Hybrid energy efficient static routing protocol for homogeneous and heterogeneous large scale WSN

Wireless sensor networks consist of a large number of nodes deployed randomly in an area of interest. Theses nodes have sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. In another hand nodes have energy constraints since they are equipped by non-rechargeable batteries. To handle this issue, routing protocols consist of designing the network in order to collect and transmit data with less energy consumption. In this paper we presented a new Hybrid Energy Efficient Static routing protocol (HEESR), combining between clustering and multi-hop routing techniques. HEESR is dividing the network into several levels. For each round, it creates clusters, route the collected data through gateways called Independent Nodes, elected using a new dynamic approach and introduces Dormant nodes. Finally, the proposed HEESR have improved network’s life time, throughput and other compared metrics, in both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks, and prolonged network’s stability zone up to 98.4% compared to LEACH, 98% compared to DEEC and up to 40.5% compared to SMR.