nach oben

Journal of Business Ethics

Erschienen in:

01.09.2013

Perceptions of Justice and the Human Rights Protect, Respect, and Remedy Framework

verfasst von: Matthew Murphy, Jordi Vives

Erschienen in: Journal of Business Ethics | Ausgabe 4/2013

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Human rights declarations are instruments used to introduce universal standards of ethics. The UN’s Protect, Respect, and Remedy Framework (Ruggie, Protect, respect, and remedy: A Framework for business and human rights. UN Doc A/HRC/8/5, 2008; Guiding principles on business and human rights: Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect, and Remedy” framework. UN Doc A/HRC/17/31, 2011) intends to provide guidance for corporate behavior in regard to human rights. This article applies concepts from the field of organizational justice to the arena of business and human rights for the purpose of operationalizing the UN Framework. This approach facilitates the recognition of gaps between perceptions of justice held by stakeholders versus businesses and/or the State. Such recognition raises the potential for addressing issues that lead to divergent perceptions of justice, thus potentially improving the human rights performance of businesses. The research also shows the potential for complicity of businesses in human rights abuses and exposes a fundamental weakness in the UN Framework, which attempts to draw a sharp distinction between duties of States versus responsibilities of business. We illustrate this approach through analysis of the case of Goldcorp’s Marlin Mine in Guatemala; an extractive industry project that affects indigenous communities.

Vorheriger Artikel Managing Ethically Cultural Diversity: Learning from Thomas Aquinas

Nächster Artikel Human Rights in the Void? Due Diligence in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

We use the term “indigenous” following the meaning proscribed by the UN System. Considering the diversity of their cultures, the UN System has not adopted an official definition of “indigenous” but instead developed an understanding of the term based on inclusion of the following seven elements (UNPFII 2006): (i) self-identification as indigenous people at the individual level and accepted by the community as their member; (ii) historical continuity with that of pre-colonial and/or pre-settler societies; (iii) strong links to territories and surrounding natural resources; (iv) distinct social, economic, or political systems; (v) distinct language, culture, and beliefs; (vi) form non-dominant groups of society; (vii) resolve to maintain and reproduce their ancestral environments and systems as distinctive peoples and communities.

For a rare exception see Mena et al. (2010).

In 2002, Francisco Gold Corporation merged into Glamis and transferred control of the Marlin mine to Glamis Gold Ltd. Construction of the Marlin Mining Project commenced in early 2004. Goldcorp Inc. acquired Glamis Gold Ltd. in August 2006. To avoid confusion, we refer to the company as Goldcorp throughout the paper, including in citations and references.

For an extensive overview on the Marlin Mine’s issues, visit the Business & Human Rights Resource Centre and search on “Marlin Mine” http://www.business-humanrights.org/Search/SearchResults?SearchableText=marlin+mine. Also see the documents found via the following references (IACHR, 2010; IFC 2005a, b, 2006; ILO, 2009; UNHRC 2010).

The Convention is only binding on States that become signatories. For a list of these, see http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/ratifce.pl?C169 Accessed 10 Feb., 2011.

U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, supra note 12, Art. 32.2.

Glamis Gold (Now Goldcorp), Press Release, “Glamis Gold Comments on Proposed Referendum in Guatemala” (8 June, 2005), online: Marketwire http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/Glamis-Gold-Comments-on-Proposed-Referendum-in-Guatemala-544777.htm Accessed 22 Feb., 2011.

Interview conducted by one of the authors with manager of COPAE, August 22, 2010, San Marcos, Guatemala. The name of the interviewee is not disclosed in order to protect his/her safety. “Ignoring the sentence from the Interamerican Comission for Human Rights is simply a demonstration of the racism we live in this country.” And see http://www.resistencia-mineria.org/espanol/?q=node/45. Accessed 10 Apr., 2011.

Interviews conducted by one of the authors with three Mam Indigenous women living adjacent to the Marlin Mine. August 23, 2010—San Miguel Ixtahuacan, Guatemala. The names of the interviewees are not disclosed in order to protect their safety.

The World Bank signaled its own support of Goldcorp’s consultation process by stating: “The affected local communities have been appropriately and extensively consulted as detailed in the Marlin project documents: “Land Acquisition Procedures,” “Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan,” “Executive Summary of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA),” Section 3–7, and “Programa de Información y Participación Pública” of the ESIA.” Accessed at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTOGMC/0,,contentMDK:20421886~pagePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:336930,00.html. Accessed 21 Oct., 2010.

Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 267–299). New York: Academic Press.

AIES. (2010). Estudio Costo Beneficio de la Mina Marlin en San Marcos, Guatemala. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala: Asociación de Investigación y Estudios Sociales.

Ambrose, M. L., & Arnaud, A. (2005). Are procedural justice and distributive justice conceptually distinct? In J. E. Greenberg & J. A. Colquitt (Eds.), The handbook of organizational justice (pp. 59–84). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Arnold, D. G. (2010). Transnational corporations and the duty to respect basic human rights. Business Ethics Quarterly, 20(3), 371–399.CrossRef

Banerjee, S. B. (2000). Whose land is it anyway? National interest, indigenous stakeholders, and colonial discourses: The case of the Jabiluka Uranium mine. Organization & Environment, 13(1), 3–38.CrossRef

Bies, R. J. (2005). Are procedural justice and interactional justice conceptually distinct? In J. E. Greenberg & J. A. Colquitt (Eds.), The handbook of organizational justice (pp. 85–112). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Bies, R. J., & Moag, J. S. (1986). Interactional justice: Communication criteria of fairness. In R. J. Lewicki, B. H. Sheppard, & B. H. Bazerman (Eds.), Research on negotiation in organizations (Vol. 1, pp. 43–55). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Bobocel, D. R., Agar, S. E., Meyer, J. P., & Irving, P. G. (1998). Managerial accounts and fairness perception in conflict resolution: Differentiating the effects of minimizing responsibility and providing justification. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 20(2), 133–143.CrossRef

Bosse, D. A., Phillips, R. A., & Harrison, J. S. (2009). Research notes and comentaries. Stakeholders, Reciprocity, and Firm Performance. Strategic Management Journal, 30, 447–456.CrossRef

Brockner, J., & Wiesenfeld, B. M. (1996). An integrative framework for explaining reactions to decisions: Interactive effects of outcomes and procedures. Psychological Bulletin, 120(2), 189.CrossRef

Campbell, T. (2006). A human rights approach to developing voluntary codes of conduct for Multinational Corporation. Business Ethics Quarterly, 16(2), 119–144.CrossRef

Clapham, A., & Jerbi, S. (2001). Categories of corporate complicity in human rights abuses. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 24, 5–339.

Colquitt, J. A., Conlon, D. E., Wesson, M. J., & NG, Y. Y. (2001). Justice at the millennium: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 425–445.CrossRef

Cragg, W. (2010). Business and human rights: A principle and value-based analysis. In G. Brenkert & T. Beauchamp (Eds.), Oxford handbook of business ethics (pp. 267–305). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cragg, W. (2012). Ethics, enlightened self-interest and the corporate responsibility to respect human rights: A critical look at the justificatory foundations of the UN framework. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(1), 9–39.CrossRef

Cragg, W., Arnold, D. G., & Muchlinski, P. (2012). Guest editors’ introduction human rights and business. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(1), 1–7.CrossRef

Cropanzano, R., Bowen, D. E., & Gilliland, W. S. (2007). The management of organizational justice. Academy of Management Perspectives November, 34–48.

Deutsch, M. (1975). Equity, equality, and need: What determines which value will be used as the basis of distributive justice? Journal of Social Issues, 31, 137–149.CrossRef

Donaldson, T. (1989). The ethics of international business. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Donaldson, T. (1996). Values in tension: Ethics away from home. Harvard Business Review, 74(5), 48–62.

Donnelly, J. (2003). Universal rights in theory and practice. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Dutton, J., & Dukerich, K. (1991). Keeping an eye on the mirror: Image and identity in organizational adaptation. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 517–554.CrossRef

Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532–550.

El Periodico. (2010). Gobierno no suspenderá operaciones en mina Marlin. (June 03). http://www.elperiodico.com.gt/es/20100603/pais/155358/. Accessed 04/04/2011.

Escobar, A. (1995). Encountering development: The making and unmaking of the third world. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Folger, R., & Cropanzano, R. (1998). Organizational justice and human resource management (Vol. 7). Sage Publications.

Folger, R., & Cropanzano, R. (2001). Fairness theory: Justice as accountability. Advances in Organizational Justice, 1, 3–33.

Folger, R., Rosenfield, D., Grove, J., & Corkran, L. (1979). Effects of ‘voice’ and peer opinions on responses to inequity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(12), 2253.CrossRef

Goldcorp. (2004a). Marlin mining project land acquisition procedures. (February 20). Report submitted to the International Finance Corporation by Montana Exploradora de Guatemala, S.A.

Goldcorp. (2004b). Marlin mining project indigenous peoples development plan. (February 19). Report submitted to the International Finance Corporation by Montana Exploradora de Guatemala, S.A.

Goldcorp. (2004c). Marlin mining project public consultation and disclosure plan. (February 24). Report submitted to the International Finance Corporation by Montana Exploradora de Guatemala, S.A.

Goldcorp. (2005). Environmental and social performance annual monitoring report (2004) executive summary. (March 31). Report submitted to the International Finance Corporation by Montana Exploradora de Guatemala, S.A.

Goldcorp. (2009). Environmental and social performance annual monitoring report (2008). (May 1). Prepared by Montana Exploradora de Guatemala, S.A.

Greenberg, J. (1993). The social side of fairness: Interpersonal and informational classes of organizational justice. In R. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in the workplace: Approaching fairness in human resource management (pp. 245–271). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Greenberg, J., & Lind, E. A. (2000). The pursuit of organizational justice: From conceptualization to implication to application. In C. L. Cooper & E. A. Locke (Eds.), I/O psychology: What we know about theory and practice (pp. 72–105) Oxford, England: Blackwell.

Harrison, J. S., Bosse, D. A., & Phillips, R. A. (2010). Managing for stakeholders, stakeholder utility functions, and competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 31, 58–74.CrossRef

Husted, B. (1998). Organizational justice and the management of stakeholder relations. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(6), 643–651.

IACHR. (2010). PM 260-07—Communities of the Maya People (Sipakepense and Mam) of the Sipacapa and San Miguel Ixtahuacán Municipalities in the Department of San Marcos, Guatemala, 2010 (August 15). Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.

IFC. (2005a). Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman: Assessment of a complaint submitted to CAO in relation to the Marlin Mining Project in Guatemala. International Finance Corporation.

IFC. (2005b). Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman: Assessment of a complaint submitted to CAO in relation to the Marlin Mining Project in Guatemala—Annexes A–D. International Finance Corporation.

IFC. (2006). Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman: CAO follow-up assessment, Guatemala. Complaint regarding the Marlin Mining Project. International Finance Corporation.

ILO. (2009). Report of the committee of experts on the application of conventions and recommendations. International Labour Conference, 98th Session, 2009 (p. 679). Geneva: International Labor Organization.

Imai, S., Mehranvar, L., & Sander, J. (2007). Breaching indigenous law: Canadian mining in Guatemala. Indigenous Law Journal, 6, 101–129.

Lertzman, D., & Vredenburg, H. (2005). Indigenous peoples, resource extraction and sustainable development: An ethical approach: JBE. Journal of Business Ethics, 56(3), 239–254.CrossRef

Leventhal, G. S. (1976). The distribution of rewards and resources in groups and organizations. In L. Berkowitz & W. Walster (Eds.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 9, pp. 91–131). New York: Academic Press.

Leventhal, G. S. (1980). What should be done with equity theory? New approaches to the study of fairness in social relationships. In K. J. Gergen, M. S. Greenberg, & R. H. Willis (Eds.), Social exchange: Advances in theory and research (pp. 27–55). New York: Plenum Press.CrossRef

Leventhal, G. S., Karuza, J., & Fry, W. R. (1980). Beyond fairness: A theory of allocation preferences. In G. Mikula (Ed.), Justice and social interaction (pp. 167–218). New York: Springer.

Lind, E. A. (2001). Fairness heuristic theory: Justice judgments as pivotal cognitions in organizational relations. Advances in Organizational Justice, 56, 88.

Luo, Y. (2008). Procedural fairness and interfirm cooperation in strategic alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 29(1), 27–46.CrossRef

Mccorquodale, R. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and international human rights law: JBE. Journal of Business Ethics, 87, 385–400.CrossRef

McPhail, K. (2000). How oil, gas, and mining projects can contribute to development. Finance and development. Quarterly Magazine of International Monetary Fund 37(4).

Mena, S., de Leede, M., Baumann, D., Black, N., Lindeman, S., & Mcshane, L. (2010). Advancing the business and human rights agenda: Dialogue, empowerment, and constructive engagement: JBE. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(1), 161–188.CrossRef

Nolan, J., & Taylor, L. (2009). Corporate responsibility for economic, social and cultural rights: rights in search of a remedy? Journal of Business Ethics, 87, 433–451.CrossRef

Ruggie, J. G. (2006). Promotion and protection of human rights: Interim report of the special representative of the secretary-general on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises. UN Doc E/CN.4/2006/97.

Ruggie, J. G. (2007). Business and human rights: The evolving international agenda. American Journal of International Law, 101(4), 819–840.

Ruggie, J. G. (2008). Protect, respect and remedy: A Framework for business and human rights. UN Doc A/HRC/8/5.

Ruggie, J. G. (2011). Guiding principles on business and human rights: Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” framework. UN Doc A/HRC/17/31.

Sachs, S., & Maurer, M. (2009). Toward dynamic corporate stakeholder responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 85, 535–544.CrossRef

Sawyer, S., & Gomez, E. T. (2008). Transnational governmentality and resource extraction: Indigenous peoples, multinational corporations, multilateral institutions and the state, identities, conflict and cohesion programme papers (UNRISD).

Scherer, A., & Palazzo, G. (2007). Toward a political conception of corporate responsibility: Business and society seen from a habermasian perspective. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1096–1120.CrossRef

Scherer, A., Palazzo, G., & Matten, D. (2009). Introduction to the special issue: Globalization as a challenge for business responsibilities. Business Ethics Quarterly, 19(3), 327–347.CrossRef

Sen, A. (2004). Elements of a theory of human rights. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 32(4), 315–356.CrossRef

Seppala, N. (2009). Business and the international human rights regime: A comparison of UN initiatives. Journal of Business Ethics, 87, 401–417.CrossRef

Seton, K. (1999). Fourth World Nations in the era of globalisation. An introduction to contemporary theorizing posed by indigenous nations. Fourth World Journal, 4(1). Center for World Indigenous Studies, Olympia, Washington.

Thibaut, J., & Walker, L. (1975). Procedural justice: A psychological analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Ulrich, P. (2008). Integrative economic ethics: foundations of a civilized market economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

UNHRC. (2010). Report of the special rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, James Anaya.

UNPFII. (2006). Who are indigenous peoples? United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.

Voiculescu, A. (2009). Human rights and the new corporate accountability: Learning from recent developments in corporate criminal liability. Journal of Business Ethics, 87, 419–432.CrossRef

Weiss, H. M., Suckow, K., & Cropanzano, R. (1999). Effects of justice conditions on discrete emotions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(5), 786.CrossRef

Weissbrodt, D. (2005a). Business and human rights. University of Cincinnati Law Review, 74, 55–73.

Weissbrodt, D. (2005b). Corporate human rights responsibilities. Zeitschrift Für Wirtschafts- Und Unternehmensethik, 6(3), 279–297.

Wettstein, F. (2005). From causality to capability. The Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 19, 105–117.

Wettstein, F. (2009). Multinational corporations and global justice. Human rights obligations of a quasi-governmental institution. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRef

Wettstein, F. (2012). Silence as complicity: elements of a corporate duty to speak out against the violation of human rights. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(1), 37–61.CrossRef

Wettstein, F., & Waddock, S. (2005). Voluntary or mandatory: that is (not) the question. Journal for Business, Economics & Ethics, 6(3), 304–320.

Whiteman, G. (2009). All my relations: Understanding perceptions of justice and conflict between companies and indigenous peoples. Organization Studies, 30, 101–120.CrossRef

Whiteman, G., & Mamen, K. (2002). Examining justice and conflict between mining companies and indigenous people. Journal of Business and Management Summer, 8(3), 293–329.

Wood, S. (2012). The case for leverage-based corporate human rights responsibility. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(1), 63–98.CrossRef

World Bank Group. (2004). World Bank Management Group Response: Striking a better balance—The World Bank group and extractive industries: The Final Report of the Extractive Industries Review. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank.

World Council of Indigenous Peoples. (1979). Alternatives to development: environmental values of indigenous peoples. Northwest Regional Conference on the Emerging International Economic Order, Seattle, WA, 30 March; Center for World Indigenous Studies Fourth World Documentation Project Archive, available online at http://cwis.org/fwdp/International/indigeco.txt, accessed on 22 March, 2010.

Titel: Perceptions of Justice and the Human Rights Protect, Respect, and Remedy Framework
verfasst von: Matthew Murphy
Jordi Vives
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2013
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Journal of Business Ethics / Ausgabe 4/2013
Print ISSN: 0167-4544
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0697
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1821-0

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2013

Honorableness or Beneficialness? Cicero on Natural Law, Virtues, Glory, and (Corporate) Reputation

Cultural Diversity and Universal Ethics in a Global World

Human Rights in the Void? Due Diligence in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights

East Meets West: Toward a Universal Ethic of Virtue for Global Business

Weaning Business Ethics from Strategic Economism: The Development Ethics Perspective

The Cultural Roots of Ethical Conflicts in Global Business

Premium Partner