9. Planning and Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Distribution System Using Optimization Techniques

Global warming concerns have led developing as well as developed countries to promote the use of clean & green energy more than ever. Electric vehicle seems to be one of the most adaptable option to counter the concern. But to tackle environmental issues with electric vehicles, there are other factors that need to be addressed and understood. This chapter will showcase the impact of electric vehicle penetration on the power distribution grid and how the impact can be minimized using an optimization technique. The effects of introducing electric vehicles on the voltage profile, cost of generation, active and reactive power losses are discussed in view of emerging markets like India. A 69–bus system is considered for this study and different loads are applied to each branch of the system. A gradual increase in the load is provided and using AC- Optimal Power Flow (OPF) method, behaviour and impacts of different parameters is calculated and compared graphically. Finally, the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization technique has been employed to find the optimal location for EV charging stations Graphical comparisons are also done between base cases, scenario cases and systems with EV charging stations to reach a conclusion.