nach oben

Sexuality Research and Social Policy

Erschienen in:

09.03.2021

The Impact of Sexual Minority Stigma on Depression: the Roles of Resilience and Family Support

verfasst von: Yixuan Wang, Chao Kei Lao, Qiang Wang, Guangyu Zhou

Erschienen in: Sexuality Research and Social Policy | Ausgabe 2/2022

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Introduction

Compared with heterosexual individuals, sexual minorities who experienced sexual minority stigma had greater risks for psychopathology. Drawn from the psychological mediation framework, this study focused on the psychological mechanisms of resilience and family support through which sexual minority stigma affected depressive symptoms among sexual minorities in China.

Methods

In 2019, 301 LGBTQ individuals (10.78% lesbian, 56.21% gay, 21.24% bisexual, 20.93% others; 66.11% males, 25.91% females, 7.97% others) aged between 18 and 42 participated in an online survey in China. The survey assessed their minority stress, resilience, family support, and depressive symptoms. Data were analyzed using path analysis.

Results

Sexual minority stigma was negatively related to resilience and family support while positively related to depression. Resilience and family support were negatively associated with depression. Path analysis indicated that resilience and family support mediated the relationship between sexual minority stigma and depression.

Conclusions

The findings revealed the underlying mechanisms of how sexual minority stigma developed into depression. Both resilience and family support mediated the relationship between sexual minority stigma and depression. Future interventions could target both factors to alleviate the negative impact of sexual minority stigma on the mental health of Chinese sexual minorities.

Policy Implications

More interventions are needed to address mental health disparities in Chinese LGBTQ individuals who suffered from sexual minority stigma. Building up resilience of and cultivating family support for sexual minorities should be prioritized in the implementation of social policies in accordance with the Healthy China 2030 agenda.

Vorheriger Artikel Sexual Intercourse Initiation and Adolescent Behaviors of Youth Living with Perinatal HIV Infection in Thailand

Nächster Artikel “Your Rights End Where Mine Begin”: a Mixed-Methods Study of Moral Foundations Theory and Support for Bathroom Bills

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Campbell-Sills, L., & Stein, M. B. (2007). Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor–Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(6), 1019–1028. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20271CrossRefPubMed

Canty-Mitchell, J., & Zimet, G. D. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in urban adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28(3), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005109522457CrossRefPubMed

Chan, R. C. H., & Mak, W. W. S. (2019). Cognitive, regulatory, and interpersonal mechanisms of HIV stigma on the mental and social health of men who have sex with men living with HIV. American Journal of Men’s Health, 13(5), 1557988319873778–1557988319873778. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988319873778CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Choi, K. H., Steward, W. T., Miège, P., Hudes, E., & Gregorich, S. E. (2016). Sexual stigma, coping styles, and psychological distress: A longitudinal study of men who have sex with men in Beijing China. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(6), 1483–1491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0640-z.CrossRefPubMed

Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., Ridder, E. M., & Beautrais, A. L. (2005). Sexual orientation and mental health in a birth cohort of young adults. Psychological Medicine, 35(7), 971–981. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704004222CrossRefPubMed

Fritz, M. S., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2007). Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychological Science, 18(3), 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.xCrossRefPubMed

Grant, K. E., Compas, B. E., Stuhlmacher, A. F., Thurm, A. E., McMahon, S. D., & Halpert, J. A. (2003). Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: Moving from markers to mechanisms of risk. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3), 447–466. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.447CrossRefPubMed

Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2009). How does sexual minority stigma “get under the skin”? A psychological mediation framework. Psychological Bulletin, 135(5), 707–730. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016441CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hayes, A. F. (2013). Methodology in the social sciences.Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.

Hu, X., Wang, Y., & Wu, C. H. (2013). Acceptance concern and life satisfaction for Chinese LGBs: The mediating role of self-concealment. Social Indicators Research, 114(2), 687–701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0168-8.CrossRef

Joyce, S., Shand, F., Tighe, J., Laurent, S. J., Bryant, R. A., & Harvey, S. B. (2018). Road to resilience: A systematic review and meta-analysis of resilience training programmes and interventions. BMJ Open, 8(6), e017858. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017858CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kang, X., Fang, Y., Li, S., Liu, Y., Zhao, D., Feng, X., & Li, P. (2018). The benefits of indirect exposure to trauma: The relationships among vicarious posttraumatic growth, social support, and resilience in ambulance personnel in China. Psychiatry Investigation, 15(5), 452–459. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2017.11.08.1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

King, S. D., & Richardson, V. E. (2017). Mental health for older LGBT Adults. Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 37(1), 59–75.

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.xCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kwok, D. K., & Wu, J. (2015). Chinese attitudes towards sexual minorities in Hong Kong: Implications for mental health. International Review of Psychiatry, 27(5), 444–454. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1083950CrossRefPubMed

Lewis, R. J., Derlega, V. J., Griffin, J. L., & Krowinski, A. C. (2003). Stressors for gay men and lesbians: Life stress, gay-related stress stigma consciousness, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 22(6), 716–729. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.22.6.716.22932CrossRef

Lick, D. J., Durso, L. E., & Johnson, K. L. (2013). Minority stress and physical health among sexual minorities. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(5), 521–548. CrossRefPubMed

Lin, K., Button, D. M., Su, M., & Chen, S. (2016). Chinese college students’ attitudes toward homosexuality: Exploring the effects of traditional culture and modernizing factors. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 13(2), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-016-0223-3CrossRef

Liu, Y., Jiang, C., Li, S., Gu, Y., Zhou, Y., An, X., & Pan, G. (2018). Association of recent gay-related stressful events with depressive symptoms in Chinese men who have sex with men. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 217–217. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1787-7CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Logie, C. H., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Wang, Y., Levermore, K., Jones, N., Ellis, T., & Grace, D. (2020). Adapting the psychological mediation framework for cisgender and transgender sexual minorities in Jamaica: Implications from latent versus observed variable approaches to sexual stigma. Social Science & Medicine, 245, 112663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112663CrossRef

Logie, C. H., Newman, P. A., Chakrapani, V., & Shunmugam, M. (2012). Adapting the minority stress model: Associations between gender non-conformity stigma, HIV-related stigma and depression among men who have sex with men in South India. Social Science & Medicine, 74(8), 1261–1268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.01.008CrossRef

Lucassen, M. F., Stasiak, K., Samra, R., Frampton, C. M., & Merry, S. N. (2017). Sexual minority youth and depressive symptoms or depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 51(8), 774–787. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867417713664CrossRefPubMed

Masten, A. S. (2007). Resilience in developing systems: Progress and promise as the fourth wave rises. Development and Psychopathology, 19(3), 921–930. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579407000442CrossRefPubMed

McConnell, E. A., Janulis, P., Phillips, G., II., Truong, R., & Birkett, M. (2018). Multiple minority stress and LGBT community resilience among sexual minority men. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 5(1), 1. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Meyer, I. H. (2015). Resilience in the study of minority stress and health of sexual and gender minorities. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(3), 209–213. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000132CrossRef

Pan, X., Li, R., Ma, Q., Wang, H., Jiang, T., He, L., . . . Xia, S. (2018). Sexual risk behaviour, sexual victimisation, substance use and other factors related to depression in men who have sex with men in Wenzhou, China: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 8(4), bmjopen-2016-013512. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013512

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. CrossRefPubMed

Ryan, C. (2010). Engaging families to support lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth: The family acceptance project. Prevention Researcher, 17(4), 11.

Ryan, C., Russell, S. T., Huebner, D., Diaz, R., & Sanchez, J. (2010). Family acceptance in adolescence and the health of LGBT young adults. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 23(4), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00246.xCrossRefPubMed

Salvati, M., Pistella, J., Ioverno, S., Laghi, F., & Baiocco, R. (2018). Coming out to siblings and internalized sexual stigma: The moderating role of gender in a sample of Italian participants. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 14(5), 405–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2017.1369916CrossRef

Sandfort, T. G. M., Bakker, F., Schellevis, F. G., & Vanwesenbeeck, I. (2006). Sexual orientation and mental and physical health status: Findings from a Dutch population survey. American Journal of Public Health, 96(6), 1119–1125. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.058891CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Scandurra C, Amodeo AL, Valerio P, Bochicchio V, Frost DM. (2017). Minority stress, resilience, and mental health: a study of Italian transgender people. Journal of Socical Issues, 73(3), 563–85.

Shao, J., Chang, E. S., & Chen, C. (2018). The relative importance of parent-child dynamics and minority stress on the psychological adjustment of LGBs in China. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(5), 598–604. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000281CrossRefPubMed

Snapp, S. D., Watson, R. J., Russell, S. T., Diaz, R. M., & Ryan, C. (2015). Social support networks for LGBT young adults: Low cost strategies for positive adjustment. Family Relations, 64(3), 420–430. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12124CrossRef

Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Group, a. t. P. H. Q. P. C. S. (1999). Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ primary care study. Primary care evaluation of mental disorders. Patient Health Questionnaire. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282(18), 1737-1744. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.18.1737

Stallard, P., & Buck, R. (2013). Preventing depression and promoting resilience: Feasibility study of a school-based cognitive-behavioural intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(54), s18–s23. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.119172CrossRef

Steinhardt, M., & Dolbier, C. (2008). Evaluation of a resilience intervention to enhance coping strategies and protective factors and decrease symptomatology. Journal of American College Health, 56(4), 445–453. https://doi.org/10.3200/JACH.56.44.445-454CrossRefPubMed

Su, X., Zhou, A. N., Li, J., Shi, L.-E., Huan, X., Yan, H., & Wei, C. (2018). Depression, loneliness, and sexual risk-taking among HIV-negative/unknown men who have sex with men in China. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47(7), 1959–1968. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-1061-yCrossRefPubMed

Tan, X., Liu, X., & Shao, H. (2017). Healthy China 2030: A vision for health care. Value in Health Regional Issues, 12, 112. CrossRefPubMed

Thaker, J., Dutta, M., Nair, V., & Rao, V. P. (2018). The interplay between stigma, collective efficacy, and advocacy communication among men who have sex with men and transgender females. Journal of Health Communication, 23(7), 614–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2018.1499833CrossRefPubMed

Wang, L., Shi, Z., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2010). Psychometric properties of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in Chinese earthquake victims. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 64(5), 499–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02130.xCrossRefPubMed

Wang, W., Bian, Q., Zhao, Y., Li, X., Wang, W., Du, J., & Zhao, M. (2014). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population. General Hospital Psychiatry, 36(5), 539–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.05.021CrossRefPubMed

Wang, Y., Hu, Z., Peng, K., Xin, Y., Yang, Y., Drescher, J., & Chen, R. (2019). Discrimination against LGBT populations in China. The Lancet Public Health, 4(9), e440–e441. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30153-7CrossRefPubMed

Wei, C., & Liu, W. (2019). Coming out in Mainland China: A national survey of LGBTQ students. Journal of LGBT Youth, 16(2), 192–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2019.1565795CrossRef

White Hughto, J. M., Reisner, S. L., & Pachankis, J. E. (2015). Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions. Social Science & Medicine, 1982(147), 222–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.010CrossRef

Xu, W., Zheng, L., Xu, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2017). Internalized homophobia, mental health, sexual behaviors, and outness of gay/bisexual men from Southwest China. International Journal for Equity in Health, 16(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-017-0530-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yan, H., Li, X., Li, J., Wang, W., Yang, Y., Yao, X., & Li, S. (2019). Association between perceived HIV stigma, social support, resilience, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nanjing China. AIDS Care, 31(9), 1069–1076. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2019.1601677CrossRefPubMed

Yang, J. P., Simoni, J. M., Dorsey, S., Lin, Z., Sun, M., Bao, M., & Lu, H. (2018). Reducing distress and promoting resilience: a preliminary trial of a CBT skills intervention among recently HIV-diagnosed MSM in China. AIDS Care, 30(sup5), S39-s48. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1497768CrossRefPubMed

Yeh, K.-H., & Bedford, O. (2003). A test of the dual filial piety model. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 6(3), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-839X.2003.00122.xCrossRef

Yu, X., Lau, J. T. F., Mak, W. W. S., Zhang, J., & Lui, W. W. S. (2011). Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale among Chinese adolescents. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 52(2), 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.05.010CrossRefPubMed

Yu, X., Tam, W. W. S., Wong, P. T. K., Lam, T. H., & Stewart, S. M. (2012). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for measuring depressive symptoms among the general population in Hong Kong. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53(1), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.11.002CrossRefPubMed

Zhang, Y. L., Liang, W., Chen, Z. M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. H., Weng, X. Q., & Zhang, Y. L. (2013). Validity and reliability of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 to screen for depression among college students in China. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 5(4), 268–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.12103CrossRefPubMed

Zheng, L., Hart, T. A., Noor, S. W., & Wen, G. (2020). Stressors based on sexual orientation and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals in China: Minority stress and perceived pressure to get married. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(5), 1769–1782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01693-zCrossRefPubMed

Zhou, K., Li, H., Wei, X., Yin, J., Liang, P., Zhang, H., & Zhuang, G. (2015). Reliability and validity of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support in Chinese mainland patients with methadone maintenance treatment. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 60, 182–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.03.007CrossRefPubMed

Titel: The Impact of Sexual Minority Stigma on Depression: the Roles of Resilience and Family Support
verfasst von: Yixuan Wang
Chao Kei Lao
Qiang Wang
Guangyu Zhou
Publikationsdatum: 09.03.2021
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Sexuality Research and Social Policy / Ausgabe 2/2022
Print ISSN: 1868-9884
Elektronische ISSN: 1553-6610
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-021-00558-x

Springer Professional

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Policy Implications

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2022

Do Adolescents and Young Adults Learn About Condoms from Healthcare Providers? Findings from a US Probability Sample

Exploring Attitudes About the Legality of Self-Managed Abortion in the US: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey

What Do Young, Canadian, Straight and LGBTQ Men and Women Learn About Sex and from Whom?

You, Me, and Them: Understanding Employees’ Use of Trans-Affirming Language within the Workplace

Pioneer Legislation on Second Order of Sexual Harassment: Sociolegal Innovation in Addressing Sexual Harassment

Evidence for Hope?: Mississippi Christians’ Views Toward Gay and Lesbian Equality Post Obergefell v. Hodges