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2018 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Public Policy in the 'Asian Century'

Concepts, Cases and Futures

herausgegeben von: Dr. Sara Bice, Avery Poole, Prof. Helen Sullivan

Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan UK

Buchreihe : International Series on Public Policy

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This volume explores the defining features, critical approaches, challenges and opportunities for public policy in the ‘Asian Century’. This is the first book to systematically analyse the key institutions and practices that comprise public policy, administration and governance to investigate how they are changing in the context of increasing Asian influence. Its authors argue that the Asian Century holds the potential to generate a paradigm shift equivalent to the impacts of neo-liberalism and the New Public Management of the late 20th century.
Divided into three parts, this volume interrogates the theories underpinning contemporary public policy; explores case studies from different policy arenas across the Asian region; and imagines what a future of globalised public policy might look like. It examines the implementation measures necessary to support policy and administration in an era of transnational governance networks, tightly linked economic markets and progressively fluid cultural exchanges. This book provides the concepts and tools necessary to navigate these shifting sands successfully. It is essential reading for scholars of public policy, public management, international relations, and politics and social sciences, as well as for administrators and public servants.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
The rise of Asia will be a defining feature of the twenty-first century. Over the coming decades the policy and governance decisions taken by non-Western nations will have greater impact and influence beyond their borders. Likewise, Western policy decisions will have unprecedented reach into other nations and cultures. This book reflects on how we define public policy, administration, and governance; what public policy entails; and how it is managed, analysed and implemented, in light of the ascendance of Asia. Our contributors initiate a much-needed dialogue about the changing nature of the creation, administration and analysis of public policy. This chapter introduces the concepts, cases and futures that interrogate what it means to develop, implement and analyse public policy in the globalised context of the Asian Century.
Sara Bice, Avery Poole, Helen Sullivan
Chapter 2. Beyond the Western Paradigm: Confucian Public Administration
Abstract
If there are different paradigms of public administration (PA), then there is not one global best PA, but what we refer to as “global” PA is actually Western PA. The other side of the coin, Non-Western PA (NWPA), is outlined in this chapter. NWPA’s strongest protagonist, Confucian Public Administration, is more closely examined, both historically and in contemporary context. The chapter focuses on Mainland China, but also reviews other Confucian systems, including Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea, Vietnam and the somewhat problematic case of Japan. The chapter shows that, although institutional Confucian public administration is less ubiquitous than Confucian values, it is ultimately substantive enough to support NWPA. The Chapter demonstrates how recognition of NWPA can contribute to the capacity to establish “good” public administration in various other regions of the globe.
Wolfgang Drechsler
Chapter 3. Rethinking Public Governance in the Asian Century: Grand Discourse Vs. Actual Reality
Abstract
In the past, comparative studies on Asia were broadly focused on Asian civilizations, politics, and cultures. However, the current surge of Asian studies is largely due to the recent rise of Asian power in the global economy, constituting almost an Asia-centric world order defined often as the “Asian Century”. For this unprecedented Asian economic progress, the unique formation of Asian public governance has allegedly played a crucial role. Such a perspective has serious implications for the field of public policy and administration in exploring the developmental role of Asian public governance and its imperatives for rethinking public governance worldwide. In exploring these concerns, this chapter unbundles the grand Asian Century debate, examines the claims made about Asia’s phenomenal economic development, and evaluates the consequences of the development model for the Asian Century.
M. Shamsul Haque
Chapter 4. Weber and Confucius in East Asia: The Great Experiment
Abstract
As Korea and China have risen as economic powers, scholars from those countries often write about areas of administration considered important by the nations’ political elite. A rise in interest, especially within China, of Confucian approaches to management and perceived conflicts with “Western” approaches mirrors a generational tension between traditional Maoists, and their rejection of Confucian proclivities, and a rising intellectual class, drawn to older indigenous schools of thought. Korea, however, offers Weberian administrative approaches in the classrooms of elite universities, but the administrative culture is strongly influenced by neo-Confucian norms. A comparison of Weber’s outline of ideal types of authority, especially legal-rational, and the logic of “Confucian administrative systems” offers insight into the areas of conflict and highlights the logics of counterpoints to Weber. This approach offers propositions for policy practices in East Asia that attempt to incorporate both East and West.
Jill L. Tao
Chapter 5. Disciplining Democracy: Explaining the Rhythms of Myanmar’s First Hluttaw, 2011–2016
Abstract
Myanmar’s first Hluttaw (Administrative Assembly, which ran from 2011 to 2016) proved that transitions from military dictatorship to new forms of government can occur rapidly, and unexpectedly. The formation of its new legislative culture introduced significant changes to Myanmar society. It also showcased a deliberate effort to evoke earlier systems of power in Myanmar society, especially those with monarchical or socialist designations. Future legislative cultures will likely draw on a similar array of cultural concepts, especially where they are rooted in Myanmar’s dominant Theravada Buddhist heritage. The first Hluttaw therefore offered a glimpse of the potential for Myanmar to create its own form of representative democracy, with a robust legislative culture and an awareness that unelected elites may one day take a lesser role in the country’s government.
Nicholas Farrelly, Chit Win
Chapter 6. Science and Technology Policy in the Asian Century
Abstract
There is growing understanding that a vibrant innovation ecosystem is an important element of a healthy and prosperous nation. What is less known is what the role of Government is in nurturing this ecosystem. In this Chapter, we explore recent experiences in Australia and Asia with science and technology (S&T) policy. For example, we consider how university-industry collaboration occurs across different nations and its effect on the diffusion of technology. We reflect on what S&T policy can tell us about public policy in the Asian century and how we might manage the ongoing tension between national interests and global prosperity. We also delve into recent Asian experiences with S&T policies, examining a range of programs in Asia that have been introduced.
Paul H. Jensen, Lauren A. Palmer
Chapter 7. Humanising Bureaucracy: Clan-Oriented Culture in the Thai Civil Service
Abstract
This Chapter traces the effects of New Public Management (NPM) reform in various public organisations introduced in Thailand in the early 2000s. It portrays the realities of several bureaucratic organisations in the Thai civil service by investigating how far the concept of the impersonal, inflexible and rule-bound institution is a characteristic of the settings studied, and by clarifying the extent to which cultural values in various public organisations have been (or have not been) altered because of the market-driven type of reform developed in Anglo-Saxon countries. The research highlights the persistence of the clan-oriented culture and its deep-seated roots, which humanise bureaucratic structures, on the one hand, and the perseverance of seniority, and dependent relationship-based local norms, which represent potential explanations for the limited outcomes of the reform, on the other hand.
Marianna Fotaki, Rutaichanok Jingjit
Chapter 8. Urban Development in China: Moving from Urbanisation to Quality of Urban Life
Abstract
This study uses data from 69 Chinese cities covering the eleven years 2003–2013 to examine factors that drive urban development in China. Previous work has examined standard international measures of urban development such as GDP, population density, and average income. Population density, GDP, and average annual income are considered as alternatives to the typical Chinese measure of urbanisation level to represent urban development. In particular, the study asks whether traditionally used economic factors (education, environment, cultural industry, infrastructure, FDI, and government spending) are most closely associated with urban development in the major cities of China during this time period. Linear regressions are estimated with each of the measures as the dependent variable. The results are presented and discussed with implications for studying Chinese urban development.
Jong Youl Lee, Chad Anderson, Bo Wang
Chapter 9. Public Sector Reform and National Development in East and Southeast Asia: Specificity and Commonality
Abstract
This chapter examines public sector reform in East and Southeast Asia. It looks at commonalities and divergences between the countries of these regions in terms of their organisational environments and their reform policies. Special attention is paid to three areas of public sector reform—policy transfer, anti-corruption measures and decentralization. What emerges is a complex longstanding pattern of reform activities in East and Southeast Asia in which importation, adaptation and innovation have been evident. This approach to public sector reform and the importance attached to it have undoubtedly contributed to the sustained development of the countries in East and Southeast Asia.
Mark Turner
Chapter 10. A Capabilities Framework for a Globalised Public Service
Abstract
Today’s public administrators and policymakers face challenges of climate change, global health epidemics, terrorism, migration and economic failure while still retaining the charge of providing sound government and services at the national, state and local levels. This chapter explores that context by turning the focus to the public servants whose daily work makes public policy possible. It reviews the literature on cultural intelligence (CQ) and global leadership and draws upon in-depth interviews with 23 opinion leaders working with Australia’s public service to offer a capabilities framework for a globalised public service. This framework sets out the skills, capabilities, knowledge and experiences that will support effective public administration leadership in the twenty-first century.
Sara Bice
Chapter 11. Hurdles to an Asian Century of Public Administration
Abstract
This chapter suggests there is not yet a (modern) Asian Century of public administration. The public administration literature is dominated by Western theories, concepts, and practice. Utilisation of structure and value-based framework allows this chapter to unravel “how we know what we know” in public administration, which administrative histories are valued, and how concepts are modified in Asia. The chapter explores several hurdles to an Asian Century of public administration including how scholars are educated, where they publish, language, and the methods utilised. Fully bidirectional intellectual engagement (and not just a West-to-Asia engagement) is necessary for an Asian century of public administration.
Kim Moloney
Chapter 12. International Policy Coordination and its Impacts
Abstract
The growing economic power of Asia alongside its distinctive values, principles and strategies of international engagement hold the potential to unsettle existing understandings and practices of policy-making across borders. This chapter investigates public health as a case study of international policy coordination in Asia in such terms. The increasing burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in poor and middle income Asian countries is a salient health challenge as well as development problem in Asia. The chapter finds evidence of greater international policy coordination capacity than usually assumed in analyses of the relative absence of strong formal, supranational institutions in Asia. It suggests that informal institutions should not be read exclusively as weak institutions in international policy coordination in Asia.
Adrian Kay
Chapter 13. Beyond the East-West Dichotomy: Economic Development Policies in Asia and Europe
Abstract
A key aspect of the Asian century discourse is the developmental state model. The chapter investigates the extent to which this model resembles similar models in Europe and whether it is an efficient model of economic governance in a post-industrial economy. The development state is sustained by specific political and cultural features typical to the countries where it has proven most successful, such as Japan and Korea, and therefore is not likely to function in other contexts. The chapter suggests that the development state model is most efficient in an industrial economy but will be less successful in post-industrial economies.
Jon Pierre
Chapter 14. Conclusion: Five Emergent Themes for Public Policy in the Asian Century
Abstract
The Asian Century holds the potential to generate a paradigm shift in how we understand public policy, administration and governance, equivalent to the impacts of neo-liberalism and the New Public Management (NPM) of the late twentieth century. The futures that this book imagines for public policy in the Asian Century require an openness of perspective, a willingness to acknowledge the values and histories that sit behind diverse countries’ approaches to public policy, and an embrace of collaboration and knowledge exchange. To this end, this chapter attempts to draw together the central threads of this volume, to acknowledge its limitations and to set out five emergent themes that we believe are imminent in the Asian Century and ripe for exploration by future research.
Sara Bice, Avery Poole, Helen Sullivan
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Public Policy in the 'Asian Century'
herausgegeben von
Dr. Sara Bice
Avery Poole
Prof. Helen Sullivan
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Electronic ISBN
978-1-137-60252-7
Print ISBN
978-1-137-60251-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60252-7

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