Skip to main content

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Measuring Brand Equity

verfasst von : Kevin Lane Keller, Tim Oliver Brexendorf

Erschienen in: Handbuch Markenführung

Verlag: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Building a strong brand with significant equity provides a host of benefits for firms. Understanding the sources and outcomes of brand equity provides managers with information how and where brands add value. This article reviews measures of both sources and outcomes of brand equity and discusses a model of value creation, the brand value chain, as a holistic, integrated approach to understanding how to capture the value created by brands. The chapter also closes with issues in developing a brand equity measurement system.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Aaker, D. A. (1996). Measuring brand equity across products and markets. California Management Review, 38, 102–120.CrossRef Aaker, D. A. (1996). Measuring brand equity across products and markets. California Management Review, 38, 102–120.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Aaker, J. L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3), 347–356.CrossRef Aaker, J. L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3), 347–356.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Aaker, D. A., & Jacobson, R. (1994). The financial information content of perceived quality. Journal of Marketing Research, 31(2), 191–201.CrossRef Aaker, D. A., & Jacobson, R. (1994). The financial information content of perceived quality. Journal of Marketing Research, 31(2), 191–201.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Aaker, D. A., & Jacobson, R. (2001). The value relevance of brand attitude in high-technology markets. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(4), 485–493.CrossRef Aaker, D. A., & Jacobson, R. (2001). The value relevance of brand attitude in high-technology markets. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(4), 485–493.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Aaker, J. L., Benet-Martinez, V., & Berrocal, J. G. (2001). Consumption symbols as carriers of culture: A study of Japanese and Spanish brand personality constructs. Journal of Personality and Psychology, 81(3), 492–508.CrossRef Aaker, J. L., Benet-Martinez, V., & Berrocal, J. G. (2001). Consumption symbols as carriers of culture: A study of Japanese and Spanish brand personality constructs. Journal of Personality and Psychology, 81(3), 492–508.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Aggarwal, M. K., & Rao, V. R. (1996). An empirical comparison of consumer-based measures of brand equity. Marketing Letters, 7(3), 237–247.CrossRef Aggarwal, M. K., & Rao, V. R. (1996). An empirical comparison of consumer-based measures of brand equity. Marketing Letters, 7(3), 237–247.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ailawadi, K. L., Lehmann, D. R., & Neslin, S. A. (2003). Revenue premium as an outcome measure of brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 67(4), 1–17.CrossRef Ailawadi, K. L., Lehmann, D. R., & Neslin, S. A. (2003). Revenue premium as an outcome measure of brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 67(4), 1–17.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Zurück zum Zitat Ambler, T. (2004). Marketing and the bottom line (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Ambler, T. (2004). Marketing and the bottom line (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Zurück zum Zitat Barwise, P., Higson, C., Likierman, A., & Marsh, P. (1989). Accounting for brands. London: LBS & ICAEW. Barwise, P., Higson, C., Likierman, A., & Marsh, P. (1989). Accounting for brands. London: LBS & ICAEW.
Zurück zum Zitat Bedbury, S. (2002). A new brand world. New York: Viking Press. Bedbury, S. (2002). A new brand world. New York: Viking Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhattacharya, C.B., & Lodish, L.M. (2000). Towards a System for Monitoring Brand Health from Store Scanner Data. Cambridge: Marketing Science Institute. Bhattacharya, C.B., & Lodish, L.M. (2000). Towards a System for Monitoring Brand Health from Store Scanner Data. Cambridge: Marketing Science Institute.
Zurück zum Zitat Boivin, Y. (1986). A free response approach to the measurement of brand perceptions. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 3, 11–17.CrossRef Boivin, Y. (1986). A free response approach to the measurement of brand perceptions. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 3, 11–17.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bong Na, W., Marshall, R., & Keller, K.L. (1999). Measuring brand power: Validating a model for optimizing brand equity. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 8(3), 170–184.CrossRef Bong Na, W., Marshall, R., & Keller, K.L. (1999). Measuring brand power: Validating a model for optimizing brand equity. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 8(3), 170–184.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Coupland, J. C. (2005). Invisible brands: An ethnography of households and the brands in their kitchen pantries. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(1), 106–118.CrossRef Coupland, J. C. (2005). Invisible brands: An ethnography of households and the brands in their kitchen pantries. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(1), 106–118.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dillon, W. R., Madden, T. J., Kirmani, A., & Mukherjee, S. (2001). Understanding what’s in a brand rating: A model for assessing brand and attribute effects and their relationship to brand equity. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(4), 415–429.CrossRef Dillon, W. R., Madden, T. J., Kirmani, A., & Mukherjee, S. (2001). Understanding what’s in a brand rating: A model for assessing brand and attribute effects and their relationship to brand equity. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(4), 415–429.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Epstein, M. J., & Westbrook, R. A. (2001). Linking actions to profits in strategic decision making. MIT Sloan Management Review, 42(3), 39–49. Epstein, M. J., & Westbrook, R. A. (2001). Linking actions to profits in strategic decision making. MIT Sloan Management Review, 42(3), 39–49.
Zurück zum Zitat Feldwick, P. (1996). What is brand equity anyway, and how do you measure it? Journal of the Market Research Society, 38, 85–104.CrossRef Feldwick, P. (1996). What is brand equity anyway, and how do you measure it? Journal of the Market Research Society, 38, 85–104.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fournier, S. M. (1998). Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 343–373.CrossRef Fournier, S. M. (1998). Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 343–373.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fournier, S., & Yao, J.L. (1997). Reviving brand loyalty: A reconceptualization within the framework of consumer-brand relationships. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 14(5), 451–472.CrossRef Fournier, S., & Yao, J.L. (1997). Reviving brand loyalty: A reconceptualization within the framework of consumer-brand relationships. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 14(5), 451–472.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fournier, S. M. (2000). Dimensioning brand relationships using brand relationship quality. Presentation at the Association for Consumer Research annual conference. Fournier, S. M. (2000). Dimensioning brand relationships using brand relationship quality. Presentation at the Association for Consumer Research annual conference.
Zurück zum Zitat Fournier, S. M., Dobscha, S., & Mick, S. (1998). Preventing the premature death of relationship marketing. Harvard Business Review, 76, 42–51. Fournier, S. M., Dobscha, S., & Mick, S. (1998). Preventing the premature death of relationship marketing. Harvard Business Review, 76, 42–51.
Zurück zum Zitat Green, P. E., & Srinivasan, V. (1978). Conjoint analysis in consumer research: Issues and outlook. Journal of Consumer Research, 5(2), 103–123.CrossRef Green, P. E., & Srinivasan, V. (1978). Conjoint analysis in consumer research: Issues and outlook. Journal of Consumer Research, 5(2), 103–123.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Green, P. E., & Srinivasan, V. (1990). Conjoint analysis in marketing: New developments with implications for research and practice. Journal of Marketing, 54(4), 3–19.CrossRef Green, P. E., & Srinivasan, V. (1990). Conjoint analysis in marketing: New developments with implications for research and practice. Journal of Marketing, 54(4), 3–19.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hoeffler, S., & Keller, K. L. (2003). The marketing advantages of strong brands. Journal of Brand Management, 10(6), 421–445.CrossRef Hoeffler, S., & Keller, K. L. (2003). The marketing advantages of strong brands. Journal of Brand Management, 10(6), 421–445.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Interbrand. (2014). Brand valuation. A versatile strategic tool for business. White paper. Interbrand. (2014). Brand valuation. A versatile strategic tool for business. White paper.
Zurück zum Zitat Janiszewski, C., & van Osselaer, S. M. J. (2000). A connectionist model of brand-quality associations. Journal of Marketing Research, 37, 331–350.CrossRef Janiszewski, C., & van Osselaer, S. M. J. (2000). A connectionist model of brand-quality associations. Journal of Marketing Research, 37, 331–350.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kahle, L. R., Poulos, B., & Sukhdial, A. (1988). Changes in social values in the United States during the past decade. Journal of Advertising Research, 28, 35–41. Kahle, L. R., Poulos, B., & Sukhdial, A. (1988). Changes in social values in the United States during the past decade. Journal of Advertising Research, 28, 35–41.
Zurück zum Zitat Kamakura, W. A., & Russell, G. J. (1993). Measuring brand value with scanner data. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 10, 9–22.CrossRef Kamakura, W. A., & Russell, G. J. (1993). Measuring brand value with scanner data. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 10, 9–22.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kapferer, J.-N. (2012). The new strategic brand management (5th ed.). London: Kogan-Page. Kapferer, J.-N. (2012). The new strategic brand management (5th ed.). London: Kogan-Page.
Zurück zum Zitat Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1–22.CrossRef Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1–22.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Keller, K. L. (2014). Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Keller, K. L. (2014). Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
Zurück zum Zitat Keller, K. L. (2016). Reflections on customer-based brand equity: Perspectives, progress, and priorities. AMS Review, 6(1), 1–16.CrossRef Keller, K. L. (2016). Reflections on customer-based brand equity: Perspectives, progress, and priorities. AMS Review, 6(1), 1–16.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Keller, K. L., & Lehmann, D. R. (2001). The brand value chain: Linking strategic and financial performance. Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College. Keller, K. L., & Lehmann, D. R. (2001). The brand value chain: Linking strategic and financial performance. Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College.
Zurück zum Zitat Keller, K. L. & Lehmann, D. R. (2003). The brand value chain: Optimizing strategic and financial brand performance. Marketing Management, 12(3), 26–31. Keller, K. L. & Lehmann, D. R. (2003). The brand value chain: Optimizing strategic and financial brand performance. Marketing Management, 12(3), 26–31.
Zurück zum Zitat Keller, K. L., Sternthal, B., & Tybout, A. (2002). Three questions you need to ask about your brand. Harvard Business Review, 80(9), 80–89. Keller, K. L., Sternthal, B., & Tybout, A. (2002). Three questions you need to ask about your brand. Harvard Business Review, 80(9), 80–89.
Zurück zum Zitat Lane, V., & Jacobson, R. (1995). Stock market reactions to brand extension announcements: The effects of brand attitude and familiarity. Journal of Marketing, 63(Special Issue), 180–197. Lane, V., & Jacobson, R. (1995). Stock market reactions to brand extension announcements: The effects of brand attitude and familiarity. Journal of Marketing, 63(Special Issue), 180–197.
Zurück zum Zitat LaPointe, P. (2005). Marketing by the dashboard light: How to get more insight, foresight, and accountability from your marketing investments. MarketingNPV. LaPointe, P. (2005). Marketing by the dashboard light: How to get more insight, foresight, and accountability from your marketing investments. MarketingNPV.
Zurück zum Zitat Levy, S. J. (1999). Brands, consumers, symbols, and research: Sydney J. Levy on marketing. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Levy, S. J. (1999). Brands, consumers, symbols, and research: Sydney J. Levy on marketing. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Zurück zum Zitat Lindemann, J. (2010). The economy of brands. London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef Lindemann, J. (2010). The economy of brands. London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Micheli, P., & Mari, L. (2014). The theory and practice of performance measurement. Management Accounting Research, 25(2), 147–156.CrossRef Micheli, P., & Mari, L. (2014). The theory and practice of performance measurement. Management Accounting Research, 25(2), 147–156.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Miller, A., & Cioffi, J. (2004). Measuring marketing effectiveness and value: The Unisys marketing dashboard. Journal of Advertising Research, 44(3), 237–243. Miller, A., & Cioffi, J. (2004). Measuring marketing effectiveness and value: The Unisys marketing dashboard. Journal of Advertising Research, 44(3), 237–243.
Zurück zum Zitat Mizik, N., & Jacobson, R. (2003). Trading off value creation and value appropriation: The financial implications of shifts in strategic emphasis. Journal of Marketing, 67, 63–76.CrossRef Mizik, N., & Jacobson, R. (2003). Trading off value creation and value appropriation: The financial implications of shifts in strategic emphasis. Journal of Marketing, 67, 63–76.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Olson, J. C., & Reynolds, T. J. (1983). Understanding consumer’s cognitive structures: Implications for advertising strategy. In L. Percy & A. G. Woodside (Hrsg.), Advertising and consumer psychology (S. 77–90). Lexington: Lexington Books. Olson, J. C., & Reynolds, T. J. (1983). Understanding consumer’s cognitive structures: Implications for advertising strategy. In L. Percy & A. G. Woodside (Hrsg.), Advertising and consumer psychology (S. 77–90). Lexington: Lexington Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Park, C. S., & Srinivasan, V. (1994). A survey-based method for measuring and understanding brand equity and its extendability. Journal of Marketing Research, 31, 271–288.CrossRef Park, C. S., & Srinivasan, V. (1994). A survey-based method for measuring and understanding brand equity and its extendability. Journal of Marketing Research, 31, 271–288.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Parkhurst, J. (2002). Chapter 18. Leveraging brand to generate value. In B. Berman (Ed.), From ideas to assets. New York: Wiley. Parkhurst, J. (2002). Chapter 18. Leveraging brand to generate value. In B. Berman (Ed.), From ideas to assets. New York: Wiley.
Zurück zum Zitat Pauwels, K. (2014). It’s not the size of the data: It’s how you use it: Smarter marketing with dashboard and analytics. New York: American Management Association (AMACOM). Pauwels, K. (2014). It’s not the size of the data: It’s how you use it: Smarter marketing with dashboard and analytics. New York: American Management Association (AMACOM).
Zurück zum Zitat Pauwels, K., & Joshi, A. (2016). Selecting predictive metrics for marketing dashboards – An analytical approach. Journal of Marketing Behavior, 2(2–3), 195–224.CrossRef Pauwels, K., & Joshi, A. (2016). Selecting predictive metrics for marketing dashboards – An analytical approach. Journal of Marketing Behavior, 2(2–3), 195–224.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Perrier, R. (1997). Brand valuation (3rd ed.). London: (Interbrand), Premier Books. Perrier, R. (1997). Brand valuation (3rd ed.). London: (Interbrand), Premier Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Pessemier, E. (1959). A new way to determine buying decisions. Journal of Marketing, 24(2), 41–46.CrossRef Pessemier, E. (1959). A new way to determine buying decisions. Journal of Marketing, 24(2), 41–46.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rao, V. R., Agrawal, M. K., & Dahlhoff, D. (2004). How is manifested branding strategy related to the intangible value of a corporation? Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 126–141.CrossRef Rao, V. R., Agrawal, M. K., & Dahlhoff, D. (2004). How is manifested branding strategy related to the intangible value of a corporation? Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 126–141.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Reynolds, T. J., & Gutman, J. (1988). Laddering theory: Method, analysis, and interpretation. Journal of Advertising Research, 28(1), 11–31. Reynolds, T. J., & Gutman, J. (1988). Laddering theory: Method, analysis, and interpretation. Journal of Advertising Research, 28(1), 11–31.
Zurück zum Zitat Reynolds, T. J., & Whitlark, D. B. (1995). Applying laddering data to communications strategy and advertising practice. Journal of Advertising Research, 35(4), 9–17. Reynolds, T. J., & Whitlark, D. B. (1995). Applying laddering data to communications strategy and advertising practice. Journal of Advertising Research, 35(4), 9–17.
Zurück zum Zitat Ritson, M., & Elliott, R. (1999). The social uses of advertising: An ethnographic study of adolescent advertising audiences. Journal of Consumer Research, 26(3), 260–277.CrossRef Ritson, M., & Elliott, R. (1999). The social uses of advertising: An ethnographic study of adolescent advertising audiences. Journal of Consumer Research, 26(3), 260–277.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Salinas, G. (2009). The international brand valuation manual. Chichester: Wiley. Salinas, G. (2009). The international brand valuation manual. Chichester: Wiley.
Zurück zum Zitat Srinivasan, V. (1979). Network models for estimating brand-specific effects in multi-attribute marketing models. Management Science, 25(1), 11–21.CrossRef Srinivasan, V. (1979). Network models for estimating brand-specific effects in multi-attribute marketing models. Management Science, 25(1), 11–21.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Srivastava, R. K., Shervani, T. A., & Fahey, L. (1998). Market-based assets and shareholder value: A framework for analysis. Journal of Marketing, 62(1), 2–18.CrossRef Srivastava, R. K., Shervani, T. A., & Fahey, L. (1998). Market-based assets and shareholder value: A framework for analysis. Journal of Marketing, 62(1), 2–18.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Srull, T. K. (1984). Methodological techniques for the study of person memory and social cognition. In R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. 2, 1–72). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum. Srull, T. K. (1984). Methodological techniques for the study of person memory and social cognition. In R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. 2, 1–72). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson, C. J., Pollio, H. R., & Locander, W. B. (1994). The spoken and the unspoken: A hermeneutic approach to understanding the cultural viewpoints that underlie consumers’ expressed meanings. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 432–452.CrossRef Thompson, C. J., Pollio, H. R., & Locander, W. B. (1994). The spoken and the unspoken: A hermeneutic approach to understanding the cultural viewpoints that underlie consumers’ expressed meanings. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 432–452.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vriens, M., & Frazier, C. (2003). The hard impact of the soft touch: How to use brand positioning attributes in conjoint. Marketing Research, 12(3), 23–27. Vriens, M., & Frazier, C. (2003). The hard impact of the soft touch: How to use brand positioning attributes in conjoint. Marketing Research, 12(3), 23–27.
Zurück zum Zitat Vriens, M, & Ter Hofstede, F. (2000). Linking attributes, benefits, and consumer values. Marketing Research 3–8. Vriens, M, & Ter Hofstede, F. (2000). Linking attributes, benefits, and consumer values. Marketing Research 3–8.
Zurück zum Zitat Wansink, B. (2003). Using laddering to understand and leverage a brand’s equity. Qualitative Market Research, 6(2), 111–118.CrossRef Wansink, B. (2003). Using laddering to understand and leverage a brand’s equity. Qualitative Market Research, 6(2), 111–118.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zabin, J. (2006). Marketing dashboards: The visual display of marketing data. Chief Marketer, June 26. Zabin, J. (2006). Marketing dashboards: The visual display of marketing data. Chief Marketer, June 26.
Zurück zum Zitat Zaltman, G. (2003). How customers think: Essential insights into the mind of the market. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press. Zaltman, G. (2003). How customers think: Essential insights into the mind of the market. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Zaltman, G., & Coulter, R. H. (1995). Seeing the voice of the customer: Metaphor-based advertising research. Journal of Advertising Research, 35(4), 35–51. Zaltman, G., & Coulter, R. H. (1995). Seeing the voice of the customer: Metaphor-based advertising research. Journal of Advertising Research, 35(4), 35–51.
Metadaten
Titel
Measuring Brand Equity
verfasst von
Kevin Lane Keller
Tim Oliver Brexendorf
Copyright-Jahr
2019
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-13342-9_72