nach oben

Rare Metals

Erschienen in:

27.02.2020

Reduction behavior of tungsten oxide with and without scandia doping

verfasst von: Jin-Shu Wang, Qiang Zhao, Tao Liu, Wei He

Erschienen in: Rare Metals | Ausgabe 3/2021

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

As an important powder material for scandate cathode, Sc₂O₃-doped WO₃ powder together with hollow spherical WO₃ for comparison was prepared by spray-drying method. The reduction behavior and kinetics of pure WO₃ and Sc₂O₃-doped WO₃ were studied by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) method. It is found that scandia doping can decrease the reduction activation energy of WO₃ and thus lower the reduction temperature and increase the reduction rate. Based on the kinetics results, the reduction techniques are presented. The obtained powder has a narrow size distribution in the range of 0.6–0.8 μm.

Vorheriger Artikel Microstructure and mechanical properties improvements in cemented carbides by (Cr,Mo,Ta)2(C,N) inhibitors

Nächster Artikel Microstructure stability of γ′ + β Ni–Al coated single-crystal superalloy N5 annealed at 1100 °C

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

[1]

Ginson JW, Hass GA, Thomas RE. Investigation of scandate cathodes: emission, fabrication. and activation processes. IEEE Trans Electron Devices. 1989;36(1):209.CrossRef

[2]

Wang JS, Yang YF, Wang YM, Liu W, Zhou ML. A review on scandia doped tungsten matrix scandate cathode. Rare Met. 2019;1(1):91.

[3]

Qi JB, Ru LL, Wu GX, Zhang JY, Chou KC. First principles application for mechanical properties of Ti-doped W particles enhanced U matrix composite. Rare Met. 2018;37(9):815.CrossRef

[4]

Yang Y, Wang YM, Liu W, Pan ZL, Li JH, Wang JS. Robustness investigation on nanosized-scandia-doped dispenser cathodes. IEEE Trans Electron Devices. 2018;65(6):2072.CrossRef

[5]

Xu Q, Liu FS. Transformation behavior and shape memory effect of Ti_50-xNi₄₈Fe₂Nb_x alloys by aging treatment. Rare Met. 2012;31(4):311.CrossRef

[6]

Kapustina VI, Lia IP, Shumanova AV, Lebedinskiib Y, Zablotskiib AV. Physical operating principles of scandate cathodes for microwave devices. Phys Electrons. 2017;62(1):116.

[7]

Wang JS, Lai C, Zhang X. Effect of scandia doping method on the emission uniformity of scandate cathode with Sc₂O₃–W matrix. Mater Res Bull. 2013;9(48):3594.CrossRef

[8]

Wang YM, Wang JS, Liu W, Zhang K, Li J. Development of high current-density cathodes with scandia-doped tungsten powders. IEEE Trans Electron Devices. 2007;54(5):1061.CrossRef

[9]

Liu X, Vancil BK, Beck MJ, Balk TJ. Near-surface material phases and microstructure of scandate cathodes. Materials. 2019;12(4):636.CrossRef

[10]

Liang WL, Wang YM, Wang JS. DC emission characteristic of nanosized-scandia-doped impregnated dispenser cathodes. IEEE Trans Electron Devices. 2014;61(6):1749.CrossRef

[11]

Zhao JF, Gamiza D, Li N, Li J, Spear AG, Luhmann N. Scandate dispenser cathode fabrication for a high-aspect-ratio high-current-density sheet beam electron gun. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices. 2012;59(6):1792.CrossRef

[12]

Vancil B, Lorr J, Brodie I, Schmicht V. Scandate dispenser cathodes with sharp transition and their application in microwave tubes. IEEE Trans Electron Devices. 2014;61(6):1754.CrossRef

[13]

Kirkwood DM, Gross SJ, Balk TJ. Frontiers in thermionic cathode research. IEEE Trans Electron Devices. 2018;65(6):2061.CrossRef

[14]

Sunil Kumar P, Jayasankar K, Ranjan B. Development of high density tungsten based scandate by spark plasma sintering for the application in microwave tube devices. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater. 2016;61:215.CrossRef

[15]

Zhang XZ, Wang JS, Liu W. Preparation of W–Sc₂O₃ targets and scandate cathodes with film prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Mater Res Bull. 2013;12(48):5040.CrossRef

[16]

Jacobs R, Morgan D, Booske J. Work function and surface stability of tungste-based thermionic electron emission cathodes. APL Mater. 2017;5:116105.CrossRef

[17]

Wang JS, Cui YT, Liu W, Wang YM, Yang F, Zhou F, Zhou ML. A study of scandia-doped-impregnated cathode fabricated by spray drying method. IEEE Trans Electron Devices. 2015;62(5):1635.CrossRef

[18]

Lai C, Wang JS, Zhou F. Preparation and surface characteristics of Re3W matrix scandate cathode: an experimental and theoretical study. Appl Surf Sci. 2018;440:763.CrossRef

[19]

Yang F, Wang JS, Wang YM. Investigation of nanosized-scandia-doped dispenser cathodes with machined surfaces. IEEE Trans Electron Devices. 2016;63(4):1728.CrossRef

[20]

Mroz MV, Kordesch ME, Sadowski JT. Scandium function in “scandate” thermionic cathodes: a microspot synchrotron radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of co-adsorbed Ba-Sc-O on W. J Vacuum Sci Technol A: Vacuum, Surf, Film. 2019;37(3):030602.CrossRef

[21]

Wang JS, Tian T, Liu W. Emission property and microstructure of Re doped cathode. J Beijing Polytech Univ. 2015;41(04):481.

[22]

Lai C, Wang JS, Zhou F. The adsorption and diffusion properties of scandium atom on the surfaces of tungsten and noble metals. Appl Surf Sci. 2018;457(1):1057.CrossRef

[23]

Hasker J, Crombeen JE, Dorst P AM. Comment on progress in scandate cathodes. IEEE Trans Electron Devices. 1989;36(1):215.CrossRef

[24]

Yuan HQ, Gu X, Pan KX, Wang YM, Liu W, Zhang K, Wang JS, Zhou ML, Li J. Characteristics of scandate-impregnated cathodes with sub-micron scandia-doped matrices. Appl Surf Sci. 2005;251(1–4):106.CrossRef

[25]

Vancil B, Olinger VL, Green MC. New findings on powder synthesis for scandate cathode matrices. IEEE Trans Electron Devices. 2018;65(6):2077.CrossRef

[26]

Wang JS, Lu H, Liu W, Wang YC, Li L, Zhou ML. A study of scandia doped tungsten nano-powders. J Rare Earths. 2007;25(2):194.CrossRef

[27]

Editing Committee of a Manual of Rare Metal. A Manual of Rare Metal. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press; 1995. 447.

[28]

Lassner E, Schubert WD. Tungsten: Properties, Chemistry, Technology of the Element, Alloys, and Chemical Compounds. Berlin: Springer; 1999. 145.CrossRef

[29]

Hurst NW, Gentry SJ, Jones A, McNicol BD. Temperature programmed reduction. Catal Rev. 1982;24(2):233.CrossRef

[30]

Xu Y, Wang R. Study of reduction kinetics of oxide system. Chem Eng Natural Gas. 1994;19:20.

Titel: Reduction behavior of tungsten oxide with and without scandia doping
verfasst von: Jin-Shu Wang
Qiang Zhao
Tao Liu
Wei He
Publikationsdatum: 27.02.2020
Verlag: Nonferrous Metals Society of China
Erschienen in: Rare Metals / Ausgabe 3/2021
Print ISSN: 1001-0521
Elektronische ISSN: 1867-7185
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-019-01367-3

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2021

Photocatalysis of Cd-doped ZnO synthesized with precipitation method

Electronic behavior of native oxide films on Ti and TiN during 90-day immersion in electrolytes with different pH levels

Enhancing room-temperature thermoelectric performance of n-type Bi2Te3-based alloys via sulfur alloying

Temperature-dependent structural, morphological and optical properties of chemical bath-deposited CdS films

Tailoring magnetostriction and magnetic domains of <100>-oriented Fe80Ga16Al4 alloy by magnetic field annealing

Microstructure, wetting property of Sn–Ag–Cu–Bi–xCe solder and IMC growth at solder/Cu interface during thermal cycling

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten