In this role he collected the 116,000 survey responses that laid the groundwork for his popular book Culture’s Consequences. Upon leaving IBM in pursuit of academia, it took Hofstede 6 years to complete the book.
 
10
Although my study concerns women’s participation in the policy management process in South-Asia, Nepal, Sri-Lanka, Maldives and Bhutan are excluded on logical grounds. Since I have already included three major South Asian countries in my work, inclusion of more countries in the study will be too ambitious and unwieldy to manage.
 
11
The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) is the administrative civil service of the government of India. Indian Administrative Service officers hold key positions in the Union Government, State government, and Public Sectors Undertakings. The Administrative Service is one of the three All India Services (IAS, IPS and IFS).
 
12
District Management Group (DMG), which dominates civil service appointments in the Federal and Provincial Secretariats as well as in the Districts.
 
13
Purposive sampling techniques are primarily used in qualitative studies. These may be defined as selecting units (e.g., individuals, groups of individuals, institutions) based on specific purposes associated with answering research study questions. Maxwell (1997) further defines purposive sampling as a type of sampling in which “particular settings, persons, or events are deliberately selected for the important information they can provide that cannot be gotten as well from other choices.”
 
14
Tape recorders were not used.
 
15
A stereotype is a belief that can be held by anybody about specific types of individuals or certain ways of doing things, but that belief may or may not accurately reflect reality.
 
16
Bangladesh Public Service Commission (BPSC) is the central personnel agency for the government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. The agency conducts several examinations for prospective employees.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Key Issues in Women’s Representation in Bureaucracy: Lessons from South Asia
verfasst von
Syeda Lasna Kabir
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2013
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Public Organization Review / Ausgabe 4/2013
Print ISSN: 1566-7170
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7098
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-013-0261-8

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