Proceedings of IDEAS 2022

The Front End of Innovation (FEI) is considered a critical point in the innovation process, as the choices made in the FEI will determine which innovation options should be considered for new product development and commercialization. Studies indicate that Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be used in the FEI and, although the literature suggests that AI may not be ready to fully take on highly creative tasks within the innovation process, it appears much promising as a support for managers and can play a key role in the innovation process. This research seeks to present these potentialities by systematically collecting and analyzing available studies in the literature with the aim to (I) gain a comprehensive understanding of the interconnections between Artificial Intelligence and Front End of Innovation, (II) provide an overview of the current state of the research in this field, and (III) identify important gaps in existing approaches as well as promising research trends. To achieve these goals, a systematic mapping was performed covering articles published in journals from three relevant databases. Initially, 494 primary studies were selected and subjected to a screening and review process, which resulted in the election of 53 articles whose models and solutions for using AI in FEI were classified and summarized. The results of the research point to the increasing use of AI in FEI. The Identification of Opportunities stands out for having the highest concentration of articles with use of AI, followed by areas of Analysis of Opportunities and Generation and Enrichment of Ideas.

The increasing interest in System-of-Systems (SoS) for engineering applications are introducing new challenges that must be overcome at an early design stage. One of these is the integration of different tools that can be used to make predictions about a system under development and how these together can be used to predict SoS performances by comparison of parameter spaces.The purpose of this paper is therefore to illustrate how different SoS architectures can be modeled, simulated, and evaluated throughout different scenarios by different teams of researchers following a common workflow.An ontology is used as an overarching knowledge base where information about entities, such as scenario details, can be extracted and used for the setup of Agent-based Simulations (ABS) through a tool integration software acting as master that controls the correct execution of the defined workflow.The tool integration software also enables additional modelling capabilities, such as a Design of Experiments (DOE) definition for design space explorations, an Optimizer with different algorithms, user-defined Python scripts, etc.

The challenges faced by those working with Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies that directly impact human social or ethical life can be divided into two main categories, encompassing philosophical concerns about the feasibility of incorporating ethics into algorithms and the technological challenges of AI development. Among the challenges are the ethical and social impacts connecting two intertwining domains, the human and technology. This study aimed to map the main social impacts of AI and the recommendations to mitigate these impacts, using the systematic literature review (SLR) as a methodological approach. Among the results, it became evident that the research for identification and analysis of social impacts has been growing in recent years, as well as the interest in mitigation actions. Through the analysis of the relationship between these two themes, it was possible to identify that one of the main impacts addressed is related to the fear of technology usurping jobs in the areas of commerce, industry, and transportation, which are the areas that already have practical examples where technology, in fact, is performing human functions. The main mitigation actions for this social impact included increasing public debate about this circumstance and creating laws, principles and methods for regulating the use of AI.

An increasing occurrence of facts that threaten public health, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, is driving the adoption of digital technologies, generating a large volume of data, and making the management, protection, and confidentiality of this information challenging. This paper aimed to carry out a bibliometric analysis to map data security strategies and tools in telehealth services and digital health. To this end, an exploratory study was conducted by collecting and analyzing secondary data from the Web of Science. This paper contributes to digital health providers by pointing out vulnerabilities, potentials, and trends in privacy and security of health care systems.

During the last years telemeetings have become an important communication channel. Participants can select the physical place in which they participate to meetings, and also the background image of their camera video, which is virtual place of the participant. This paper focuses on what effect the alternative places has on the concentration to the discussion topic.The research method of this paper is autoethnography in academic context. Test uses consist on Microsoft Teams meeting in two alternative physical places, i.e., an office and leisure place, and in two alternative virtual places, i.e., the background images of the office and leisure places. The topics of discussion were work, i.e., writing a paper, and leisure, i.e., planning a trip. The test users evaluated and described their feelings after the telemeetings.The result presents that both physical and virtual place matters. When the physical and virtual places are in line to the topic is discussion, it supports the concentration to the topic. Furthermore, when the physical and virtual places are in contradiction to the topic, it complicates the concentration to the topic.

The aim of this paper was to find out if members of an academic online community felt empowered to form collaborative relationships with their peers, sharing knowledge and experiences and more importantly increasing their knowledge on the subject data. We were able to assess the perception on the topic of data literacy based on the information gathered through a research action approach. According to the data, the participants engaged in mutual support during online meetings and answering questions about the relationship about the topic and their experiences. Although it was clear that during the time of the pandemic, the participants prioritized the topics that were most urgent for them, we still managed to achieve the objective of increasing the knowledge of data for the students engaged. For them it was clear the necessity to align data with social issues. For future studies it is necessary to think about the creation of interdisciplinary courses where the teaching of data is closer to the reality of the students.

The Covid-19 pandemic has increased people’s digital interactions and highlighted the need to improve health outcomes, promoting education and engagement in health care. Thus, in a context in which we perceive an increase in inequality, it is necessary to discuss inclusive, easily accessible strategies that involve digital interaction and community strengthening to innovate in the process of health literacy and health promotion. Through a narrative review of the literature, this study attempted to critically evaluate and discuss digital interaction through virtual communities as a strategy to strengthen the literacy process and health promotion, in this new scenario in which social collaboration and strengthening of communities are sought. Digital interactions can be tools for health by enabling the formation of communities capable of contributing to literacy and health promotion, strengthening dialogic communication and generating positive results in clinical outcomes and disease prevention.

Telehealth refers to the provision of health-related services and information via electronic information and telecommunications technologies. Health promotion programs are essential to improve health outcomes for adolescents, including improvements in their quality of life, functionality, independence, and equity. A student’s access to health care providers through school-based telehealth expands and improves, allowing them to stay or become healthy and focus on learning. To achieve these results is determinant to understanding how the social surroundings among adolescents affect their understanding of a healthy lifestyle and well-being. We co-created an innovative research protocol in need of understanding adolescents by employing a student-centered approach, dialogical communication method, and a student’s narrative creation of digital storytelling to help decision-makers with building a telehealth network, developing its health information exchange, and supporting an ambitious rollout of health information technology to assist a large number of adolescents through the creation of school-based telehealth initiatives by comprehending how digital health innovative strategies can address student health needs and combat growing concerns about student well-being when considering the digitalization of the Brazilian Health School Program (Programa Saúde na Escola - PSE).

In the educational context, elective courses focused on entrepreneurship challenge educators to adopt contemporary teaching approaches, centered on the student and with active methods that lead to learning and are lined up with market practices. Faced with the need to create a transdisciplinary educational environment, the following problem was listed for the study: “how to co-create a transdisciplinary learning environment for entrepreneurship, student-centered and integrated into the innovation ecosystem?” The objective of this research was to explain the process of co-creation of an entrepreneurship learning environment for a school subject of a Materials Engineering course, which involved the university and an actor from the innovation ecosystem. A qualitative method, action-research, was adopted, with the active participation of academic and non-academic researchers. The co-creation of the learning environment has theoretical foundations in constructivism, experiential and reflective learning, and Design Thinking (DT). The university’s integration with the innovation ecosystem, with latter in protagonism from the teaching program definition phase to the execution of the discipline, has the potential to transform the classroom into a hub for connecting ideas and people and an arena for student self-knowledge and personal planning. By describing the process of co-creation, this article brings to entrepreneurship educators the transdisciplinary approach and the elucidation of practices that can be adopted in educational approaches of this kind.

Science Parks convey the idea that technological innovation originates in scientific research. A triple helix configuration provides all the necessary conditions for science parks to achieve their goals. This paper aims to investigate the existing interactions of science parks with triple helix actors related to the development of talent attraction activities. Talent is a necessary resource to meet the growing demands for innovation of park firms. In fact, a firm’s ability to innovate and, consequently, to be successful seems to be related to its capacity to find and retain employees with relevant skills. This study analyses five case studies on three Swedish Science Parks and demonstrates the importance of the relationship with stakeholders to ensure support and the adequate development of attracting talent to Science Parks. Also, this study showed that the studied parks carry out different activities to attract talent, and the involvement of government agents and the local university proved to be essential for developing such activities.

Cuba is the object of investigation of many studies that seek to understand how the only socialist country in Latin America has endured for more than six decades. We assume that the economic restructuring policies intensified after 2008 are part of the continuity strategy. Thus, the aim of this paper is to explain how the legalization of private Micro and Small Enterprises (Mipymes) in the context of the 2021 crisis falls within the frameworks of updating Cuban socialism. The methodological approach of the research was of a theoretical-explanatory nature with analysis of data collected from primary sources. We verify that the expansion of non-state management has advantages, but also systemic and political-ideological problems that will tend to coexist for a long time to come. Although the adaptive measures incorporate market characteristics, the local development projects generated by the revolution still rule the system. Finally, we understand that the historical pendulum movement between centralization and economic flexibility adopted by the Cuban regime is part of what we understand as feasible socialism or sustainable socialism.

This paper presents an ethnographic action research study where we have interpreted data collected in and around a cluster organisation focused on innovation and change-making. This paper examines how organisations within a triple helix of innovation can unite and work to establish a common platform in the form of a test bed, where the challenge of a green transformation can be addressed from all participants’ perspectives. Test beds represent an experimental and co-creative approach to the construction of an innovation policy that aims to test, demonstrate and promote new socio-technical systems and associated modes of governance in a model environment under real-world conditions. The examined cluster includes industry, local- and regional government, academia and a state-owned research institute. Trust is crucial to building collaboration within the triple helix model of innovation and trust takes time to develop and to spread within the triple helix. Trust enables communal investments, such as the construction of technology demonstrators, based on shared research. These physical artefacts can be seen as evidence of the value of collaboration, which in turn further strengthens collaboration efforts.

The circular economy aims for an effective and efficient resource use. Thus, application of the concept can benefit the sustainability performance of companies. Specifically, business modelling is a key enabler for the transition to a circular economy. However, the related research is dominated by a focus on incumbent companies and their transition from linear to circular business models. This focus risks missing out on actors such as start-ups who can experiment with and develop potentially more radical circular business models. Thus, using interviews with 37 start-ups developing circular business models, we analyzed their characteristics and challenges. Our findings reveal that, such firms encounter general challenges related to circular business modelling and new venture development. Furthermore, such start-ups are often dependent on an ecosystem of actors to create, deliver and capture value based on circular principles. Thus, they encounter challenges to scale up their business based on their liabilities of smallness and dependency. Altogether, these challenges of “circular start-ups” call for a holistic approach to understanding their development process.

The aim of this work is to develop, improve and operate a domestic anaerobic digester as an open hardware apparatus to promote decentralized energy and nutrient recovery. A brief introduction to the concept of decentralized energy and nutrient recovery is presented and its connection to the Water-Food-Energy Nexus, which claims citizen participation in the process is highlighted. The construction and use of an Open Hardware anaerobic biodigester named Boitatá was based on communities of interest, so as to permit its replication in hackerspaces, fablabs, etc. The developed reactor was tested in real life conditions for a family of three people and their pets, and some improvements were proposed and implemented to make it easier to build and operate. During the field testing period it has managed to treat all the organic waste daily generated in the household (around 800 g) with a specific biogas production of around 0,710 Lbiogas/gSV, which covers about 21% of the family cooking energy demand, demonstrating the viability of the apparatus for the descentralized anaerobic digestion in urban households and small enterprises.

The microalga Scenedesmus sp. is a microorganism with great potential for the production of compounds applied to a variety of processes, as example for food, nanocomposites, bioplastics, micro aggregates for polymeric bases. Our goal was to evaluate different concentrations of the medium formulated with the fertilizer Plant Prod® for Scenedesmus sp. cultivation, and to verify this biomass’ proteins and lipids profile. The experiments were carried out in blocks, in a 3 × 2 factorial design with 3 repetitions, as follows: three different concentrations of fertilizer 8, 10 and 12 g/L, in the presence of two carbon sources, glucose or sodium bicarbonate at 12 g/L. The culture was aerated with a continuous air flow of 4.7 L min−1, average light intensity of 5.104 lux, pH 8.7, at 30 ℃. The experiments were monitored daily by measuring biomass concentration and the cultivations were concluded at the 18th day, when the biomass was collected and dried at 50 ℃ for total lipids and proteins extraction and quantification. The dry biomass and protein production were statistically higher for the conditions 12 g/L of Plant Prod® fertilizer and sodium bicarbonate carbon source, while the best cultivation condition for lipid production was 8 g/L of Plant Prod® fertilizer for both carbon sources. Thus, it was found that Plant Prod® fertilizer is a good alternative for this microalga’s classic media replacement, for cost reduction as well as better use of nutrients.

Society’s awareness of environmental issues over the years caused improvements in the way that the world consumes natural resources and then sustainability surged up. In this way, many business models have been created, and Circular Economy is considered one of the newest models, which is where the idea of the Circular Product emerged. In this research, a product was created with the fundamentals of circularity, where: its material composition is not raw but contaminated polystyrene (PS) collected from residues of pencil manufacturing; the manufacturing process must be clean and efficient because it is essential not to generate more waste. With this, it is possible to maintain human and environmental safety and at the same time, meet the consumer’s expectations.

The main objective of this work was to produce a multifunctional piece of furniture for the dining/living room. The Concurrent Design Model possibilities to generate a system for the production of flexible furniture from the Concurrent Design Model; other projects that have the same objectives this system can employ the said model. Finally, it was possible to create a reconfigurable and flexible use furniture, adaptable to the most common applications of living and dining rooms.

This study investigated, from the exploratory approach, the development of the design of a sustainable packaging of solid shampoo and conditioner, for a vegan cosmetic company. A scoping review of the literature highlighted the main authors and products that have been developed under the ecodesign perspective. The approach indicated that the innovative companies researched primarily use packaging design and type of material as a form of communication and expression with users. In the context of the study, considering the process of developing the packaging design, as well as the type of material used in the construction. The Engineering System methodology is used according to the stage of product innovation. The stages such as ideation and design have already been developed and the prototyping is in the final development phase. Finally, the experimentation of the packaging materials, support information for the final stages of the design creation process of the solid shampoo and conditioner packaging.

The main objective of this work was to diagnose non-conformities in the stock sector in an automotive company, applying quality tools based on the pillars of the 5S program so that the work environment is reflected in more optimized processes, considering the safety of all collaborators. As a methodology, a quantitative and qualitative approach was adopted with the application of a case study. In the execution of the case study, the quality tools called Check List, Key Performance Indicators (KPI's) and 5W2H were used to diagnose and propose improvements. As results achieved, the work resulted in an effective improvement in the organization of the sector, in addition to facilitating the communication of the area manager in communication with its employees. Finally, it was noticed that the improvements implemented not only can but should be applied throughout the company, not just in the sector studied.

This article explores the concept of the circular economy based on the use, as base material, of wood residues from the production process of a company that operates in the hygiene and cleaning products sector based at the Manaus Industrial Pole. These residues feed the manufacturing process of a Sustainable Joinery, which, in turn, manufactures custom products, as well as those from its catalog. It is intended to explore the manufacturing process in the context of the pillars of the circular economy. The methodology of this work consisted of exploring the stages of its manufacturing process, the process flows, the chain involved, and the waste management of this process. In this study, the life cycle stages of raw material supply and end-of-life pathways of wooden pallets were assessed environmentally from different perspectives with lifecycle assessment (LCA). In addition, it reveals the potential to be explored in the region due to the economic opportunities and social and environmental impacts since, considering only the year 2019, 21 tons of wood were reprocessed, representing an average monthly revenue in the order of $5,000. Moreover, it was possible to create new products from residues of the process and to make possible earns from that.

In this work we address the simultaneous flight planning of a fleet of UAVs. This Multi-vehicle routing problem (MVRP) has some particularities, including: the number UAVs used in a given mission has to be minimized, launching and landing sites are coincident; the number of visiting points tends to be large; the routes must be separated and well balanced among the UAVs, to promote collision avoidance and mission completion time, respectively. The resulting bi-criteria (minimum time and minimum total traveled distance) problem is solved by a two-level hierarchical algorithm. In the upper level, the algorithm finds the number of UAVs to be used in the mission and the visiting sites are aggregated into one disjoint balanced set per UAV. In the lower level, all UAV routes are computed in parallel. Although any TSP method might be applied, the authors found the convex hull incremental allocation algorithm of particular interest. The proposed algorithm, implemented in Java SE, is able to distribute up to fifteen hundred way-points among four vehicles and compute the respective routes in less than one second in an off-the-shelf 64 bits i5 processor with 4 GB RAM notebook.

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a disruptive new technology ready to be deployed in the coming years. By reducing travel time and alleviate traffic congestion with low carbon emission using eVTOL small vehicles suitable for intercity low-altitude flights, UAM promises to reshape urban mobility. Expectations are high, as most major players and investors are betting that, in the next decades, large cities in developed countries will have fully operational UAM services for intercity flights. However, in developing countries, this technology will impact the urban circulation space and, depending on the initial policies adopted, can help either to promote solutions to reduce inequalities related to transport or to deepen inequalities even further. This social aspect, despite its relevance, has not been addressed in most part of the related literature, which focuses mainly on technical-functional aspects. In this contribution, we seek to identify key elements in which UAM, as a new modal, could contribute to reduce transport-related inequalities in large cities in developing countries. The present work is the initial part of an ongoing research project dedicated to the study of UAM integration to help reduce social inequalities related to urban mobility.

The purpose of this study is to give an overview of the feasibility of electrification in different domains of vehicles for transportation and construction at a vehicle level. To achieve this an analytical framework for estimating the requirement domain in which a technology combination can be used in a system. Looking at key properties of technologies such as specific energy and power. This results in the definition of a figure of merit in the relationship between performance and cost. In this paper it is used on electric aircraft technologies, i.e., battery electric and hydrogen fuel cell aircraft, on heavy road vehicles and on work machines.

The search for effective solutions to increasingly complex problems arising from a changing, agile, and connected world has brought about the fusion of concept of transdisciplinary with innovation, originating the concept of transdisciplinary innovation, interconnecting the knowledges. Accordingly, the purpose of this integrative literature review was to investigate which are advantages that the transdisciplinary innovation can do emerged in the contexts presented from the analysis of the documents. The results pointed out that transdisciplinarity helps innovation. For example, organizations, both those that deliver products and those that deliver services, are eager to remain active and sustainable. This fusion will can improve them. Moreover, make it clear the need to break the disciplinary barriers, culturally embedded in academia and beyond it. Thus, transdisciplinary innovation can be a promising path for the parties involved, because as complex and connected problems appear, transdisciplinary innovation creates better solutions. Finally, a table is presented with its basic characteristics and some suggestions for best practices of transdisciplinary innovation.

To enhance students’ success skills, we immersed the students in transdisciplinary practice-based learning that was not constrained by traditional curriculum structures. In this case, students experienced working collaboratively on unbounded, un-scoped authentic global challenges with a diverse group of people - professionals, practitioners, entrepreneurs, and artisans including students from different disciplines. The study examined the overall changes in critical thinking levels exhibited by the students in the transdisciplinary practice-based learning compared to students in an interdisciplinary approach to practice-based learning. Our preliminary findings could inform instructors and instructional designers about how to use the transdisciplinary team approach in practice-based learning to address global challenges and trigger a higher level of critical thinking among undergraduate students.

The purpose of this article is to observe and associate the activities developed in the predominant occupations in the job market with multiple intelligences, according to the characterization and classifications of each of the proposed intelligences. For that, it is necessary to map which types of intelligence are most demanded in the occupations and consolidate them by educational level. This process occurs by choosing representative occupations in the job market and identifying which intelligences are most demanded in each of them, through a proposed scale. The sum of the results obtained in each of the occupations expresses which intelligences are predominant at each level of education, and, in a broad perspective, reflects what happens in the brazilian labor market. The results show that the higher the educational level of each occupation, the greater the level of intelligence demand. Although the final result shows the predominance of some intelligences, such as linguistic, emotional and logical-mathematical, there is a balancing between all of them. Thus, an important contribution of this research is related to public policies, projects and learning processes that can be planned, considering the balance and the cross-cutting look of multiple intelligences.

This study is based on a survey directed at Generation Z members (for the purposes of this study: people between 16 and 25 years old) segmented into three groups; people who work in large companies, those who work in start-ups, and those who are not currently working. The objective was to identify the intrapreneur profile in these three groups. This study is important because companies are increasingly looking for employees with this profile, giving more value to professionals with intrapreneurial skills, in order to become more competitive organizations. The results indicate that the employed members of Generation Z have traits of the intrapreneur profile, and they are bothered with traditional work models. Those who work in start-ups perceive that this type of organization, unlike conventional companies, tends to attract Gen Zers with intrapreneur characteristics. Although the study is limited by its sample size (91 respondents), it can be inferred that more dynamic environments (start-ups) attract and release the intrapreneurial spirits of Generation Z. Thus, we suggest more comprehensive studies whose results can lead to generalizations and that large companies should adopt actions aimed at retaining the Generation Z talents.

This article primarily aims to develop a hybrid framework for frugal innovation-oriented feature concept generation, by combining the fuzzy front end and design thinking paradigms, which is scantily available in the extant literature, adducing a scope to explore and development of the same of a certain kind. This concept generation process adopts empathy mapping and follows the first three steps of design thinking approach, namely, ‘empathize’, ‘define’ and ‘ideate’, while setting aside ‘prototype and test’ phases for development only after concept validation is undertaken, aligned with the fuzzy front end focus with affordability consideration based on frugal engineering paradigm. Frugal innovation and engineering succor sustainability: socially, as it addresses the issues of the base of the pyramid market and customer; economically, as it brings in affordability; and ecologically, since frugal design restricts features to only essentials or core, discarding the supererogatory ones, ensuing lesser consumption of material and other resources that in turn slashes energy requirement and thereby limits emission. The suitability of the model or rather the framework is tested by validating through the feedback of relevant experts by deploying Delphi modality for consensus opinion and convergence on the feature concept design for a product, to be developed frugally, that is with the perspective of affordability engineering. The feature considered in this study is the step-climbing capability, enabled by augmenting with double-acting load-bearing hydraulic cylinder attachment to a product that is a wheelchair in this case. The concept schematic is presented as a CAD model for judgment which is captured through a questionnaire that is also developed here. According to the observation of the experts, participating in the Delphi based study, a positive response is indicated, converging after the first round itself, establishing the efficacy of the proposed framework in product feature concept generation and proffering benefits to companies and especially in design and manufacturing oriented entrepreneurship, generally impeded with resource constraints.

The aim of this paper is to present the design of an accessible face mask as an applied framework to promote the principles of social innovation. During the pandemic, the Brazilian Deaf Community had not been properly considered as part of the emergency policies, which demanded the use of face masks, increasing communication barriers for a high-risk, underserved, and vulnerable population group. We approached this challenge proposing the use of the research action as problem solving method. As a result, a social organization brought together a group of local seamstresses, residents of a nearby slum, and the university together in a collaborative way to create the masks.

In recent years, digital health innovations have proliferated rapidly. Therefore, we must establish innovation processes that address the specificities faced by groups that represent the population’s diversity within a health context that employs technological tools that promote equity. Remembering than on a telemedicine platform the protocols used for a hearing user should not be the same for a Deaf user. To achieve the paper’s goal, we used an ethno-graphic action research method, with the participation of two Deaf researchers who documented their experiences and observed how healthcare is currently provided at the Institute of Hebiatrics. In development, a brief summary of the context of Service Design with TechQuity was presented. The method is based on Ethnography, being a type of scientific research that aims to know the culture of a specific group or environment, based on participant observation and may include other qualitative and quantitative methods. The analysis of the collected data was carried out through the meetings with the objective of tracing the context of the reality that Deaf users encounter during their health journey. It is concluded that it is important to place the Deaf user at the center of the solution design process, as he has his own ruler to measure con-strained feelings in relation to the lack of accessibility and autonomy in accessing health care, which is why inclusive designers identified the problems reported by Deaf researchers when designing a proposed solution.