Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Wireless Networks 5/2018

24.11.2016

Low-cost sustainable wireless Internet service for rural areas

verfasst von: Abdul Hameed, Adnan Noor Mian, Junaid Qadir

Erschienen in: Wireless Networks | Ausgabe 5/2018

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Deploying and maintaining an Internet service in remote rural and mountainous areas is a challenging task specifically in developing countries. In this paper, we present a study to realize a low-cost sustainable Wireless Internet Service Provider (ISP) built for rural areas of developing countries. There was no Internet access in the area prior to this project. The solution consists of a Wi-Fi based networking system that covers three remote far away villages (Koi-Barmol, Piple and Baboozo) in the Pakistani province of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. The contributions of this study include the details of step-by-step design, implementation and the issues faced to the rural WISP during long-term operation with recommendations to mitigate these issues. Apart from sharing practical insights we also make technical contributions in the form of throughput and latency analysis of IEEE 802.11n with the proprietary TDMA MAC protocol called airMAX over long-distance point-to-point links. We hope that the study will help people to quickly built and deploy a low-cost sustainable Internet service in the remote rural areas using off-the-shelf devices.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Akhtar, F., Rehmani, M. H., & Reisslein, M. (2016). White space: Definitional perspectives and their role in exploiting spectrum opportunities. Telecommunications Policy, 40, 319–331.CrossRef Akhtar, F., Rehmani, M. H., & Reisslein, M. (2016). White space: Definitional perspectives and their role in exploiting spectrum opportunities. Telecommunications Policy, 40, 319–331.CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat IEEE. (2012). 802.11-2012—IEEE standard for information technology–telecommunications and information exchange between systems local and metropolitan area networks—specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications. IEEE. (2012). 802.11-2012—IEEE standard for information technology–telecommunications and information exchange between systems local and metropolitan area networks—specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications.
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Shim, J., Shin, S., & Weiss, M. B. (2007). Wireless internet competition: Municipal wireless vs. 3G mobile service. In Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS 2007) (pp. 1–6). IEEE. Shim, J., Shin, S., & Weiss, M. B. (2007). Wireless internet competition: Municipal wireless vs. 3G mobile service. In Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS 2007) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Perahia, E., Cordeiro, C., Park, M., & Yang, L. L. (2010). IEEE 802.11 ad: Defining the next generation multi-Gbps Wi-Fi. In 7th IEEE consumer communications and networking conference (CCNC) (pp. 1–5). Perahia, E., Cordeiro, C., Park, M., & Yang, L. L. (2010). IEEE 802.11 ad: Defining the next generation multi-Gbps Wi-Fi. In 7th IEEE consumer communications and networking conference (CCNC) (pp. 1–5).
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bank, W. (2016). World Development report (2016): Digital dividends. Report: Technical. 102725. Bank, W. (2016). World Development report (2016): Digital dividends. Report: Technical. 102725.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Association, C. S. (2013). S37-13 -Antennas, towers, and antenna-supporting structures. Mississauga: Canadian Standards Association. Association, C. S. (2013). S37-13 -Antennas, towers, and antenna-supporting structures. Mississauga: Canadian Standards Association.
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Patra, R. K., Nedevschi, S., Surana, S., Sheth, A., Subramanian, L., & Brewer, E. A. (2007). WiLDNet: Design and implementation of high performance WiFi based long distance networks. In 4th USENIX conference on networked systems design and implementation, Berkeley, CA, USA (pp. 7–7). USENIX Association. Patra, R. K., Nedevschi, S., Surana, S., Sheth, A., Subramanian, L., & Brewer, E. A. (2007). WiLDNet: Design and implementation of high performance WiFi based long distance networks. In 4th USENIX conference on networked systems design and implementation, Berkeley, CA, USA (pp. 7–7). USENIX Association.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Nishat, K., Anwar, R., Mehfooz, A., Zaidi, B., Choudhary, H., & Qazi, I. A. (2014). On the effectiveness of high-speed WLAN standards for long distance communication. In IEEE conference on computer communications workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS) (pp. 145–146). Nishat, K., Anwar, R., Mehfooz, A., Zaidi, B., Choudhary, H., & Qazi, I. A. (2014). On the effectiveness of high-speed WLAN standards for long distance communication. In IEEE conference on computer communications workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS) (pp. 145–146).
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Unni, S., Raj, D., Sasidhar, K., & Rao, S. (2015). Performance measurement and analysis of long range Wi-Fi network for over-the-sea communication. In 13th international symposium on modeling and optimization in mobile, ad hoc, and wireless networks (WiOpt) (pp. 36–41). IEEE. Unni, S., Raj, D., Sasidhar, K., & Rao, S. (2015). Performance measurement and analysis of long range Wi-Fi network for over-the-sea communication. In 13th international symposium on modeling and optimization in mobile, ad hoc, and wireless networks (WiOpt) (pp. 36–41). IEEE.
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Braem, B., Blondia, C., & Latré, S. (2015). Experiences from building an outdoor testbed for community wireless networks. In IFIP/IEEE international symposium on integrated network management (IM) (pp. 898–901). IEEE. Braem, B., Blondia, C., & Latré, S. (2015). Experiences from building an outdoor testbed for community wireless networks. In IFIP/IEEE international symposium on integrated network management (IM) (pp. 898–901). IEEE.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Braem, B., Blondia, C., Barz, C., Rogge, H., Freitag, F., Navarro, L., et al. (2013). A case for research with and on community networks. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 43, 68–73.CrossRef Braem, B., Blondia, C., Barz, C., Rogge, H., Freitag, F., Navarro, L., et al. (2013). A case for research with and on community networks. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 43, 68–73.CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Rey-Moreno, C., Roro, Z., Tucker, W. D., Siya, M. J., Bidwell, N. J., & Simo-Reigadas, J. (2013). Experiences, challenges and lessons from rolling out a rural WiFi mesh network. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM symposium on computing for development 11. ACM. Rey-Moreno, C., Roro, Z., Tucker, W. D., Siya, M. J., Bidwell, N. J., & Simo-Reigadas, J. (2013). Experiences, challenges and lessons from rolling out a rural WiFi mesh network. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM symposium on computing for development 11. ACM.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Pathak, P. H., & Dutta, R. (2011). A survey of network design problems and joint design approaches in wireless mesh networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 13, 396–428.CrossRef Pathak, P. H., & Dutta, R. (2011). A survey of network design problems and joint design approaches in wireless mesh networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 13, 396–428.CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Raman, B. & Chebrolu, K. (2005). Design and evaluation of a new MAC protocol for long-distance 802.11 mesh networks. In Proceedings of the 11th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking (pp. 156–169). ACM. Raman, B. & Chebrolu, K. (2005). Design and evaluation of a new MAC protocol for long-distance 802.11 mesh networks. In Proceedings of the 11th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking (pp. 156–169). ACM.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Siris, V. A., Tragos, E. Z., & Petroulakis, N. E. (2012). Experiences with a metropolitan multiradio wireless mesh network: Design, performance, and application. IEEE Communications Magazine, 50, 128–136.CrossRef Siris, V. A., Tragos, E. Z., & Petroulakis, N. E. (2012). Experiences with a metropolitan multiradio wireless mesh network: Design, performance, and application. IEEE Communications Magazine, 50, 128–136.CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Surana, S., Patra, R. K., Nedevschi, S., Ramos, M., Subramanian, L., Ben-David, Y., & Brewer, E. A. (2008). Beyond pilots: Keeping rural wireless networks alive. In 5th USENIX symposium on networked systems design and implementation(NDSI) (pp. 119–132). Surana, S., Patra, R. K., Nedevschi, S., Ramos, M., Subramanian, L., Ben-David, Y., & Brewer, E. A. (2008). Beyond pilots: Keeping rural wireless networks alive. In 5th USENIX symposium on networked systems design and implementation(NDSI) (pp. 119–132).
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Hasan, S., Ben-David, Y., Bittman, M., & Raghavan, B. (2015). The challenges of scaling WISPs. In Proceedings of the 2015 annual symposium on computing for development (pp. 3–11). ACM. Hasan, S., Ben-David, Y., Bittman, M., & Raghavan, B. (2015). The challenges of scaling WISPs. In Proceedings of the 2015 annual symposium on computing for development (pp. 3–11). ACM.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Subramanian, L., Surana, S., Patra, R., Nedevschi, S., Ho, M., Brewer, E., & Sheth, A. (2006). Rethinking wireless for the developing world. ACM Hotnets 43. Subramanian, L., Surana, S., Patra, R., Nedevschi, S., Ho, M., Brewer, E., & Sheth, A. (2006). Rethinking wireless for the developing world. ACM Hotnets 43.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat McGuire, C., Brew, M. R., Darbari, F., Bolton, G., McMahon, A., Crawford, D. H., et al. (2012). HopScotch-a low-power renewable energy base station network for rural broadband access. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2012, 1–12.CrossRef McGuire, C., Brew, M. R., Darbari, F., Bolton, G., McMahon, A., Crawford, D. H., et al. (2012). HopScotch-a low-power renewable energy base station network for rural broadband access. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2012, 1–12.CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Ting, A., Chieng, D., Kwong, K. H., & Andonovic, I. (2012). Optimization of heterogeneous multi-radio multi-hop rural wireless network. In IEEE 14th international conference on communication technology (ICCT) (pp. 1159–1165). Ting, A., Chieng, D., Kwong, K. H., & Andonovic, I. (2012). Optimization of heterogeneous multi-radio multi-hop rural wireless network. In IEEE 14th international conference on communication technology (ICCT) (pp. 1159–1165).
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Kobel, C., Baluja Garcia, W., & Habermann, J. (2013). A survey on wireless mesh network applications in rural areas and emerging countries. In Global humanitarian technology conference (GHTC) (pp. 389–394). IEEE. Kobel, C., Baluja Garcia, W., & Habermann, J. (2013). A survey on wireless mesh network applications in rural areas and emerging countries. In Global humanitarian technology conference (GHTC) (pp. 389–394). IEEE.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Flores, A. B., Guerra, R. E., Knightly, E. W., Ecclesine, P., & Pandey, S. (2013). IEEE 802.11af: A standard for TV white space spectrum sharing. IEEE Communications Magazine, 51, 92–100.CrossRef Flores, A. B., Guerra, R. E., Knightly, E. W., Ecclesine, P., & Pandey, S. (2013). IEEE 802.11af: A standard for TV white space spectrum sharing. IEEE Communications Magazine, 51, 92–100.CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang, J., Ghosh, M., & Challapali, K. (2011). Emerging cognitive radio applications: A survey. IEEE Communications Magazine, 49, 74–81.CrossRef Wang, J., Ghosh, M., & Challapali, K. (2011). Emerging cognitive radio applications: A survey. IEEE Communications Magazine, 49, 74–81.CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Bukhari, S. H. R., Rehmani, M. H., & Siraj, S. (2016). A survey of channel bonding for wireless networks and guidelines of channel bonding for futuristic cognitive radio sensor networks. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 18, 924–948.CrossRef Bukhari, S. H. R., Rehmani, M. H., & Siraj, S. (2016). A survey of channel bonding for wireless networks and guidelines of channel bonding for futuristic cognitive radio sensor networks. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 18, 924–948.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Low-cost sustainable wireless Internet service for rural areas
verfasst von
Abdul Hameed
Adnan Noor Mian
Junaid Qadir
Publikationsdatum
24.11.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Wireless Networks / Ausgabe 5/2018
Print ISSN: 1022-0038
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-8196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-016-1415-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2018

Wireless Networks 5/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Neuer Inhalt