Performance Analysis of an Extended Sierpinski Gasket Fractal Antenna for Millimeter-wave Femtocells Applications

A performance study on the design and analysis of an extended Sierpinski gasket fractal antenna for mm-wave femtocell applications were implemented. The initial analysis includes the design of different stages of basic Sierpinski gasket fractal antenna and its performance characteristics like reflection coefficient, gain, and efficiency. The size of the basic equilateral triangle patch is around 5.193 mm. The antenna is designed on Arlon Di-clad 880 mm substrate materials with a thickness of 0.508 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2. The proposed antenna efficiently operates at frequencies from 24 to 61 GHz with reflection coefficient values \(-10\) to \(-32\) dB. The simulated gains in dB values at resonant frequencies are from 02 to 16 dB with almost 100% radiation efficiency. Later on, this design was extended, simulated, fabricated, and results like reflection coefficient, VSWR, and radiation are measured in an Anechoic chamber. The designed extended Sierpinski fractal antenna was radiated with the maximum electric field in all directions indicating an omnidirectional antenna at the desired feed position. The proposed antenna can work with 5G femtocell applications where Femto base stations require miniaturized antennas for indoor communications.