Numerical and Analytical Investigation of the Surface Evaporation Rate of the Different Nanofluids and Optimization Results by Using the RSM Method

In the present work, the numerical and analytical investigation was performed on water surface evaporation rate as a base fluid as well as Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ nanofluids. The numerical investigation was conducted via three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The response surface method (RSM) was used to perform the analysis and enhance the pure water’s old analytical associations such as different effects influencing the rate of the evaporation and using them for nanoparticles. The parameters that have been studied include temperature, humidity, speed, concentration and nano particle size. Based on the previous correlation and experimental results, the attained results were validated. Through the optimization procedure, an algebraic expression was obtained for predicting the rate of surface evaporation including the parameters influencing evaporation. The RSM technique yielded the minimum and maximum rate of the evaporation. Then, it was indicated that the existence of the nanoparticles in the base fluid changes the saturation vapor pressure and thus the base fluid’s surface evaporation rate. In the present work, a correlation was obtained for the rate of surface evaporation based on the effective parameters like the nanofluid’s saturation vapor pressure, free stream velocity, free stream temperature, nanofluid relative humidity, and nanoparticle concentration, and nanoparticle size.