Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Small Business Economics 4/2014

01.04.2014

Revisiting the entrepreneur gender–performance relationship: a firm perspective

verfasst von: In Hyeock Lee, Matthew R. Marvel

Erschienen in: Small Business Economics | Ausgabe 4/2014

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Research shows that firms started by women underperform those started by men but the relationship may not be as straightforward as previously thought. Using a sample of 4,540 Korean ventures in 2002 we investigated the effects of three firm characteristics—resources, industry, and regional location—on firm performance. Results indicate that firms started by male entrepreneurs, compared to female, have greater firm assets, compete in high-technology manufacturing industries, and are more likely to locate in clustered regions. Further, these firm characteristics are positively associated with domestic and international firm performance. Findings suggest firm resource and context characteristics fully mediate the entrepreneur gender–firm performance relationship. Overall, gender is not a determinant of domestic or international firm performance.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
Since we cannot take logarithm of zero, we added a constant of 0.1 in order to retain those observations with zero value (Maitland et al. 2005).
 
2
We could not find any evidence of multicollinearity in our empirical analyses, because the VIF statistics and condition numbers for the independent and control variables were less than the popularly accepted critical values of 10 and 20, respectively.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Acs, Z., & Bosma, N. (2011). Entrepreneurship in world cities. In M. Minniti (Ed.), The dynamics of entrepreneurship: Evidence from global entrepreneurship monitor data (pp. 125–151). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef Acs, Z., & Bosma, N. (2011). Entrepreneurship in world cities. In M. Minniti (Ed.), The dynamics of entrepreneurship: Evidence from global entrepreneurship monitor data (pp. 125–151). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Allen, E. I., & Langowitz, N. S. (2011). Understanding the gender gap in entrepreneurship: A multicounty examination. In M. Minniti (Ed.), The dynamics of entrepreneurship: Evidence from global entrepreneurship monitor data (pp. 31–55). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef Allen, E. I., & Langowitz, N. S. (2011). Understanding the gender gap in entrepreneurship: A multicounty examination. In M. Minniti (Ed.), The dynamics of entrepreneurship: Evidence from global entrepreneurship monitor data (pp. 31–55). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Anna, A., Chandler, G., Jansen, E., & Mero, N. (2000). Women business owners in traditional and non-traditional industries. Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 279–303.CrossRef Anna, A., Chandler, G., Jansen, E., & Mero, N. (2000). Women business owners in traditional and non-traditional industries. Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 279–303.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Arthur, B. W. (1990). Silicon Valley locational clusters: When do increasing returns imply monopoly. Mathematical Social Sciences, 19, 235–251.CrossRef Arthur, B. W. (1990). Silicon Valley locational clusters: When do increasing returns imply monopoly. Mathematical Social Sciences, 19, 235–251.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bania, N., Eberts, R., & Fogarty, M. S. (1993). Universities and the startup of new companies: Can we generalize from route 128 and Silicon Valley? Review of Economics and Statistics, 75, 761–766.CrossRef Bania, N., Eberts, R., & Fogarty, M. S. (1993). Universities and the startup of new companies: Can we generalize from route 128 and Silicon Valley? Review of Economics and Statistics, 75, 761–766.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Baptista, R., & Swann, P. (1998). Do firms in clusters innovate more? Research Policy, 27, 525–540.CrossRef Baptista, R., & Swann, P. (1998). Do firms in clusters innovate more? Research Policy, 27, 525–540.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Barber, B., & Odean, T. (2001). Boys will be boys: Gender, overconfidence, and common stock investment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116, 261–292.CrossRef Barber, B., & Odean, T. (2001). Boys will be boys: Gender, overconfidence, and common stock investment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116, 261–292.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator distinction in social psychological research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.CrossRef Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator distinction in social psychological research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Baum, J. A. C., & Haveman, H. A. (1997). Love thy neighbor? Differentiation and agglomeration in the Manhattan hotel industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 304–338.CrossRef Baum, J. A. C., & Haveman, H. A. (1997). Love thy neighbor? Differentiation and agglomeration in the Manhattan hotel industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 304–338.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Baum, J., & Mezias, S. (1992). Localized competition and organizational failure in the Manhattan hotel industry, 1898–1990. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37, 580–604.CrossRef Baum, J., & Mezias, S. (1992). Localized competition and organizational failure in the Manhattan hotel industry, 1898–1990. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37, 580–604.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Beaudry, C., & Swann, P. (2001). Growth in industrial clusters: A bird’s eye view of the United Kingdom. Stanford, CA: Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research. Beaudry, C., & Swann, P. (2001). Growth in industrial clusters: A bird’s eye view of the United Kingdom. Stanford, CA: Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research.
Zurück zum Zitat Bercovitz, J., & Feldman, M. (2007). Fishing upstream: Firm innovation strategy and university research alliances. Research Policy, 36, 930–948.CrossRef Bercovitz, J., & Feldman, M. (2007). Fishing upstream: Firm innovation strategy and university research alliances. Research Policy, 36, 930–948.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bhide, A. (2000). The origin and evolution of new businesses. New York, NY: Oxford Press. Bhide, A. (2000). The origin and evolution of new businesses. New York, NY: Oxford Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Bird, B., & Brush, C. (2002). A gendered perspective on organizational creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26, 41–65. Bird, B., & Brush, C. (2002). A gendered perspective on organizational creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26, 41–65.
Zurück zum Zitat Birley, S., Moss, C., & Saunders, P. (1987). Do women entrepreneurs require different training? American Journal of Small Business, 12, 27–35. Birley, S., Moss, C., & Saunders, P. (1987). Do women entrepreneurs require different training? American Journal of Small Business, 12, 27–35.
Zurück zum Zitat Bleeker, M. M., & Jacobs, J. E. (2004). Achievement in math and science: Do mothers’ beliefs matter 12 years later? Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 97–109.CrossRef Bleeker, M. M., & Jacobs, J. E. (2004). Achievement in math and science: Do mothers’ beliefs matter 12 years later? Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 97–109.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Boden, R. (1999). Flexible working hours, family responsibilities, and female self-employment: Gender differences in self-employment selection. The American Journal of Economic Sociology, 58, 71–76.CrossRef Boden, R. (1999). Flexible working hours, family responsibilities, and female self-employment: Gender differences in self-employment selection. The American Journal of Economic Sociology, 58, 71–76.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brana, S. (2013). Microcredit: An answer to the gender problem in funding? Small Business Economics, 40, 87–100.CrossRef Brana, S. (2013). Microcredit: An answer to the gender problem in funding? Small Business Economics, 40, 87–100.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brush, C. G. (1992). Research on women business owners: Past trends, a new perspective and future directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17, 5–30. Brush, C. G. (1992). Research on women business owners: Past trends, a new perspective and future directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17, 5–30.
Zurück zum Zitat Brush, C. G., Carter, N. M., Gatewood, E. J., Greene, P. G., & Hart, M. (2004). Gatekeepers of venture growth: A Diana Project report on the role and participation of women in the venture capital industry. Kansas City, MO: Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. Brush, C. G., Carter, N. M., Gatewood, E. J., Greene, P. G., & Hart, M. (2004). Gatekeepers of venture growth: A Diana Project report on the role and participation of women in the venture capital industry. Kansas City, MO: Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.
Zurück zum Zitat Brush, C. G., Carter, N. M., Gatewood, E. J., Greene, P. G., & Hart, M. (2006). Growth-oriented women entrepreneurs and their businesses: A global research perspective. Cheltenham, UK: Elgar.CrossRef Brush, C. G., Carter, N. M., Gatewood, E. J., Greene, P. G., & Hart, M. (2006). Growth-oriented women entrepreneurs and their businesses: A global research perspective. Cheltenham, UK: Elgar.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brush, C. G., & Vanderwerf, P. A. (1992). A comparison of methods and sources for obtaining estimates of new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 7, 157–170.CrossRef Brush, C. G., & Vanderwerf, P. A. (1992). A comparison of methods and sources for obtaining estimates of new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 7, 157–170.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bygrave, W. D., & Zacharakis, A. (2004). The portable MBA in entrepreneurship. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Bygrave, W. D., & Zacharakis, A. (2004). The portable MBA in entrepreneurship. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Zurück zum Zitat Campi, M. T. C., Blasco, A. S., & Marsal, E. V. (2004). The location of new firms and the life cycle of industries. Small Business Economics, 22, 265–281.CrossRef Campi, M. T. C., Blasco, A. S., & Marsal, E. V. (2004). The location of new firms and the life cycle of industries. Small Business Economics, 22, 265–281.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Carlton, D. W. (1983). The location and employment choices of new firms: An econometric model with discrete and continuous endogenous variables. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 65, 440–449.CrossRef Carlton, D. W. (1983). The location and employment choices of new firms: An econometric model with discrete and continuous endogenous variables. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 65, 440–449.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Carroll, G., & Hannan, M. (2000). The demography of corporations and industries. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Carroll, G., & Hannan, M. (2000). The demography of corporations and industries. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Carter, N., Gartner, W., Shaver, K., & Gatewood, E. (2003). The career reasons of nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 13–29.CrossRef Carter, N., Gartner, W., Shaver, K., & Gatewood, E. (2003). The career reasons of nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 13–29.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Carter, S., & Rosa, P. (1998). The financing of male- and female-owned businesses. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 10, 225–241.CrossRef Carter, S., & Rosa, P. (1998). The financing of male- and female-owned businesses. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 10, 225–241.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Carter, N., Williams, M., & Reynolds, P. (1997). Discontinuance among new firms in retail: The influence of initial resources, strategy and gender. Journal of Business Venturing, 13, 125–145.CrossRef Carter, N., Williams, M., & Reynolds, P. (1997). Discontinuance among new firms in retail: The influence of initial resources, strategy and gender. Journal of Business Venturing, 13, 125–145.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cassar, G. (2004). The financing of business start-ups. Journal of Business Venturing, 19, 261–283.CrossRef Cassar, G. (2004). The financing of business start-ups. Journal of Business Venturing, 19, 261–283.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cavalluzzo, K. S., Cavalluzzo, L. C., & Wolken, J. D. (2002). Competition, small business financing, and discrimination: Evidence from a new survey. The Journal of Business, 75, 641–679.CrossRef Cavalluzzo, K. S., Cavalluzzo, L. C., & Wolken, J. D. (2002). Competition, small business financing, and discrimination: Evidence from a new survey. The Journal of Business, 75, 641–679.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chung, W., & Kanins, A. (2001). Agglomeration effects and performance: A test of the Texas lodging industry. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 969–988.CrossRef Chung, W., & Kanins, A. (2001). Agglomeration effects and performance: A test of the Texas lodging industry. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 969–988.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cole, R. A., & Wolken, J. D. (1995). Financial services used by small businesses: Evidence from the 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finance. Federal Reserve Bulletin, 81, 629–667. Cole, R. A., & Wolken, J. D. (1995). Financial services used by small businesses: Evidence from the 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finance. Federal Reserve Bulletin, 81, 629–667.
Zurück zum Zitat Coleman, S. (2002). Characteristics and borrowing behavior of small, women-owned firms: Evidence from the 1998 Survey of Small Business Finances. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 14, 151–166. Coleman, S. (2002). Characteristics and borrowing behavior of small, women-owned firms: Evidence from the 1998 Survey of Small Business Finances. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 14, 151–166.
Zurück zum Zitat Contractor, F. J., Kundu, S. K., & Hsu, C. C. (2003). A three-stage theory of international expansion: The link between multinationality and performance in the service sector. Journal of International Business Studies, 34, 5–18.CrossRef Contractor, F. J., Kundu, S. K., & Hsu, C. C. (2003). A three-stage theory of international expansion: The link between multinationality and performance in the service sector. Journal of International Business Studies, 34, 5–18.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Correll, S. J. (2001). Gender and the career choice process: The role of biased self-assessments. American Journal of Sociology, 106, 1691–1730.CrossRef Correll, S. J. (2001). Gender and the career choice process: The role of biased self-assessments. American Journal of Sociology, 106, 1691–1730.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Correll, S. J. (2004). Constraints into preferences: Gender, status, and emerging career aspirations. American Sociological Review, 69, 93–113.CrossRef Correll, S. J. (2004). Constraints into preferences: Gender, status, and emerging career aspirations. American Sociological Review, 69, 93–113.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Delios, A., & Beamish, P. W. (2005). Regional and global strategies of Japanese firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 45, 19–36. Delios, A., & Beamish, P. W. (2005). Regional and global strategies of Japanese firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 45, 19–36.
Zurück zum Zitat DeMartino, R., & Barbato, R. (2003). Differences between women and men MBA entrepreneurs: Exploring family flexibility and wealth creation as career motivators. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 815–832.CrossRef DeMartino, R., & Barbato, R. (2003). Differences between women and men MBA entrepreneurs: Exploring family flexibility and wealth creation as career motivators. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 815–832.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dollinger, M. J. (1999). Entrepreneurship: Strategies and resources. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Dollinger, M. J. (1999). Entrepreneurship: Strategies and resources. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Zurück zum Zitat Eddleston, K. A., & Powell, G. N. (2008). The role of gender identity in explaining sex differences in business owners’ career satisfier preferences. Journal of Business Venturing, 23, 244–256.CrossRef Eddleston, K. A., & Powell, G. N. (2008). The role of gender identity in explaining sex differences in business owners’ career satisfier preferences. Journal of Business Venturing, 23, 244–256.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fairlie, R. W., & Robb, A. M. (2009). Gender differences in business performance: Evidence from the characteristics of business owners survey. Small Business Economics, 33, 375–395.CrossRef Fairlie, R. W., & Robb, A. M. (2009). Gender differences in business performance: Evidence from the characteristics of business owners survey. Small Business Economics, 33, 375–395.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Feldman, M., Francis, J., & Bercovitz, J. (2005). Creating a cluster while building a firm: Entrepreneurs and the formation of industrial clusters. Regional Studies, 39, 129–141.CrossRef Feldman, M., Francis, J., & Bercovitz, J. (2005). Creating a cluster while building a firm: Entrepreneurs and the formation of industrial clusters. Regional Studies, 39, 129–141.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fischer, E. M., Reuber, A. R., & Dyke, L. S. (1993). A theoretical overview and extension of research on sex, gender, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 151–168.CrossRef Fischer, E. M., Reuber, A. R., & Dyke, L. S. (1993). A theoretical overview and extension of research on sex, gender, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 151–168.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Folta, T., Cooper, A., & Baik, Y. (2006). Geographic cluster size and firm performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 21, 217–242.CrossRef Folta, T., Cooper, A., & Baik, Y. (2006). Geographic cluster size and firm performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 21, 217–242.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Geroski, P. (2001). Exploring the niche overlaps between organizational ecology and industrial economics. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10, 507–540.CrossRef Geroski, P. (2001). Exploring the niche overlaps between organizational ecology and industrial economics. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10, 507–540.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gilbert, B. A., McDougall, P. P., & Audretsch, D. B. (2008). Clusters, knowledge spillovers and new venture performance: An empirical examination. Journal of Business Venturing, 23, 405–422.CrossRef Gilbert, B. A., McDougall, P. P., & Audretsch, D. B. (2008). Clusters, knowledge spillovers and new venture performance: An empirical examination. Journal of Business Venturing, 23, 405–422.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gimeno, J., Folta, T., Cooper, A., & Woo, C. (1997). Survival of the fittest? Entrepreneurial human capital and the persistence of underperforming firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 750–783.CrossRef Gimeno, J., Folta, T., Cooper, A., & Woo, C. (1997). Survival of the fittest? Entrepreneurial human capital and the persistence of underperforming firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 750–783.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Goerzen, A., & Beamish, P. (2003). Geographic scope and multinational enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 1289–1306.CrossRef Goerzen, A., & Beamish, P. (2003). Geographic scope and multinational enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 1289–1306.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gomes, L. K., & Ramaswamy, K. (1999). An empirical examination of the form of the relationship between multinationality and performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 30, 173–188.CrossRef Gomes, L. K., & Ramaswamy, K. (1999). An empirical examination of the form of the relationship between multinationality and performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 30, 173–188.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Greene, W. H. (2000). Econometric analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Greene, W. H. (2000). Econometric analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Zurück zum Zitat Hill, J., & Naroff, J. L. (1984). The effect of location on the performance of high-technology firms. Financial Management, 13, 27–36.CrossRef Hill, J., & Naroff, J. L. (1984). The effect of location on the performance of high-technology firms. Financial Management, 13, 27–36.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hitt, M. A., Beamish, P. W., Jackson, S. E., & Mathieu, J. E. (2007). Building theoretical and empirical bridges across levels: Multilevel research in management. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 1385–1399.CrossRef Hitt, M. A., Beamish, P. W., Jackson, S. E., & Mathieu, J. E. (2007). Building theoretical and empirical bridges across levels: Multilevel research in management. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 1385–1399.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hyde, J. S., Lindberg, S. M., Linn, M. C., Ellis, A. B., & Williams, C. C. (2008). Gender similarities characterize math performance. Science, 321, 494–495.CrossRef Hyde, J. S., Lindberg, S. M., Linn, M. C., Ellis, A. B., & Williams, C. C. (2008). Gender similarities characterize math performance. Science, 321, 494–495.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hyytinen, A., & Toivanen, O. (2005). Do financial constraints hold back innovation and growth?: Evidence on the role of public policy. Research Policy, 34, 1385–1403.CrossRef Hyytinen, A., & Toivanen, O. (2005). Do financial constraints hold back innovation and growth?: Evidence on the role of public policy. Research Policy, 34, 1385–1403.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Johnsen, G. J., & McMahon, R. G. P. (2005). Owner-manager gender, financial performance and business growth amongst SMEs from Australia’s Business Longitudinal Survey. International Small Business Journal, 23, 115–142.CrossRef Johnsen, G. J., & McMahon, R. G. P. (2005). Owner-manager gender, financial performance and business growth amongst SMEs from Australia’s Business Longitudinal Survey. International Small Business Journal, 23, 115–142.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kelley, D., Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., & Litovsky, Y. (2011). Global entrepreneurship monitor 2010 women’s report. Babson Park, MA: Babson College. Kelley, D., Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., & Litovsky, Y. (2011). Global entrepreneurship monitor 2010 women’s report. Babson Park, MA: Babson College.
Zurück zum Zitat Kelley, D. J., Singer, S., & Herrington, M. (2012). GEM 2011 global report. Babson Park, MA: Babson College. Kelley, D. J., Singer, S., & Herrington, M. (2012). GEM 2011 global report. Babson Park, MA: Babson College.
Zurück zum Zitat Kleinman, S. (1998). Overview of feminist perspectives on the ideology of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 35, 837–844.CrossRef Kleinman, S. (1998). Overview of feminist perspectives on the ideology of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 35, 837–844.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Klevorick, A., Levin, R., Nelson, R., & Winter, S. (1995). On the sources and significance of inter-industry differences in technological opportunities. Research Policy, 25, 185–205.CrossRef Klevorick, A., Levin, R., Nelson, R., & Winter, S. (1995). On the sources and significance of inter-industry differences in technological opportunities. Research Policy, 25, 185–205.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li, S. (2004). Location and performance of foreign firms in China. Management International Review, 44, 151–169. Li, S. (2004). Location and performance of foreign firms in China. Management International Review, 44, 151–169.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, L. (2005). Is regional strategy more effective than global strategy in the US service industries? Management International Review, 45, 37–57. Li, L. (2005). Is regional strategy more effective than global strategy in the US service industries? Management International Review, 45, 37–57.
Zurück zum Zitat Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (2001). Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle. Journal of Business Venturing, 16, 429–451.CrossRef Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (2001). Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle. Journal of Business Venturing, 16, 429–451.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lynn, R., & Irwing, P. (2004). Sex differences on the progressive matrices: A meta-analysis. Intelligence, 32, 481–498.CrossRef Lynn, R., & Irwing, P. (2004). Sex differences on the progressive matrices: A meta-analysis. Intelligence, 32, 481–498.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Maitland, E., Rose, E. L., & Nicholas, S. (2005). How firms grow: Clustering as a dynamic model of internationalization. Journal of International Business Studies, 36, 435–451.CrossRef Maitland, E., Rose, E. L., & Nicholas, S. (2005). How firms grow: Clustering as a dynamic model of internationalization. Journal of International Business Studies, 36, 435–451.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Marvel, M. R., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2007). Technology entrepreneurs’ human capital and its effects on innovation radicalness. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31, 807–828.CrossRef Marvel, M. R., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2007). Technology entrepreneurs’ human capital and its effects on innovation radicalness. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31, 807–828.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McCann, B. T., & Folta, T. B. (2011). Performance differentials within geographic clusters. Journal of Business Venturing, 26, 104–123. McCann, B. T., & Folta, T. B. (2011). Performance differentials within geographic clusters. Journal of Business Venturing, 26, 104–123.
Zurück zum Zitat Minniti, M., & Arenius, P. (2003). Women in entrepreneurship. In Entrepreneurial advantage of nations: First annual global entrepreneurship symposium. United Nations Headquarters, New York, NY. Minniti, M., & Arenius, P. (2003). Women in entrepreneurship. In Entrepreneurial advantage of nations: First annual global entrepreneurship symposium. United Nations Headquarters, New York, NY.
Zurück zum Zitat Minniti, M., Arenius, P., & Langowitz, N. (2005). Global entrepreneurship monitor: 2004 report on women and entrepreneurship. Babson Park, MA: Babson College. Minniti, M., Arenius, P., & Langowitz, N. (2005). Global entrepreneurship monitor: 2004 report on women and entrepreneurship. Babson Park, MA: Babson College.
Zurück zum Zitat Minniti, M., & Bygrave, W. D. (2003). National entrepreneurship assessment: United States of America executive report. Kansas City, KC: Kauffman Foundation. Minniti, M., & Bygrave, W. D. (2003). National entrepreneurship assessment: United States of America executive report. Kansas City, KC: Kauffman Foundation.
Zurück zum Zitat Morgan, R. P., Kruytbosch, C., & Kannankutty, N. (2001). Patenting and innovation activity of U.S. scientists and engineers in the academic sector: Comparisons with industry. Journal of Technology Transfer, 26, 173–183.CrossRef Morgan, R. P., Kruytbosch, C., & Kannankutty, N. (2001). Patenting and innovation activity of U.S. scientists and engineers in the academic sector: Comparisons with industry. Journal of Technology Transfer, 26, 173–183.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Neider, L. (1987). A preliminary investigation of female entrepreneurs in Florida. Journal of Small Business Management, 25, 22–29. Neider, L. (1987). A preliminary investigation of female entrepreneurs in Florida. Journal of Small Business Management, 25, 22–29.
Zurück zum Zitat Norton, E. (1991). Capital structure and small public firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 6, 287–303.CrossRef Norton, E. (1991). Capital structure and small public firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 6, 287–303.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat NSF. (2010). Science and engineering indicators 2010. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation. NSF. (2010). Science and engineering indicators 2010. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.
Zurück zum Zitat Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879–903.CrossRef Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879–903.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Porter, M. E. (1998). On competition. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing. Porter, M. E. (1998). On competition. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing.
Zurück zum Zitat Porter, M. E. (2003). The economic performance of regions. Regional Studies, 37, 549–578.CrossRef Porter, M. E. (2003). The economic performance of regions. Regional Studies, 37, 549–578.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Qian, G., & Li, L. (2003). Profitability of small- and medium-sized enterprises in high-tech industries: The case of the biotechnology industry. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 881–887.CrossRef Qian, G., & Li, L. (2003). Profitability of small- and medium-sized enterprises in high-tech industries: The case of the biotechnology industry. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 881–887.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Qian, G., Li, L., Li, J., & Qian, Z. (2008). Regional diversification and firm performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 39, 197–214.CrossRef Qian, G., Li, L., Li, J., & Qian, Z. (2008). Regional diversification and firm performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 39, 197–214.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ronstadt, R. (1988). The corridor principle. Journal of Business Venturing, 3, 31–40.CrossRef Ronstadt, R. (1988). The corridor principle. Journal of Business Venturing, 3, 31–40.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Roper, S., & Scott, J. M. (2009). Perceived financial barriers and the start-up decision: An econometric analysis of gender differences using GEM data. International Small Business Journal, 27, 149–171.CrossRef Roper, S., & Scott, J. M. (2009). Perceived financial barriers and the start-up decision: An econometric analysis of gender differences using GEM data. International Small Business Journal, 27, 149–171.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ruigrok, W., & Wagner, H. (2003). Internationalization and performance: An organization learning perspective. Management International Review, 43, 63–83. Ruigrok, W., & Wagner, H. (2003). Internationalization and performance: An organization learning perspective. Management International Review, 43, 63–83.
Zurück zum Zitat Scott, A. J., & Storper, M. (2003). Regions, globalization, development. Regional Studies, 37, 579–593.CrossRef Scott, A. J., & Storper, M. (2003). Regions, globalization, development. Regional Studies, 37, 579–593.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shane, S. (2003). A general theory of entrepreneurship: The individual-opportunity nexus. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.CrossRef Shane, S. (2003). A general theory of entrepreneurship: The individual-opportunity nexus. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shaver, J. M., & Flyer, F. (2000). Agglomeration economies, firm heterogeneity, and foreign direct investment in the United States. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 1175–1193.CrossRef Shaver, J. M., & Flyer, F. (2000). Agglomeration economies, firm heterogeneity, and foreign direct investment in the United States. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 1175–1193.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Staber, U. (1998). Organizational survival in small-firm clusters. Paper presented at the academy of management, San Diego, CA. Staber, U. (1998). Organizational survival in small-firm clusters. Paper presented at the academy of management, San Diego, CA.
Zurück zum Zitat Sternberg, R. (2011). Interregional disparities, entrepreneurship, and EU regional policy. In M. Minniti (Ed.), The dynamics of entrepreneurship: Evidence from global entrepreneurship monitor data (pp. 153–180). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef Sternberg, R. (2011). Interregional disparities, entrepreneurship, and EU regional policy. In M. Minniti (Ed.), The dynamics of entrepreneurship: Evidence from global entrepreneurship monitor data (pp. 153–180). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tallman, S., & Li, J. (1996). Effects of international diversity and product diversity on the performance of multinational firms. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 179–196.CrossRef Tallman, S., & Li, J. (1996). Effects of international diversity and product diversity on the performance of multinational firms. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 179–196.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Van der Zwan, P., Verheul, I., & Thurik, A. R. (2012). The entrepreneurial ladder, gender, and regional development. Small Business Economics, 39, 627–643.CrossRef Van der Zwan, P., Verheul, I., & Thurik, A. R. (2012). The entrepreneurial ladder, gender, and regional development. Small Business Economics, 39, 627–643.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Van Osnabrugge, M., & Robinson, R. J. (2000). Angel investing: Matching startup funds with startup companies—The guide for entrepreneurs and individual investors. Bass: Jossey. Van Osnabrugge, M., & Robinson, R. J. (2000). Angel investing: Matching startup funds with startup companies—The guide for entrepreneurs and individual investors. Bass: Jossey.
Zurück zum Zitat Venkataraman, S. (2004). Regional transformation through technological entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 19, 153–167.CrossRef Venkataraman, S. (2004). Regional transformation through technological entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 19, 153–167.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Verheul, I., & Thurik, R. (2001). Start-up capital: Does gender matter? Small Business Economics, 16, 329–345.CrossRef Verheul, I., & Thurik, R. (2001). Start-up capital: Does gender matter? Small Business Economics, 16, 329–345.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Walters, J., & McNeely, C. L. (2010). Recasting title IX: Addressing gender equity in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics professoriate. Review of Policy Research, 27, 317–332.CrossRef Walters, J., & McNeely, C. L. (2010). Recasting title IX: Addressing gender equity in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics professoriate. Review of Policy Research, 27, 317–332.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Watson, J. (2002). Comparing the performance of male- and female-controlled businesses: Relating outputs to inputs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26, 91–100. Watson, J. (2002). Comparing the performance of male- and female-controlled businesses: Relating outputs to inputs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26, 91–100.
Zurück zum Zitat Watson, J. (2012). Networking: Gender differences and the association with firm performance. International Small Business Journal, 30, 536–558.CrossRef Watson, J. (2012). Networking: Gender differences and the association with firm performance. International Small Business Journal, 30, 536–558.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wetzel, W. E. (1987). The informal venture capital market: Aspects of scale and market efficiency. Journal of Business Venturing, 2, 299–313.CrossRef Wetzel, W. E. (1987). The informal venture capital market: Aspects of scale and market efficiency. Journal of Business Venturing, 2, 299–313.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 20, 71–91.CrossRef Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 20, 71–91.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Winter, S. (1984). Schumpeterian competition in alternative technological regimes. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 5, 287–320.CrossRef Winter, S. (1984). Schumpeterian competition in alternative technological regimes. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 5, 287–320.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zahra, S., Ireland, D., & Hitt, M. (2000). International expansion by new venture firms: International diversity, mode of market entry, technological learning, and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 925–950.CrossRef Zahra, S., Ireland, D., & Hitt, M. (2000). International expansion by new venture firms: International diversity, mode of market entry, technological learning, and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 925–950.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Revisiting the entrepreneur gender–performance relationship: a firm perspective
verfasst von
In Hyeock Lee
Matthew R. Marvel
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2014
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Small Business Economics / Ausgabe 4/2014
Print ISSN: 0921-898X
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0913
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9497-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2014

Small Business Economics 4/2014 Zur Ausgabe

Premium Partner