nach oben

Small Business Economics

Erschienen in:

09.03.2018

Entrepreneurship ecosystems and women entrepreneurs: a social capital and network approach

verfasst von: Xaver Neumeyer, Susana C. Santos, António Caetano, Pamela Kalbfleisch

Erschienen in: Small Business Economics | Ausgabe 2/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of venture typology, race, ethnicity, and past venture experience on the social capital distribution of women entrepreneurs in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Social network data from two municipal ecosystems in Florida, USA (Gainesville and Jacksonville), suggest that network connectivity and the distribution of social capital are significantly different for men and women entrepreneurs. This difference is contingent on the venture type. Male entrepreneurs show higher comparative scores of bridging social capital in aggressive- and managed-growth venture networks, while women entrepreneurs surpass their male counterparts’ bridging capital scores in lifestyle and survival venture networks. Lastly, experienced women entrepreneurs that self-identified as white showed a higher degree of network connectivity and bridging social capital in the entrepreneurial ecosystem than less experienced non-white female entrepreneurs. Implications for entrepreneurship practice and new research paths are discussed.

Vorheriger Artikel Stories from the field: women’s networking as gender capital in entrepreneurial ecosystems

Nächster Artikel The efficacy of gender-based federal procurement policies in the United States

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Abbasi, A., Hossain, L., & Leydesdorff, L. (2012). Betweenness centrality as a driver of preferential attachment in the evolution of research collaboration networks. Journal of Informetrics, 6(3), 403–412.CrossRef

Ács, Z. J., Autio, E., & Szerb, L. (2014). National systems of entrepreneurship: measurement issues and policy implications. Research Policy, 43(3), 476–494.CrossRef

Acs, Z. J., & Szerb, L. (2007). Entrepreneurship, economic growth and public policy. Small Business Economics, 28(2–3), 109–122.CrossRef

Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S.-W. (2002). Social capital: prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17–40.CrossRef

Ahl, H., & Marlow, S. (2012). Exploring the dynamics of gender, feminism and entrepreneurship: advancing debate to escape a dead end? Organization, 19(5), 543–562.CrossRef

Aldrich, H., & Zimmer, C. (1986). Entrepreneurship through social networks. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign’s Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship.

Anderson, A. R., & Jack, S. L. (2002). The articulation of social capital in entrepreneurial networks: a glue or a lubricant? Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 14(3), 193–210.CrossRef

Audretsch, D. B., & Feldman, M. P. (1996). R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production. The American Economic Review, 86, 630–640.

Baron, R. A., & Markman, G. D. (2000). Beyond social capital: how social skills can enhance entrepreneurs’ success. The Academy of Management Executive, 14(1), 106–116.

Becker, M. C. (2001). The role of routines in organizations: an empirical and taxonomic investigation. University of Cambridge.

Bell, S. J., Tracey, P., & Heide, J. B. (2009). The organization of regional clusters. Academy of Management Review, 34(4), 623–642.

Berg, S. (1988). Snowball sampling. In S. Kotz & N. I. Johnson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of statistical sciences. New York: Wiley.

Bliemel, M. J., McCarthy, I. P., & Maine, E. M. A. (2015). Levels of multiplexity in entrepreneur’s networks: implications for dynamism and value creation. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 0(0).

Borgatti, S. P., Everett, M. G., & Freeman, L. C. (1999). UCINET 6.0 Version 1.00. Natick: Analytic Technologies.

Bosma, N., Van Praag, M., Thurik, R., & De Wit, G. (2004). The value of human and social capital investments for the business performance of startups. Small Business Economics, 23(3), 227–236.CrossRef

Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group.

Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. J. (1992). An invitation to reflexive sociology. University of Chicago Press.

Brooks, A. W., Huang, L., Kearney, S. W., & Murray, F. E. (2014). Investors prefer entrepreneurial ventures pitched by attractive men. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(12), 4427–4431.CrossRef

Brush, C. G., & Chaganti, R. (1999). Businesses without glamour? An analysis of resources on performance by size and age in small service and retail firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 14(3), 233–257.CrossRef

Brush, C. G., De Bruin, A., & Welter, F. (2009). A gender-aware framework for women’s entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 8–24.CrossRef

Brush, C. G., Carter, N. M., Gatewood, E., Greene, P. G., & Hart, M. M. (2004). Clearing the hurdles: women building high-growth businesses. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall.

Calas, M. B., Smircich, L., & Bourne, K. A. (2009). Extending the boundaries: reframing “entrepreneurship as social change” through feminist perspectives. Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 552–569.CrossRef

Carter, N., Brush, C., Greene, P., Gatewood, E., & Hart, M. (2003). Women entrepreneurs who break through to equity financing: the influence of human, social and financial capital. Venture Capital: an International Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, 5(1), 1–28.CrossRef

Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95–S120.CrossRef

Colombo, M. G., Franzoni, C., & Rossi-Lamastra, C. (2015). Internal social capital and the attraction of early contributions in crowdfunding. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(1), 75–100.CrossRef

Cope, J., Jack, S., & Rose, M. B. (2007). Social capital and entrepreneurship: an introduction. International Small Business Journal, 25(3), 213–219.CrossRef

Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(3), 301–331.CrossRef

De Carolis, D. M., Litzky, B. E., & Eddleston, K. A. (2009). Why networks enhance the progress of new venture creation: the influence of social capital and cognition. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(2), 527–545.CrossRef

De Carolis, D. M., & Saparito, P. (2006). Social capital, cognition, and entrepreneurial opportunities: a theoretical framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1), 41–56.CrossRef

Dew, N., Read, S., Sarasvathy, S. D., & Wiltbank, R. (2009). Effectual versus predictive logics in entrepreneurial decision-making: differences between experts and novices. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(4), 287–309.CrossRef

Dubini, P., & Aldrich, H. (1991). Personal and extended networks are central to the entrepreneurial process. Journal of Business Venturing, 6(5), 305–313.CrossRef

Edelman, L. F., Brush, C. G., Manolova, T. S., & Greene, P. G. (2010). Start-up motivations and growth intentions of minority nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 48(2), 174–196.CrossRef

Fabowale, L., Orser, B., & Riding, A. (1995). Gender, structural factors, and credit terms between Canadian small businesses and financial institutions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 19(4), 41–66.

Feld, B. (2012). Startup communities: building an entrepreneurial ecosystem in your city. Hoboken: Wiley.

Florin, J., Lubatkin, M., & Schulze, W. (2003). A social capital model of high-growth ventures. Academy of Management Journal, 46(3), 374–384.

Foster, G., Shimizu, C., Ciesinski, S., Davila, A., Hassan, S., Jia, N., & Morris, R. (2013). Entrepreneurial ecosystems around the globe and company growth dynamics. In World Economic Forum (Vol. 11).

Gilsing, V., Nooteboom, B., Vanhaverbeke, W., Duysters, G., & van den Oord, A. (2008). Network embeddedness and the exploration of novel technologies: technological distance, betweenness centrality and density. Research Policy, 37(10), 1717–1731.CrossRef

Greene, P. G., Brush, C. G., Hart, M. M., & Saparito, P. (2001). Patterns of venture capital funding: is gender a factor? Venture Capital: An International Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, 3(1), 63–83.CrossRef

Grossman, E. B., Yli-Renko, H., & Janakiraman, R. (2012). Resource search, interpersonal similarity, and network tie valuation in nascent entrepreneurs’ emerging networks. Journal of Management, 38(6), 1760–1787.CrossRef

Heckathorn, D. D. (1997). Respondent-driven sampling: a new approach to the study of hidden populations. Social Problems, 44, 174–199.CrossRef

Heckathorn, D. D. (2002). Respondent-driven sampling II: deriving valid population estimates from chain-referral samples of hidden populations. Social Problems, 49(1), 11–34.CrossRef

Hoang, H., & Antoncic, B. (2003). Network-based research in entrepreneurship: a critical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(2), 165–187.CrossRef

Inkpen, A. C., & Tsang, E. W. (2005). Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer. Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 146–165.CrossRef

Isenberg, D. J. (2010). How to start an entrepreneurial revolution. Harvard Business Review, 88(6), 40–50.

Jack, S. L. (2005). The role, use and activation of strong and weak network ties: a qualitative analysis*. Journal of Management Studies, 42(6), 1233–1259.CrossRef

Kor, Y. Y., & Sundaramurthy, C. (2008). Experience-based human capital and social capital of outside directors. Journal of Management, 35(4), 981–1006.CrossRef

Krackhardt, D. (1992). The strength of strong ties: the importance of philos in organizations. Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action, 216, 239.

Kuratko, D. F. (2016). Different entrepreneurial ventures for greater societal value: a portfolio approach to assist public policy. The Antitrust Bulletin, 61(4), 546–560.CrossRef

Laumann, E. O., Galaskiewicz, J., & Marsden, P. V. (1978). Community structure as interorganizational linkages. Annual Review of Sociology, 4(1), 455–484.CrossRef

Lechner, C., & Dowling, M. (2003). Firm networks: external relationships as sources for the growth and competitiveness of entrepreneurial firms. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 15(1), 1–26.CrossRef

Lechner, C., Frankenberger, K., & Floyd, S. W. (2010). Task contingencies in the curvilinear relationships between intergroup networks and initiative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(4), 865–889.CrossRef

Light, I. (2010). The religious ethic of the Protestant ethnics. In L.-P. Dana (Ed.), Entrepreneurship and religion (pp. 168–183). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Light, I., & Dana, L.-P. (2013). Boundaries of social capital in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(3), 603–624.CrossRef

Lin, N. (2000). Inequality in social capital. Contemporary Sociology, 29(6), 785–795.CrossRef

Locke, E. A., Noorderhaven, N. G., Cannon, J. P., Doney, P. M., & Mullen, M. R. (1999). Some reservations about social capital. Academy of Management Review, 24(1), 8–11.CrossRef

Malecki, E. J. (1997). Entrepreneurs, networks, and economic development: a review of recent research. Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, 3, 57–118.

Manolova, T. S. (2006). Builders and leaders: six case studies of men and women small proprietors in the Bulgarian construction industry. In Growth-oriented women entrepreneurs and their businesses: a global research perspective (p. 232).

Marlow, S., & McAdam, M. (2013). Gender and entrepreneurship: advancing debate and challenging myths; exploring the mystery of the under-performing female entrepreneur. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 19(1), 114–124.CrossRef

Marsden, P. V. (1988). Homogeneity in confiding relations. Social Networks, 10(1), 57–76.CrossRef

Mason, C., & Brown, R. (2013). Creating good public policy to support high-growth firms. Small Business Economics, 40(2), 211–225.CrossRef

McGowan, P., & Hampton, A. (2007). An exploration of networking practices of female entrepreneurs. In Female entrepreneurship: implications for education, training and policy (pp. 110–134). New York: Routledge.

McKeown, T. J. (2001). Plans and routines, bureaucratic bargaining, and the Cuban missile crisis. Journal of Politics, 63(4), 1163–1190.CrossRef

McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 415–444.CrossRef

Milroy, J., & Milroy, L. (1993). Mechanisms of change in urban dialects: the role of class, social network and gender. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 3(1), 57–77.CrossRef

Min, P. G., Waldinger, R., Aldrich, H., & Ward, R. (1993). Ethnic entrepreneurs: immigrant business in industrial societies. Newbury Park: Sage.

Moliterno, T. P., & Mahony, D. M. (2011). Network theory of organization: a multilevel approach. Journal of Management, 37(2), 443–467.CrossRef

Morris, M. H., Kuratko, D. F., Schindehutte, M., & Spivack, A. J. (2012). Framing the entrepreneurial experience. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(1), 11–40.CrossRef

Morris, M. H., Neumeyer, X., Jang, Y., & Kuratko, D. F. (2016). Distinguishing types of entrepreneurial ventures: an identity-based perspective. Journal of Small Business Management.

Morris, M. H., Neumeyer, X., & Kuratko, D. F. (2015). A portfolio perspective on entrepreneurship and economic development. Small Business Economics, 45(4), 713–728.CrossRef

Neck, H. M., Meyer, G. D., Cohen, B., & Corbett, A. C. (2004). An entrepreneurial system view of new venture creation. Journal of Small Business Management, 42(2), 190–208.CrossRef

Neergaard, H., Shaw, E., & Carter, S. (2005). The impact of gender, social capital and networks on business ownership: a research agenda. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 11(5), 338–357.CrossRef

Nikolova, M. (1993). Nyakoi demografski spekti na jenskoto predpriemachestvo (Some demographic aspects of women’s entrepreneurship). Problemi na truda, 9, 46–61.

Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. In Culture and politics (pp. 223–234). Springer.

Putnam, R. D., Leonardi, R., & Nanetti, R. Y. (1994). Making democracy work: civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton University Press. Accessed 14 July 2017.

Robinson, J., Blockson, L., & Robinson, S. (2007). Exploring stratification and entrepreneurship: African American women entrepreneurs redefine success in growth ventures. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 613(1), 131–154.CrossRef

Ruef, M. (2002). Strong ties, weak ties and islands: structural and cultural predictors of organizational innovation. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(3), 427–449.CrossRef

Salganik, M. J., & Heckathorn, D. D. (2004). Sampling and estimation in hidden populations using respondent-driven sampling. Sociological Methodology, 34(1), 193–240.CrossRef

Shane, S. A. (2009). Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy. Small Business Economics, 33(2), 141–149.CrossRef

Smallbone, D., & Welter, F. (2001). The distinctiveness of entrepreneurship in transition economies. Small Business Economics, 16(4), 249–262.CrossRef

Spigel, B. (2017). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41, 49–75.CrossRef

Stam, W., Arzlanian, S., & Elfring, T. (2014). Social capital of entrepreneurs and small firm performance: A meta-analysis of contextual and methodological moderators. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 152–173.CrossRef

Stam, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: a sympathetic critique. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1759–1769.CrossRef

Stephan, U., & Uhlaner, L. M. (2010). Performance-based vs socially supportive culture: a cross-national study of descriptive norms and entrepreneurship. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(8), 1347–1364.CrossRef

Teece, D. J. (2012). Dynamic capabilities: routines versus entrepreneurial action. Journal of Management Studies, 49(8), 1395–1401.CrossRef

Tsai, W. (2001). Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 44(5), 996–1004.

Welter, F. (2011). Contextualizing entrepreneurship—conceptual challenges and ways forward. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 165–184.CrossRef

Welter, F., Smallbone, D., Isakova, N., Aculai, E., & Schakirova, N. (2004). Women’s entrepreneurship in Ukraine, Republic of Moldova and Uzbekistan: results of a comparative study. In Access to financing and ITC for women entrepreneurs in the UNECE region: challenges and good practices (pp. 39–52). Geneva: United Nations.

Westlund, H., & Bolton, R. (2003). Local social capital and entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 21(2), 77–113.CrossRef

Whittington, K. B., Owen-Smith, J., & Powell, W. W. (2009). Networks, propinquity, and innovation in knowledge-intensive industries. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54(1), 90–122.CrossRef

Yang, F., Duan, P., Shah, S. L., & Chen, T. (2014). Capturing connectivity and causality in complex industrial processes. Springer Science & Business Media.

Yetim, N. (2008). Social capital in female entrepreneurship. International Sociology, 23(6), 864–885.CrossRef

Titel: Entrepreneurship ecosystems and women entrepreneurs: a social capital and network approach
verfasst von: Xaver Neumeyer
Susana C. Santos
António Caetano
Pamela Kalbfleisch
Publikationsdatum: 09.03.2018
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Small Business Economics / Ausgabe 2/2019
Print ISSN: 0921-898X
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0913
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-9996-5

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2019

Entrepreneurship and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a large-scale study involving the clinical condition of ADHD

The cost of injustice: overall justice, emotional exhaustion, and performance among entrepreneurs: do founders fare better?

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and academic entrepreneurial preference: is there an association?

The efficacy of gender-based federal procurement policies in the United States

Gender-specifics in start-up strategies and the role of the entrepreneurial ecosystem

Entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions and gendered national-level entrepreneurial activity: a 14-year panel study of GEM

Premium Partner