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2003 | Buch

Scalable Enterprise Systems

An Introduction to Recent Advances

herausgegeben von: Vittal Prabhu, Soundar Kumara, Manjunath Kamath

Verlag: Springer US

Buchreihe : Integrated Series in Information Systems

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Über dieses Buch

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is the leading sponsor of basic academic research in engineering, and its influence far exceeds its budget. We think NSF is at its best when it uses that influence to focus interest within the researcher community on critical new challenges and technologies. NSF's Scalable Enterprise Systems (SES) initiative, for which we were responsible in our successive terms in the division of Design, Manufacture and Industrial Innovation (DMII), was just such a venture. A collaborative effort spanning NSF's engineering and computer science directorates, SES sought to concentrate the energies of the academic engineering research community on developing a science base for designing, planning and controlling the extended, spatially and managerially distributed enterprises that have become the norm in the manufacture, distribution and sale of the products of U. S. industry. The of associated issues addressed included everything from management supply chains, to product design across teams of collaborating companies, to e-marketing and make-to-order manufacturing, to the information technology challenges of devising inter-operable planning and control tools that can scale with exploding enterprise size and scope. A total of 27 teams with nearly 100 investigators were selected from the 89 submitted proposals in the Phase I, exploratory part of the effort (see the list below). Seven of these were awarded larger multi-year grants to continue their research in Phase II. As the contents of this book amply illustrate, these investigations continue to flourish, with and without direct NSF support.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. A Review of Enterprise Process Modelling Techniques
Abstract
Enterprises are becoming more distributed and collaborative as a result of rapid advances in telecommunications and Web-based technologies. The changing nature of enterprises has, in turn, led to research and development towards new techniques and products for the modelling, specification, monitoring, and operational control of business processes and enterprise functions. This chapter overviews several prominent enterprise process modeling techniques, illustrates their key features with the help of a common example, and points to the need for further process-modelling research to support the design/redesign and improvement of next-generation enterprises. This chapter ends with a brief account of recent research on the development of a new process-modelling framework and language.
Manjunath Kamath, Nikunj P. Dalal, Amit Chaugule, Eswar Sivaraman, William J. Kolarik
Chapter 2. Design and Manufacturing Process Management in a Network of Distributed Suppliers
Abstract
In this paper, we presented the basic structure of an XML-based scalable enterprise system called Manufacturing Integration and Design Automation System (MIDAS) to support collaboration among a network of suppliers engaged in the design and manufacturing of prototype parts. MIDAS provides a new paradigm where design and manufacturing processes can be represented and integrated within each vendor and with other venders working together to build a prototype. The framework is developed based on Java and XML to provide the efficient and secure interchange of data among the vendors involved in designing and building a prototype. While the quantity of parts is one aspect of the problem, scalability also includes the ability of a system to adapt to a changing environment, including new products, processes, technology, markets, and business partners. The key issues are (1) how to achieve the appropriate representation of process model, (2) how to model various constraints in design and manufacturing and to use them in order to find the best-of-practice process, and (3) how to maintain interdependencies within the network of vendors.
In order to resolve these issues, the process logic, which deals with the problems such as “how to do each subtask in detail, and what methods should I use,” is separated from the structural information of process such as “what subtasks are there, and what are the necessary sequence of processes?” Otherwise, excessive information demises the effectiveness of the decision makers in business, design and manufacturing tasks. Consequently, MIDAS was implemented using a layered approach where process information is separated into syntactic layer and execution layer. Process grammar captures the syntactic layer of process information: the relationships between tasks and subtasks, the alternatives of process decompositions, data dependencies among tasks. The execution layer provides the detail on how each task can be executed in a particular situation by choosing appropriate alternatives and executing the enter and exit criteria for executing each subtask.
Finally, we will present a simple example for service processes in cooperation with the companies in the Jackson Smart Park as a part of our modeling efforts. While the model we create will focus on prototyping services, we expect that the basic concepts for process configuration and constraint management will be applicable to a broader range of manufacturing industries. Such an enterprise system will be scalable in terms of not only volume but also variations, and will evolve into a powerful tool to model, configure, and reconfigure a wide variety of processes in relation to e-commerce activities in a virtual community.
Moon Jung Chung, Patrick Kwon, Brian Pentland
Chapter 3. Finite Automata Modeling and Analysis of Supply Chain Networks
Abstract
This chapter introduces a new approach for modeling and design analysis of supply chain networks. A supply chain defines a network of enterprises that should work in harmony according to a set of business protocols. Traditionally, the business protocol within a supply chain is pre-defined so that changes in one business may potentially require extensive changes and set-ups on the other business partners. What we are proposing in this chapter provides the framework for a new paradigm so that some aspects of business protocol defined across the supply chain do not have to be pre-defined. Instead the inter- and intra-business logic within the supply chain provides reconfigurability and scalability across the network. Our modeling and design paradigm is built upon the results obtained from the discrete event control-theoretic subject area. The results from our methodology provide a blueprint for the design of enterprise software that coordinate the various tasks within an enterprise and between the enterprises in a supply chain network.
Houshang Darabi, Mohsen A. Jafari
Chapter 4. Distributed Control Algorithms for Scalable Decision-Making from Sensors-to-Suppliers
Abstract
In this chapter we will review distributed algorithms that have been developed for decision-making and control across enterprises. We will identify the key barriers in scaling such decision making across multiple functions including production scheduling, maintenance scheduling, inventory management, and transportation. After this we will review a class of algorithms based on distributed arrival time control. These algorithms can also be scaled in size because of their non-combinatorial nature and inherent parallel/distributed nature. The mathematical techniques required for modeling and analysis of these control systems are also reviewed. Applications and extensions of the distributed arrival time control algorithms for various functions are presented.
Vittal Prabhu
Chapter 5. Collaborative Multiagent Based Information Infrastructure for Transportation Problem Solving
Abstract
In this chapter, we present a multiagent computational approach to solve a procurement problem that falls under the supply chain domain. In this approach we model each transportation company as consisting of a master and several slaves. A master represents the task negotiator and task allocator for a company. A slave represents a vehicle to whom the tasks are allocated by its master. We consider a transportation problem containing several stochastic parameters for real-time decision making. Each master and slave is modeled using BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) logical model of an agent. The emphasis in this paper is on the information infrastructure for information exchange between the agents. We define the interactions between the agents and model the interactions using Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language (KQML) based syntax and semantics.
Goutam Satapathy, Soundar R. T. Kumara
Chapter 6. Improving Scalability of E-Commerce Systems with Knowledge Discovery
Abstract
The efficiency of many data driven e-commerce system may be compromised by an abundance of data. In this chapter we discuss how knowledge discovery and data mining techniques can be useful in improving the scalability of data driven e-commerce systems. In particular we focus on improving scalability via dimensionality reduction and improving the information view experienced by each user. To address these issues, we cover several common data mining problems, including feature selection, clustering, classification, and association rule discovery and present several scalable methods and algorithms that address each of those problems. Numerous examples are included to illustrate the key ideas.
Sigurdur Olafsson
Chapter 7. A Scalable Supply Chain Infrastructure Research Test-Bed
Abstract
Two classes of systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and supply chain management (SCM) systems, are now widely used to support the coordination of activities across major organizational components and supply chain partners. We collectively refer to such systems, as well as closely related systems and tools, as supply chain infrastructures (SCIs). In this chapter, we provide a review of various SCI architectures, describe in detail a scalable SCI research test-bed that we developed and define an integration architecture and model. In our test-bed, we use middleware and a collaboration-based architecture to achieve “application scalability”. In addition, we illustrate, by embedding an advanced available to promise (ATP) model and a simulation model within our test-bed, how to achieve “business scalability”. This chapter also describes these two classes of decision models in detail and summarizes on-going research projects based on our test-bed.
Z.-Y. Zhao, M. Ball, C.-Y Chen
Chapter 8. Publish Subscribe Middleware
Abstract
Publish subscribe (pub-sub) middleware has become very popular in building large scale distributed systems. Application domains that benefit from publish subscribe architectures include supply-chain management, financial applications, e-commerce applications, workflow systems, and information distribution systems.
Lukasz Opyrchal, Atul Prakash
Chapter 9. Experimental Study of Scalability Enhancement for Reverse Logistics E-Commerce
Abstract
Methods of improving scalability in online auctions include limiting the number of bidding opportunities, providing price information to users, and recommending auctions that may be of interest to the users. We constructed an experimental prototype auction system in the context of reverse logistics for electronics products. Experiments were designed to test the effects of the number of trading opportunities and the amount of previous price and bid information presented to users. The participants’ profits improved with the number of trading opportunities but showed mixed effects for increasing price and bid information. The induction of decision trees for an auction recommender is illustrated along with the use of attribute selection to reduce the size of the tree.
Sarah M. Ryan, K. Jo Min, Sigurdur Olafsson
Chapter 10. Web-Based Distributed Multi-Agent Architecture for Implementing Value Nets
Abstract
The value net creates a network of suppliers, and distributors such that the product becomes customer centric. In order to implement the value net model, information processing and distribution need to occur in real time. Software agent technology is becoming popular due to the inherent characteristics of autonomy, distributedness and modularity. In this reserach, we adopt agent technology to handle all real time decision processes, making the value net model a complex multi-agent network of decision makers. For the agents to properly coordinate their respective activities we develop Valcomm, a Web-based multi-agent language grounded in the XML and Java. Such a system will enhance the overall performance of all the participating organizations. Valcomm will truly implement extended enterprises.
Soundar R. T. Kumara, Chad Dodd, Taioun Kim
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Scalable Enterprise Systems
herausgegeben von
Vittal Prabhu
Soundar Kumara
Manjunath Kamath
Copyright-Jahr
2003
Verlag
Springer US
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4615-0389-7
Print ISBN
978-1-4613-5052-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0389-7