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Erschienen in:
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2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Solar Sails in Interplanetary Environment

verfasst von : Giovanni Vulpetti

Erschienen in: Fast Solar Sailing

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

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Abstract

This chapter deals with some aspects of the influence of the solar-wind particles and the ultraviolet/X-soft radiation to photon sail materials. The related sections are preparatory to Chap. 9, where a formal model to be inserted into the trajectory equations is set up. The current chapter consists of three main sections: the first one is devoted to the solar sail immersed in the solar wind, the second one regards the effect of the UV-XUV light onto the sail reflective film, and the third one considers the interaction of solar-wind protons and Helium ions on a sail moving with respect to the wind. As one can see in these sections, there are some simultaneous processes that stem from the particle impact on the solar sail, but ultimately one aims at regarding sail trajectory through the alteration of the optical properties of the sail surface. In addition to references and the author’s personal investigation, plasma data information obtained from NASA’s OMNIWeb interface is utilized again.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Sailcraft Concepts
Nächstes Kapitel Fundamentals of Sailcraft Trajectory
Fußnoten
1
This length is also reported as the Larmor radius in few textbooks and many websites. However, Larmor frequency does not regard gyration, but the precession of magnetic dipoles in an external magnetic induction field, and is a quantum phenomenon as well. The classical expression for Larmor frequency is very similar to the gyro-frequency but a factor 1/2. The helix curvature is given by κ=(ℓ q )−1(V ⊥/V)2.
 
2
Here, we adapted the customary RTN notation into rtn for avoiding confusion with the related capital letters that have different meanings in this book.
 
3
According to Fisk’s model of the solar wind and magnetic induction, the super-radial expansion of polar-cap field lines begins non-radially with large displacements in heliographic longitude and latitude with respect to the final radial direction.
 
4
Histograms of ϕ obs −ϕ Parker , related to low latitudes, are double-peaked, one about 0° and the other about 180°, revealing the existence of two magnetic sectors.
 
5
In the theory, B n =0 everywhere results from the assumption that, in an inertial frame, solar wind is perfectly radial.
 
6
In literature, Eq. (4.20), and its factors, may be found under different author names. Here, we preferred to focus on the physics rather than on not so a clear history.
 
7
Within plasma sheath, the plasma is no-longer quasi-neutral, strictly speaking. However, if V/l sheath is low, one may go on using n e ≅n i .
 
8
Just for visualization purposes, one might picture a cone-like volume with the planar object as its base.
 
9
Given a lattice, choosing a primitive cell is not unique; however, the number of atoms in any primitive cell is an invariant for the given crystal structure [21]. A primitive cell is a particular type of unit cell.
 
10
This cross section includes more-than-one electron emission provided the photon energy is sufficiently high.
 
11
The reader, who searches for the photoelectric effect over specialized literature, will also read a different dependence on both Z and λ, specifically a cross section proportional to Z 5 and λ 7/2. Looking carefully, one should note that such function is reported when E (K)≪hc/λ≪m e c 2, e.g. in phenomena involving hard X-rays.
 
12
ρ S δ S represents the sail loading of the bare reflective layer.
 
13
This would happen for a sail 90° tilted to sunlight and moving perfectly in solar radial direction for a finite time, an unrealistic situation indeed.
 
14
At higher incidence angles, a number of phenomena are expected such that the simple cosine-law, assumed in certain steps of the here-developed sail-voltage model, is no longer valid.
 
15
Even adding backscattered and secondary particle currents (Sect. 4.2.1) to the model, this feature does not change qualitatively.
 
16
The truss known as the boom—for spaceflight applications—regards a very-light deployable rigidizable structure, usually periodic in construction. Every “period” consists of some main elements such as the longerons, diagonals, battens, and joints. Each element plays a different role in terms of withstanding/passing loads.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Solar Sails in Interplanetary Environment
verfasst von
Giovanni Vulpetti
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Buch
Fast Solar Sailing

Print ISBN: 978-94-007-4776-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-007-4777-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2013

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4777-7_4

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