Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Rare Metals
Erschienen in: Rare Metals 4/2020

01.04.2020

A review and perspective on molybdenum-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction

verfasst von: Wei Hua, Huan-Huan Sun, Fei Xu, Jian-Gan Wang

Erschienen in: Rare Metals | Ausgabe 4/2020

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Water electrolysis has been considered as a sustainable way for producing renewable energy of hydrogen. However, this process requires a low-cost and high-efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst to improve the overall reaction efficiency. Molybdenum (Mo)-based electrocatalysts are regarded as the promising candidates to replace the benchmark but expensive Pt-based HER catalysts, due to their high activity and stability in a wide pH range. In this review, we present a comprehensive and critical summary on the recent progress in the Mo-based electrodes for HER, including molybdenum alloys, molybdenum sulfides, molybdenum selenides, molybdenum carbides, molybdenum phosphides, molybdenum borides, molybdenum nitrides, and molybdenum oxides. Particular attention is mainly focused on the synthetic methods of Mo-based materials, the strategies for increasing the catalytic activity, and the relationship between structure/composition and electrocatalytic performance. Finally, the future development and perspectives of Mo-based electrocatalysts toward high HER performance are proposed.

Graphic abstract

Vorheriger Artikel Electrochemical mechanism of high Na-content P2-type layered oxides for sodium-ion batteries
Nächster Artikel Low-thermal-conductivity thermal barrier coatings with a multi-scale pore design and sintering resistance following thermal exposure

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Literatur
[1]
Seh ZW, Kibsgaard J, Dickens CF, Chorkendorff I, Nørskov JK, Jaramillo TF. Combining theory and experiment in electrocatalysis: insights into materials design. Science. 2017;355(6321):eaad4998.
[2]
Yang C, Gao K, Zhang X, Sun Z, Zhang T. Rechargeable solid-state Li-air batteries: a status report. Rare Met. 2018;37(6):459.
[3]
[4]
Wang Y, Kong B, Zhao D, Wang H, Selomulya C. Strategies for developing transition metal phosphides as heterogeneous electrocatalysts for water splitting. Nano Today. 2017;15:26.
[5]
Shi Y, Zhang B. Recent advances in transition metal phosphide nanomaterials: synthesis and applications in hydrogen evolution reaction. Chem Soc Rev. 2016;45(6):1529.
[6]
Zou X, Zhang Y. Noble metal-free hydrogen evolution catalysts for water splitting. Chem Soc Rev. 2015;44(15):5148.
[7]
Chia X, Eng AYS, Ambrosi A, Tan SM, Pumera M. Electrochemistry of nanostructured layered transition-metal dichalcogenides. Chem Rev. 2015;115(21):11941.
[8]
Geng X, Zhang Y, Han Y, Li J, Yang L, Benamara M, Chen L, Zhu H. Two-dimensional water-coupled metallic MoS2 with nanochannels for ultrafast supercapacitors. Nano Lett. 2017;17(3):1825.
[9]
Lin L, Zhou W, Gao R, Yao S, Zhang X, Xu W, Zheng S, Jiang Z, Yu Q, Li YW, Shi C, Wen XD, Ma D. Low-temperature hydrogen production from water and methanol using Pt/α-MoC catalysts. Nature. 2017;544(7648):80.
[10]
Liu Q, Wang W, Yang Y, Liu X, Xu S. Recovery and regeneration of Al2O3 with a high specific surface area from spent hydrodesulfurization catalyst CoMo/Al2O3. Rare Met. 2019;38(1):1.
[11]
Sun HH, Wang JG, Zhang Y, Hua W, Li YY, Liu HY. Ultrafast lithium energy storage enabled by interfacial construction of interlayer-expanded MoS2/N-doped carbon nanowires. J Mater Chem A. 2018;6(27):13419.
[12]
He J, Li P, Lv W, Wen K, Chen Y, Zhang W, Li Y, Qin W, He W. Three-dimensional hierarchically structured aerogels constructed with layered MoS2/graphene nanosheets as free-standing anodes for high-performance lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta. 2016;215:12.
[13]
He J, Hartmann G, Lee M, Hwang GS, Chen Y, Manthiram A. Freestanding 1T MoS2/graphene heterostructures as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for lithium polysulfides in Li–S batteries. Energy Environ Sci. 2019;12(1):344.
[14]
Yu B, Chen Y, Wang Z, Chen D, Wang X, Zhang W, He J, He W. 1T-MoS2 nanotubes wrapped with N-doped graphene as highly-efficient absorbent and electrocatalyst for Li–S batteries. J Power Sour. 2020;447:227364.
[15]
Yu B, Yang D, Hu Y, He J, Chen Y, He W. Mo2C nanodots anchored on N-doped porous CNT microspheres as electrode for efficient Li-ion storage. Small Methods. 2019;3(2):1800287.
[16]
Jaramillo TF, Jørgensen KP, Bonde J, Nielsen JH, Horch S, Chorkendorff I. Identification of active edge sites for electrochemical H2 evolution from MoS2 nanocatalysts. Science. 2007;317(5834):100.
[17]
Brown DE, Mahmood MN, Man MCM, Turner AK. Preparation and characterization of low overvoltage transition metal alloy electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution in alkaline solutions. Electrochim Acta. 1984;29(11):1551.
[18]
Fang M, Gao W, Dong G, Xia Z, Yip S, Qin Y, Qu Y, Ho JC. Hierarchical NiMo-based 3D electrocatalysts for highly-efficient hydrogen evolution in alkaline conditions. Nano Energy. 2016;27:247.
[19]
Zhang J, Wang T, Liu P, Liao Z, Liu S, Zhuang X, Chen M, Zschech E, Feng X. Efficient hydrogen production on MoNi4 electrocatalysts with fast water dissociation kinetics. Nat Commun. 2017;8(1):15437.
[20]
Qi F, Li P, Chen Y, Zheng B, Liu X, Lan F, Lai Z, Xu Y, Liu J, Zhou J, He J, Zhang W. Effect of hydrogen on the growth of MoS2 thin layers by thermal decomposition method. Vacuum. 2015;119:204.
[21]
Hinnemann B, Moses PG, Bonde J, Jørgensen KP, Nielsen JH, Horch S, Chorkendorff I, Nørskov JK. Biomimetic hydrogen evolution: MoS2 nanoparticles as catalyst for hydrogen evolution. J Am Chem Soc. 2005;127(15):5308.
[22]
Kibsgaard J, Chen Z, Reinecke BN, Jaramillo TF. Engineering the surface structure of MoS2 to preferentially expose active edge sites for electrocatalysis. Nat Mater. 2012;11(11):963.
[23]
Xie J, Zhang H, Li S, Wang R, Sun X, Zhou M, Zhou J, Lou XW, Xie Y. Defect-rich MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets with additional active edge sites for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Adv Mater. 2013;25(40):5807.
[24]
Lukowski MA, Daniel AS, Meng F, Forticaux A, Li L, Jin S. Enhanced hydrogen evolution catalysis from chemically exfoliated metallic MoS2 nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc. 2013;135(28):10274.
[25]
Voiry D, Salehi M, Silva R, Fujita T, Chen M, Asefa T, Shenoy VB, Eda G, Chhowalla M. Conducting MoS2 nanosheets as catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Nano Lett. 2013;13(12):6222.
[26]
Bonde J, Moses PG, Jaramillo TF, Nørskovb JK, Chorkendorff I. Hydrogen evolution on nano-particulate transition metal sulfide. Faraday Discuss. 2008;140:9.
[27]
Tsai C, Chan K, Nørskov JK, Abild-Pedersen F. Rational design of MoS2 catalysts: tuning the structure and activity via transition metal doping. Catal Sci Technol. 2015;5(1):246.
[28]
Sun X, Dai J, Guo Y, Wu C, Hu F, Zhao J, Zeng X, Xie Y. Semimetallic molybdenum disulfide ultrathin nanosheets as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. Nanoscale. 2014;6(14):8359.
[29]
Xie J, Zhang J, Li S, Grote F, Zhang X, Zhang H, Wang R, Lei Y, Pan B, Xie Y. Controllable disorder engineering in oxygen-incorporated MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets for efficient hydrogen evolution. J Am Chem Soc. 2013;135(47):17881.
[30]
Yan Y, Ge X, Liu Z, Wang JY, Lee JM, Wang X. Facile synthesis of low crystalline MoS2 nanosheet-coated CNTs for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction. Nanoscale. 2013;5(17):7768.
[31]
Zhu H, Du M, Zhang M, Zou M, Yang T, Fu Y, Yao J. The design and construction of 3D rose-petal-shaped MoS2 hierarchical nanostructures with structure-sensitive properties. J Mater Chem A. 2014;2(21):7680.
[32]
Zheng X, Xu J, Yan K, Wang H, Wang Z, Yang S. Space-confined growth of MoS2 nanosheets within graphite: the layered hybrid of MoS2 and graphene as an active catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Chem Mater. 2014;26(7):2344.
[33]
Bian X, Zhu J, Liao L, Scanlon MD, Ge P, Ji C, Girault HH, Liu B. Nanocomposite of MoS2 on ordered mesoporous carbon nanospheres: a highly active catalyst for electrochemical hydrogen evolution. Electrochim Commun. 2012;22:128.
[34]
Ma CB, Qi X, Chen B, Bao S, Yin Z, Wu XJ, Luo Z, Wei J, Zhang HL, Zhang H. MoS2 nanoflower-decorated reduced graphene oxide paper for high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction. Nanoscale. 2014;6(11):5624.
[35]
Yan Y, Xia BY, Li N, Xu Z, Fisher A, Wang X. Vertically oriented MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets directly grown on carbon cloth as efficient and stable 3-dimensional hydrogen-evolving cathodes. J Mater Chem A. 2015;3(1):131.
[36]
Wang H, Lu Z, Kong D, Sun J, Hymel TM, Cui Y. Electrochemical tuning of MoS2 nanoparticles on three-dimensional substrate for efficient hydrogen evolution. ACS Nano. 2014;8(5):4940.
[37]
Zhang J, Wang T, Liu P, Liu S, Dong R, Zhuang X, Chen M, Feng X. Engineering water dissociation sites in MoS2 nanosheets for accelerated electrocatalytic hydrogen production. Energy Environ Sci. 2016;9(9):2789.
[38]
Zang Y, Niu S, Wu Y, Zheng X, Cai J, Ye J, Xie Y, Liu Y, Zhou J, Zhu J, Liu X, Wang G, Qian Y. Tuning orbital orientation endows molybdenum disulfide with exceptional alkaline hydrogen evolution capability. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):1217.
[39]
Zhang B, Liu J, Wang J, Ruan Y, Ji X, Xu K, Chen C, Wan H, Miao L, Jiang J. Interface engineering: the Ni(OH)2/MoS2 heterostructure for highly efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution. Nano Energy. 2017;37:74.
[40]
Zhang J, Wang T, Pohl D, Rellinghaus B, Dong R, Liu S, Zhuang X, Feng X. Interface engineering of MoS2/Ni3S2 heterostructures for highly enhanced electrochemical overall-water-splitting activity. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2016;55(23):6701.
[41]
Tsai C, Chan K, Abild-Pedersen F, Norskov JK. Active edge sites in MoSe2 and WSe2 catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction: a density functional study. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2014;16(26):13156.
[42]
Kong D, Wang H, Cha J, Pasta M, Koski K, Yao J, Cui Y. Synthesis of MoS2 and MoSe2 films with vertically aligned layers. Nano Lett. 2013;13(3):1341.
[43]
Xu C, Peng S, Tan C, Ang H, Tan H, Zhang H, Yan Q. Ultrathin S-doped MoSe2 nanosheets for efficient hydrogen evolution. J Mater Chem A. 2014;2(16):5597.
[44]
Gong Q, Cheng L, Liu C, Zhang M, Feng Q, Ye H, Zeng M, Xie L, Liu Z, Li Y. Ultrathin MoS2(1−x)Se2x alloy nanoflakes for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. ACS Catal. 2015;5(4):2213.
[45]
Yin Y, Zhang Y, Gao T, Yao T, Zhang X, Han J, Wang X, Zhang Z, Xu P, Zhang P, Cao X, Song B, Jin S. Synergistic phase and disorder engineering in 1T-MoSe2 nanosheets for enhanced hydrogen-evolution reaction. Adv Mater. 2017;29(28):1700311.
[46]
Zhao G, Wang X, Wang S, Rui K, Chen Y, Yu H, Ma J, Dou SX, Sun W. Heteroatom-doped MoSe2 nanosheets with enhanced hydrogen evolution kinetics for alkaline water splitting. Chem Asian J. 2019;14(2):301.
[47]
Zhao G, Li P, Rui K, Chen Y, Dou SX, Sun W. CoSe2/MoSe2 heterostructures with enriched water adsorption/dissociation sites towards enhanced alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction. Chem Eur J. 2018;24(43):11158.
[48]
Vrubel H, Hu X. Molybdenum boride and carbide catalyze hydrogen evolution in both acidic and basic solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2012;51(51):12703.
[49]
Liao L, Wang S, Xiao J, Bian X, Zhang Y, Scanlon MD, Hu X, Tang Y, Liu B, Girault HH. A nanoporous molybdenum carbide nanowire as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Energy Environ Sci. 2014;7(1):387.
[50]
Chen YY, Zhang Y, Jiang WJ, Zhang X, Dai Z, Wan LJ, Hu JS. Pomegranate-like N, P-doped Mo2C@C nanospheres as highly active electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution. ACS Nano. 2016;10(9):8851.
[51]
Huang Y, Gong Q, Song X, Feng K, Nie K, Zhao F, Wang Y, Zeng M, Zhong J, Li Y. Mo2C nanoparticles dispersed on hierarchical carbon microflowers for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. ACS Nano. 2016;10(12):11337.
[52]
Wu HB, Xia BY, Yu L, Yu XY, Lou XW. Porous molybdenum carbide nano-octahedrons synthesized via confined carburization in metal-organic frameworks for efficient hydrogen production. Nat Commun. 2015;6(1):6512.
[53]
Wan C, Regmi YN, Leonard BM. Multiple phases of molybdenum carbide as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2014;53(25):6407.
[54]
Lin H, Liu N, Shi Z, Guo Y, Tang Y, Gao Q. Cobalt-doping in molybdenum-carbide nanowires toward efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Adv Funct Mater. 2016;26(31):5590.
[55]
Lin H, Shi Z, He S, Yu X, Wang S, Gao Q, Tang Y. Heteronanowires of MoC-Mo2C as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Chem Sci. 2016;7(5):3399.
[56]
Prins R, Bussell ME. Metal phosphides: preparation, characterization and catalytic reactivity. Catal Lett. 2012;142(12):1413.
[57]
Xiao P, Sk MA, Thia L, Ge X, Lim RJ, Wang JY, Lim KH, Wang X. Molybdenum phosphide as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Energy Environ Sci. 2014;7(8):2624.
[58]
Xing Z, Liu Q, Asiri AM, Sun X. Closely interconnected network of molybdenum phosphide nanoparticles: a highly efficient electrocatalyst for generating hydrogen from water. Adv Mater. 2014;26(32):5702.
[59]
Yang J, Zhang F, Wang X, He D, Wu G, Yang Q, Hong X, Wu Y, Li Y. Porous molybdenum phosphide nano-octahedrons derived from confined phosphorization in UIO-66 for efficient hydrogen evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2016;55(41):12854.
[60]
Zhang X, Zhou F, Pan W, Liang Y, Wang R. General construction of molybdenum-based nanowire arrays for pH-universal hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis. Adv Funct Mater. 2018;28(43):1804600.
[61]
Park H, Encinas A, Scheifers JP, Zhang Y, Fokwa BPT. Boron-dependency of molybdenum boride electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2017;56(20):5575.
[62]
Park H, Zhang Y, Scheifers JP, Jothi PR, Encinas A, Fokwa BPT. Graphene- and phosphorene-like boron layers with contrasting activities in highly active Mo2B4 for hydrogen evolution. J Am Chem Soc. 2017;139(37):12915.
[63]
Zhuang Z, Li Y, Li Z, Lv F, Lang Z, Zhao K, Zhou L, Moskaleva L, Guo S, Mai L. MoB/g-C3N4 interface materials as a schottky catalyst to boost hydrogen evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2018;57(2):496.
[64]
Chen WF, Sasaki K, Ma C, Frenkel AI, Marinkovic N, Muckerman JT, Zhu Y, Adzic RR. Hydrogen-evolution catalysts based on non-noble metal nickel-molybdenum nitride nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2012;51(25):6131.
[65]
Xie J, Li S, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wang R, Zhang H, Pan B, Xie Y. Atomically-thin molybdenum nitride nanosheets with exposed active surface sites for efficient hydrogen evolution. Chem Sci. 2014;5(12):4615.
[66]
Xiong J, Cai W, Shi W, Zhang X, Li J, Yang Z, Feng L, Cheng H. Salt-templated synthesis of defect-rich MoN nanosheets for boosted hydrogen evolution reaction. J Mater Chem A. 2017;5(46):24193.
[67]
Cao B, Veith GM, Neuefeind JC, Adzic RR, Khalifah PG. Mixed close-packed cobalt molybdenum nitrides as non-noble metal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction. J Am Chem Soc. 2013;135(51):19186.
[68]
Chang B, Yang J, Shao Y, Zhang L, Fan W, Huang B, Wu Y, Hao X. Bimetallic NiMoN nanowires with preferential reactive facet: an ultra-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. Chemsuschem. 2018;11(18):3198.
[69]
Li X, Jiang Y, Jia L, Wang C. MoO2 nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide/polyimide-carbon nanotube film as efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst. J Power Sour. 2016;304:146.
[70]
Wu L, Wang X, Sun Y, Liu Y, Li J. Flawed MoO2 belts transformed from MoO3 on a graphene template for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Nanoscale. 2015;7(16):7040.
[71]
Jin Y, Shen PK. Nanoflower-like metallic conductive MoO2 as a high-performance non-precious metal electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. J Mater Chem A. 2015;3(40):20080.
[72]
Jin Y, Wang H, Li J, Yue X, Han Y, Shen PK, Cui Y. Porous MoO2 nanosheets as non-noble bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Adv Mater. 2016;28(19):3785.
[73]
Ren B, Li D, Jin Q, Cui H, Wang C. Integrated 3D self-supported Ni decorated MoO2 nanowires as highly efficient electrocatalysts for ultra-highly stable and large-current-density hydrogen evolution. J Mater Chem A. 2017;5(46):24453.
[74]
Xie X, Yu R, Xue N, Bin Yousaf A, Du H, Liang K, Jiang N, Xu AW. P doped molybdenum dioxide on Mo foil with high electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction. J Mater Chem A. 2016;4(5):1647.
[75]
Xu B, Sun Y, Chen Z, Zhao S, Yang X, Zhang H, Li C. Facile and large-scale preparation of Co/Ni-MoO2 composite as high-performance electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Int J Hydrog Energy. 2018;43(45):20721.
[76]
Ou Y, Tian W, Liu L, Zhang Y, Xiao P. Bimetallic Co2Mo3O8 suboxides coupled with conductive cobalt nanowires for efficient and durable hydrogen evolution in alkaline electrolyte. J Mater Chem A. 2018;6(12):5217.
[77]
Hua W, Liu H, Wang JG, Wei B. Self-supported Ni(P, O)x·MoOx nanowire array on nickel foam as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for alkaline hydrogen evolution. Nanomaterials. 2017;7(12):433.
Metadaten
Titel
A review and perspective on molybdenum-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction
verfasst von
Wei Hua
Huan-Huan Sun
Fei Xu
Jian-Gan Wang
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2020
Verlag
Nonferrous Metals Society of China
Erschienen in
Rare Metals / Ausgabe 4/2020
Print ISSN: 1001-0521
Elektronische ISSN: 1867-7185
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-020-01384-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2020

Rare Metals 4/2020 Zur Ausgabe

OriginalPaper

Absence of superconductivity in Nd0.8Sr0.2NiOx thin films without chemical reduction

OriginalPaper

Microstructure and wear behavior of AA6061/SiC surface composite fabricated via friction stir processing with different pins and passes

OriginalPaper

Transient liquid-phase bonding of superalloy K465 using a Ni–Cr–Fe–B–Si amorphous interlayer alloy

OriginalPaper

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti44Al6Nb alloys with different cerium contents

Highlight

Electrochemical mechanism of high Na-content P2-type layered oxides for sodium-ion batteries

OriginalPaper

Corrosion behavior of laser-clad coatings fabricated on Ti6Al4V with different contents of TaC addition

Premium Partner

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen. 

    Zur Marktübersicht
    Bildnachweise