nach oben

Empirical Economics

Erschienen in:

19.04.2020

No place like home: geography and culture in the dissemination of economic research articles

verfasst von: Christiane Hellmanzik, Lukas Kuld

Erschienen in: Empirical Economics | Ausgabe 1/2021

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

This paper examines the existence of distance and border effects in the dissemination of knowledge in economics research using a state-of-the-art gravity model for domestic and international citations between 1970 and 2016 for the top 20 source countries. We extend the model with two novel indicators, English proficiency and bilateral internet ties-two key forces in the dissemination of research and knowledge more generally. Our results show that (i) citations decrease with distance, (ii) citations exhibit a significant home bias greater than 1.68, i.e. a more than 50% higher propensity to cite domestic articles, (iii) home bias as well as geographic and cultural distance measures remain significant and at persistent levels over time, (iv) bilaterally high levels of English proficiency are insignificant for citations beyond the measure of general language similarity, (v) countries with closer internet ties have higher shares of bilateral citations, and (vi) geographic proximity is insignificant for citations to econometric articles while cultural linkages are significant.

Vorheriger Artikel The robustness of forecast combination in unstable environments: a Monte Carlo study of advanced algorithms

Nächster Artikel A Bayesian spatial autoregressive logit model with an empirical application to European regional FDI flows

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

More generally, Jaffe et al. (1993) provides evidence for strong geographic concentration of patent citations which is further confirmed by Breschi and Lissoni (2009) who links this concentration of knowledge back to the lack of mobility of inventors who are likely to remain in their co-inventor network.

The twenty leading countries are Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Republic of Korea, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and USA.

Articles with authors in multiple countries are attributed to each country.

We exclude citing countries with less than 100 total citing articles from our analysis.

To understand why, imagine picking a random economics article written in 2016, it is reasonable to assume that the article cites at least one article from the United States. By just counting citing articles for the United States overall, we would end up simply counting all 2017 economics articles. However, a new article might not reference American articles from each of the last 10 years and is very unlikely to reference 47 American articles covering each year from 1970 to 2016. Technically, we only observe an article’s first citation to a given year-country which underestimates countries and years that have relatively high citation averages.

The average number of references given per paper almost doubled over the last 20 years from 25 to 40 [see Kuld and O’Hagan (2018)].

http://www.ef.edu/epi/.

To this end Chung (2011) uses Yahoo’s search function and LexiURL Searcher, a social science web analysis tool developed by Thelwall (2009). At the time, Yahoo had indexed about 47 billion websites. For more detailed information on obtaining the measure of bilateral hyperlinks, please refer to Chung (2011).

For the United States, usually the sum of the domains .edu, .us, .mil and .gov has been used Barnett et al. (2001) in the literature. In previous studies [e.g. Barnett and Sung (2005)], the .com domain had either been disregarded or completely attributed to the United States.

For comparison, Gloetzl and Aigner (2017) count articles in 441 economics journals from 1980 to 2014. In this sample, North American researchers alone authored half of the world’s economics articles indexed by WoS between 1980 and 2014 which then received 75% of total citations. 98.4% of the economics articles from the top ten countries are written in English (WoS classification). The next two languages are French with 0.8% and German with 0.3% of the total indexed article output of these countries (WoS).

To obtain positive counts, we show the exponential of log demeaned by citing and cited country (thereby using the geometric mean).

In addition, incentives to cite articles within local networks create opportunity costs for citations to unconnected researchers.

\(P_i=\left( \displaystyle \sum _{j=1}^{N} (a_{ij}p_{ij})^{1-\sigma } \right) ^\frac{1}{1-\sigma }\).

The results are unchanged for Poisson with clustered errors, but other methods are less robust with respect to the aggregation level.

\(Asinh(x)=\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2+1})\). For \(x \ge 2, asinh(x)\approx \ln (x) + \ln (2)\), but \(asinh(0)=0\). Also suggested for citation counts by Card and DellaVigna (2020), for instance.

However, both, OLS and negative binomial regressions, have stronger identification assumptions and are not consistent with the theoretical multilateral resistance model. As an indication, they overestimate the actual sum of citing articles considerably. For instance, the total flows involving the United States are overestimated by 20% (OLS) and 31% (negative binomial) in the standard specification. While smaller countries are underestimated, the ratios of total estimated flows to actual flows are 1.15 (OLS) and 1.22 (NegBin2) as opposed to 1 using Poisson.

The estimation tables underlying the results for the figures presented are available upon request.

Additionally we ran a specification excluding the US (results not presented but available upon request). If we do so, this value rises to 16% but can be as big as 90% for larger language differences.

The lower effect estimated for geographic distance reflects the change in the sample size and year. Table 6, for instance, shows that the omission of the home variable alone does not affect the same distance estimate significantly in the baseline sample.

These articles are classified by WoS as economics as well as mathematics or statistics and probability. The data are collected for articles written in the top ten leading countries between 2004 and 2008.

Arora A, Belenzon S, Lee H (2018) Reversed citations and the localization of knowledge spillovers. J Econ Geogr 18(3):495–521CrossRef

Balta N, Delgado J (2009) Home bias and market integration in the EU. CESifo Econ Stud 55(1):110–144CrossRef

Barnett GA, Chon B-S, Rosen D (2001) The structure of the internet flows in cyberspace. NETCOM 15(2):61–80CrossRef

Barnett GA, Sung E (2005) Culture and the structure of the international hyperlink network. J Comput Med Commun 11(1):217–238CrossRef

Boyack KW, Klavans R, Börner K (2005) Mapping the backbone of science. Scientometrics 64(3):351–374CrossRef

Breschi S, Lissoni F (2009) Mobility of skilled workers and co-invention networks: an anatomy of localized knowledge flows. J Econ Geogr 9(4):439–468CrossRef

Card D, DellaVigna S (2020) What do editors maximize? Evidence from four economics journals. Rev Econ Stat 102(1):195–217CrossRef

Chen N (2004) Intra-national versus international trade in the european union: why do national borders matter? J Int Econ 63(1):93–118CrossRef

Choi C (2010) The effect of the Internet on service trade. Econ Lett 109(2):102–104CrossRef

Chung CJ (2011) The geography of global internet hyperlink networks and cultural content analysis. Dissertation, University at Buffalo

Disdier A-C, Mayer T (2007) Je t’aime, moi non plus: bilateral opinions and international trade. Eur J Polit Econ 23(4):1140–1159CrossRef

Fally T (2015) Structural gravity and fixed effects. J Int Econ 97(1):76–85CrossRef

Felbermayr GJ, Toubal F (2010) Cultural proximity and trade. Eur Econ Rev 54(2):279–293CrossRef

Fourcade M, Ollion E, Algan Y (2015) The superiority of economists. J Econ Perspect 29(1):89–114CrossRef

Francois J, Hoekman B (2010) Services trade and policy. J Econ Lit 48(3):642–92CrossRef

Frenken K, Hardeman S, Hoekman J (2009) Spatial scientometrics: towards a cumulative research program. J Inf 3(3):222–232

Frenken K, Hoekman J (2014) Spatial scientometrics and scholarly impact: a review of recent studies, tools, and methods. In: Ding Y, Rousseau R, Wolfram D (eds) Measuring scholarly impact. Springer, Berlin, pp 127–146

Gloetzl F, Aigner E (2017) Six dimensions of concentration in economics: scientometric evidence from a large-scale data set. Ecological economics papers IEEP15, Institute of Ecological Economics

Guellec D, van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie B (2001) The internationalisation of technology analysed with patent data. Res Policy 30(8):1253–1266CrossRef

Guiso L, Sapienza P, Zingales L (2009) Cultural biases in economic exchange? Q J Econ 124(3):1095–1131CrossRef

Head K, Mayer T (2002) Illusory border effects: distance mismeasurement inflates estimates of home bias in trade, vol 1. CEPII, Paris

Hellmanzik C, Schmitz M (2015) Virtual proximity and audiovisual services trade. Eur Econ Rev 77:82–101CrossRef

Hellmanzik C, Schmitz M (2017) Taking gravity online: the role of virtual proximity in international finance. J Int Money Finance 77:164–179CrossRef

Jaffe AB, Trajtenberg M, Henderson R (1993) Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations. Q J Econ 108(3):577–598CrossRef

Kimura F, Lee H-H (2006) The gravity equation in international trade in services. Rev World Econ 142(1):92–121CrossRef

Kuld L (2017) The university as a local idea space: benefits from research links. Working paper, Trinity College Dublin

Kuld L, O’Hagan J (2018) Rise of multi-authored papers in economics: demise of the ’lone star’ and why? Scientometrics 114(3):1207–1225CrossRef

Li YA (2014) Borders and distance in knowledge spillovers: dying over time or dying with age? Evidence from patent citations. Eur Econ Rev 71:152–172CrossRef

Marco AD, Scellato G, Ughetto E, Caviggioli F (2017) Global markets for technology: evidence from patent transactions. Res Policy 46(9):1644–1654CrossRef

Matthiessen C, Schwarz A, Find S (2002) The top-level global research system, 1997–99: centres, networks and nodality. An analysis based on bibliometric indicators. Urban Stud 39(5–6):903–927CrossRef

Melitz J, Toubal F (2014) Native language, spoken language, translation and trade. J Int Econ 93(2):351–363CrossRef

Morescalchi A, Pammolli F, Penner O, Petersen AM, Riccaboni M (2015) The evolution of networks of innovators within and across borders: evidence from patent data. Res Policy 44(3):651–668CrossRef

Nitsch V (2000) National borders and international trade: evidence from the european union. Can J Econ Rev Can d’écon 33(4):1091–1105CrossRef

OECD (1999) OECD communications outlook 1999. OECD Publishing, ParisCrossRef

Pan RK, Kaski K, Fortunato S (2012) World citation and collaboration networks: uncovering the role of geography in science. Scientific reports 2

Peri G (2005) Determinants of knowledge flows and their effect on innovation. Rev Econ Stat 87(2):308–322CrossRef

Picci L (2010) The internationalization of inventive activity: a gravity model using patent data. Res Policy 39(8):1070–1081CrossRef

Silva JMCS, Tenreyro S (2006) The log of gravity. Rev Econ Stat 88(4):641–658CrossRef

Thelwall M (2009) Introduction to webometrics: quantitative web research for the social sciences. Synth Lect Inf Concepts Retr Serv 1(1):1–116

Titel: No place like home: geography and culture in the dissemination of economic research articles
verfasst von: Christiane Hellmanzik
Lukas Kuld
Publikationsdatum: 19.04.2020
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Empirical Economics / Ausgabe 1/2021
Print ISSN: 0377-7332
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-8921
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-020-01860-0

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2021

Intergenerational transmission of risk attitudes in Burkina Faso

Financing constraints and exports: Evidence from manufacturing firms in India

Public perceptions of the tax avoidance of corporations and the wealthy

Gibrat’s law in the trucking industry

Adjustment dynamics between broker–dealer leverage and stock market: a threshold cointegration analysis

Using repeated cross-sectional data to examine the role of immigrant birth-country networks on unemployment duration: an application of Guell and Hu (2006) approach