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Erschienen in:
Some General Rocket Features Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Sailcraft Concepts

verfasst von : Giovanni Vulpetti

Erschienen in: Fast Solar Sailing

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

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Abstract

The concept of sea sailing can be extended to space traveling. The basic idea is to utilize some energy already present in space for avoiding the main drawback of a rocket vehicle: to be forced to carry all necessary reaction mass onboard. The more energetic is the mission transfer the more massive is the spaceship. Future space missions are expected to increase in number, purpose, and energy. It should be clear that any new good method for practically enlarging human exploration and expansion does not mean quitting rocket propulsion. On the other hand, there are a high number of missions that are impossible to rockets, not strictly in mathematical terms, but because of the very large mass and complexity of the involved systems, including space infrastructures. In this chapter, three sailing modes for traveling in space are dealt with; only the third one is a “strict” sail, namely, a two-dimensional object through which an external-to-vehicle momentum flux can be captured and translated into thrust. After a summary of the solar-wind properties, subsequent sections describe concepts regarding generation of thrust via solar wind, but involve large volumes. In principle, this is not a limitation: problems would come from other features, as discussed. All other section/subsections of the chapter describe sailcraft and its main systems, at least as they are conceived today and how presumably may evolve. Solar-wind large fluctuations are emphasized by means of data coming from the NASA’s OMNIWeb interface.

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Vorheriges Kapitel The Sun as Power Source for Spaceflight
Nächstes Kapitel Solar Sails in Interplanetary Environment
Fußnoten
1
It was formerly named the interplanetary magnetic field, or IMF. Famous is the Parker’s theory; a subset of Parker’s papers is given in [23‐29].
 
2
I.e. lasting less than one solar rotation period, typically.
 
3
Many elements, one or several times or totally ionized, are present in the solar wind: for example, C, N, O, Na, Ar, Xe, Mg, Si, Ca, S, Kr, Fe. Energy/charge distribution tails up to about 60 keV/e have been measured by spacecraft Ulysses; ions exhibit energy/mass values up to about \(60(Z_{\mathit{ion}}^{+}/A_{\mathit{ion}})~\mathrm{keV}/\mathrm{u}\), with a mean value of ≃10 keV/u.
 
4
During the flight, tearing may be caused by space debris and/or micro-meteorites.
 
5
In Chap. 6, we will give this adjective a quantitative meaning together with equations that may allow the analyst to calculate the effect of wrinkling on thrust case by case.
 
6
This monitoring may be effected via television cameras exploring the sail surface.
 
7
A polymer containing the so-called imide monomers, widely utilized in the electronics industry.
 
8
A piece of 10 m×10 m 2-micron sheet of CP1 was used by NASA for its experimental NanoSail-D [14], which did not achieve its orbit because of the failure of its launcher (August 2008). The flight spare—NanoSail-D2—was successfully launched in December 2010. It completed its mission on September 17, 2011.
 
9
Only very preliminary studies have been performed in Italy in the Nineties.
 
10
Though space satellites such as the NASA IMAGE spacecraft (March 2000–December 2005) and the ESA four-satellite CLUSTER (∼3–19 earth radii, still operational since August 2000) have discovered or confirmed fundamental phenomena in the Earth’s magnetosphere, nevertheless the realization of a sailcraft-based mission like GeoSail would combine SPS technological/physical aspects with measurements in the Earth magnetosphere in the region ∼11–23 earth radii (http://​sci.​esa.​int).
 
11
Part of the solar wind penetrates into the magnetosphere and is channeled down to Earth, bringing about a number of phenomena, some of which may disturb human telecommunications and electric-energy transport (to cite the most common).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Sailcraft Concepts
verfasst von
Giovanni Vulpetti
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Buch
Fast Solar Sailing

Print ISBN: 978-94-007-4776-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-007-4777-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2013

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4777-7_3

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