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2023 | Buch

Natural Resources, Geography, and Climate Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

The Contemporary Russian Economy

A Comprehensive Analysis

herausgegeben von: Marek Dabrowski

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

This textbook offers a wide-ranging, comprehensive analysis of the contemporary Russian economy (as it functions in the early 2020s) concentrated on the economy, economic policy, and economic governance. Chapters cover recent Russian economic history, the economic geography of Russia, natural resources, population, major sectors and industries, living standards and social policy, institutions, governance, economic policy, and Russia's role in the global economy. The book will provide a comparative cross-country context, analysing how the Russian economy and its institutions perform compared to its peers to help students and instructors understand Russia’s strengths, weaknesses, and future challenges. Prepared by a team of leading Russian and international experts on the respective topics, this textbook will be of interest to those studying Russian economics. It will be valuable reading for undergraduate and graduate students of Russian studies, the Russian economy, Russian politics, the economics of transition, the economics of emerging markets, and international relations.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Natural and Human Resources

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Natural Resources, Geography, and Climate
Abstract
The size of Russia’s territory exceeds 17 million square kilometres, or one-eighth of the Earth’s surface. It stretches for about ten thousand kilometres from east to west and for more than four thousand kilometres from north to south. The maritime area under the country’s jurisdiction extends for more than eight million square kilometres.
Leonid Limonov, Denis Kadochnikov
Chapter 2. Human Resources
Abstract
The multi-ethnic and multicultural population of Russia has been subject to substantial demographic changes since the last decade of the twentieth century, including negative population growth, a shrinking working-age population, and population aging. These changes pose challenges to the country’s economic growth potential and public finances.
Irina Denisova, Marina Kartseva

Historical Roots

Frontmatter
Chapter 3. Capitalist Industrialisation and Modernisation: From Alexander’s Reforms Until World War I (the 1860s–1917)
Carol Scott Leonard
Chapter 4. The Soviet Economy (1918–1991)
Abstract
The Bolsheviks had aimed when they took power for a state capitalist system to keep skilled capitalist managers in place while slowly moving towards socialism; they rapidly laid the foundations of a socialist economy under the coercive policies of ‘War Communism’ (1918–1921).
Carol Scott Leonard

Institutions and Their Transformation

Frontmatter
Chapter 5. Constitutional Foundations of the Post-communist Russian Economy and the Role of the State
Christopher A. Hartwell
Chapter 6. Business and Investment Climate, Governance System
Marek Dabrowski
Chapter 7. Evolution of Ownership Structure and Corporate Governance
Abstract
While theoretical conclusions about the advantages of different ownership forms are rather controversial, most empirical studies show that private companies outperform state-owned ones in numerous financial indicators.
Alexander Radygin, Alexander Abramov

Major Sectors and Regional Diversity

Frontmatter
Chapter 8. Structural Changes in the Russian Economy Since 1992
Svetlana Avdasheva
Chapter 9. Energy Sector
Abstract
The energy sector contributes significantly to Russia’s economy, supports its competitiveness, and shapes the country’s internal political economy and foreign relations. Russia’s high energy and emission intensities reflect the country’s advantage as owner of vast fossil fuel endowments and high energy consumption needs as well as its legacy of Soviet-forced industrialisation and post-Soviet economic policies, which tend to support energy production and keep domestic energy prices at relatively low levels.
Przemyslaw Kowalski
Chapter 10. Agriculture
Abstract
Since the 1990s, the agriculture sector in Russia has undergone a deep systemic transformation in terms of land ownership, market-based production and investment, market pricing, external openness, and technical modernisation. As a result of its systemic transformation, three types of agricultural farms emerged: (i) large private enterprises, including agri-holdings (which play a dominant role in grain production); (ii) family farms; and (iii) household plots.
Eugenia Serova
Chapter 11. Regional Diversity
Abstract
The population of Russia is extremely unevenly distributed over its territory. The average population density as of 1 January 2021 was 8.54 people per square kilometre. The majority of the population (68.53%) lives in the European part of Russia, which constitutes one-fifth (20.82%) of Russia’s territory and has the most favourable climatic conditions.
Leonid Limonov, Olga Rusetskaya, Nikolay Zhunda

Russia in the Global Economy

Frontmatter
Chapter 12. Russia in World Trade
Abstract
Transition has increased Russia’s openness and trade, but Russia is still a medium-sized trader and not a giant in the field. However, Russia is a very large commodity exporter. Russia’s foreign trade grew exponentially from 1991 to 2012, and then slowed down. Fuel exports with rising commodity prices were a strong driver and led to fluctuations over time. During the first stage of transition, Russia turned to Western Europe, and later China entered the field, both at the expense of trade with the former Soviet Union (FSU). Russia has benefited from China’s growth and could likely benefit from further trade integration with Western Europe as well as China.
Arne Melchior
Chapter 13. Foreign Investment
Kalman Kalotay
Chapter 14. Sanctions and Forces Driving to Autarky
Abstract
Since the second half of the 2000s, political relations between Russia and its Western partners have gradually deteriorated. Both caused by the Russian authorities’ military and foreign policy decisions, two turning points dramatically accelerated this deterioration. First, in March 2014, Russia annexed Crimea, a part of the Ukrainian territory. Shortly after it began to support the separatist movement in Donbas actively. Second, on 24 February 2022, Russia started a military invasion of Ukrainian territory. In both cases, the United States, European Union, and other advanced economies responded with economic sanctions, which, together with Russia’s domestic and international countermeasures, started decoupling the Russian economy from global markets.
Marek Dabrowski, Svetlana Avdasheva

Economic and Social Policy Challenges

Frontmatter
Chapter 15. Economic Growth
Ilya Voskoboynikov
Chapter 16. Macroeconomic Vulnerability, Monetary, and Fiscal Policies
Marek Dabrowski
Chapter 17. Labour Market, Employment, and Migration
Abstract
This chapter discusses the labour market developments that have been taking place since the start of Russia’s economic transition.
Vladimir Gimpelson
Chapter 18. Standard of Living and Social Policy
Abstract
Russia is an upper middle-income country as measured by GDP per capita and household disposable income. For sizeable groups of the population, however, the opportunities for high living standards are undermined by high income and wealth inequality.
The prevalence of low-paid jobs in the formal and informal sectors is responsible for the high poverty risk of working adults. This risk is amplified if there are children in the families. Low intergenerational income mobility increases the risk of intergenerational poverty.
Irina Denisova, Marina Kartseva

Summary

Frontmatter
Chapter 19. Russia’s Two Transitions (1992–2003 and 2003–2022)
Abstract
Since the collapse of the communist regime and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia has experienced two political and economic transitions. In the 1990s, the Russian economy was transformed from the command system of a central planning based on the almost monopoly of state ownership and largely closed to the external world to a more open market system based predominantly on private ownership. However, in 2003, the economic system started moving towards more state ownership, government interference in economic life, and inward-oriented economic policies. The global financial crisis of 2008–2009, the annexation of Crimea and the war in Donbas (2014–2015), the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, and the associated sanctions and countersanctions accelerated this process.
Marek Dabrowski
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
The Contemporary Russian Economy
herausgegeben von
Marek Dabrowski
Copyright-Jahr
2023
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-17382-0
Print ISBN
978-3-031-17381-3
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17382-0

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