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2023 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

19. Russia’s Two Transitions (1992–2003 and 2003–2022)

verfasst von : Marek Dabrowski

Erschienen in: The Contemporary Russian Economy

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Since the collapse of the communist regime and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia has experienced two political and economic transitions. In the 1990s, the Russian economy was transformed from the command system of a central planning based on the almost monopoly of state ownership and largely closed to the external world to a more open market system based predominantly on private ownership. However, in 2003, the economic system started moving towards more state ownership, government interference in economic life, and inward-oriented economic policies. The global financial crisis of 2008–2009, the annexation of Crimea and the war in Donbas (2014–2015), the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, and the associated sanctions and countersanctions accelerated this process.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Standard of Living and Social Policy

See https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/Country_and_Territory_Ratings_and_Statuses_FIW_1973-2022%20.xlsx.

Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation adopted in 2020 (see Chapter 5) further increased the prerogatives of the president and practically eliminated the time limit (two consecutive 6-year terms) for holding this office.

The discussion of why this window of political opportunity was narrow and short-lived as compared with Central European and Baltic countries goes beyond the agenda of this chapter and this textbook.

One of the questions concerned support for the socio-economic policy conducted by the president and the government.

To be fair, in the 1990s, Russia’s economic reform progress looked better as compared with many other FSU and South-East European countries—see e.g., World Bank (1996, 2002); EBRD (1999).

What was the real wage and income level in the early 1990s, in the presence of a widespread physical shortage of goods (a form of hidden inflation) and black market, is another question. Taking this factor into account, perhaps the actual decline in living standard in the 1990s was less dramatic than that statistically recorded.

See http://www.ebrd.com/downloads/research/economics/macrodata/sci.xls.

Aslund, A. (2012). Why Gazprom Resembles a Crime Syndicate. The Moscow Times, 28 February, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/why-gazprom-resembles-a-crime-syndicate/453762.html

Dabrowski, M. (2001). Some Thoughts on the Russian Transition, 1990–2000. 30 March. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281289143_Some_Thoughts_on_the_Russian_Transition_1990-2000

Dabrowski, M. (2014). EU cooperation with non-member neighboring countries: the principle of variable geometry. CASE Network Reports 114. http://www.case-research.eu/files/?id_plik=5073

Dabrowski, M. (2021). The Antidemocratic Drift in the Early 21st Century: Some Thoughts on its Roots, Dynamics and Prospects. Central European Business Review 10(2):63–83. https://cebr.vse.cz/pdfs/cbr/2021/02/04.pdf

Dabrowski, M., Mau, V., Yanovskiy, K., Sinitsina, I., Antczak, R., Zhavoronkov, S., & Shapovalov, A. (2004). Russia: Political and Institutional Determinants of Economic Reforms. CASE Reports 56. http://www.case-research.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2437193_RC%2056_0.pdf

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Gel’man, V. (2015). Authoritarian Russia: Analyzing Post-Soviet Regime Changes. University of Pittsburgh Press

IMF. (2014). Russian Federation: 2014 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Informational Annex; Press Release. IMF Country Report 14/175. International Monetary Fund, Washington DC, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr14175.pdf

Sprenger, C. (2010). State ownership in the Russian economy: Its magnitude, structure and governance problems. The Journal of the Institute of Public Enterprise 33(1–2), http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1657905_code438253.pdf?abstractid=1311223&mirid=1

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Titel: Russia’s Two Transitions (1992–2003 and 2003–2022)
verfasst von: Marek Dabrowski
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: The Contemporary Russian Economy
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-17381-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-17382-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17382-0_19

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