Plant growth regulators from microalgae biomass and their impact on the genetic fidelity of canola and tomato plantlets

The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence of canola and tomato in vitro plantlets cultured on MS medium supplemented with the plant growth regulators produced from some algae cultivated on BG11₀ for Cyanobacteria species (Anabaena oryzae and Nostoc muscorum) and BG11 for Chlorophyta species (Chlorella vulgaris) (as control media), grown on treated sewage wastewater concentration (TSW combined with control media) (100, 75, and 50%) and different concentrations of nitrogen (0, 0.5, 2, and 4 of NaNO₃ in BG11) for Chlorophyta. The experiment was conducted in triplicate, and cultures were incubated at 25 ± 1 °C under continuous aeration (1.25 L/min), 16:8 h light and dark cycle and illumination (40 µE/m²/s), and harvested at the end of the exponential phase. The HPLC was used for growth regulator (auxins and cytokinins) analysis in different algal treatments. Apical buds of canola and tomato seedlings were dissected and transferred to MS media with algal extract containing the optimum concentration of benzyl adenine (BA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) and different concentrations of synthetic hormones.Basal solidified MS medium and/or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were considered as control. Genetic stability among the produced in vitro plantlets of both plant species was evaluated by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The whole banding pattern of in vitro plantlets of both species revealed their low divergence compared to controls when cultured on medium with algal-based plant hormones. This work indicated that the use of sewage wastewater as media for cultivation of the investigated algae is safe, suitable, cheap, and not expensive methods when compared with the ordinary used media.