Secure energy aware routing protocol for trust management using enhanced Dempster Shafer evidence model in multi-hop UWAN

At present, underwater wireless ad hoc networks (UWAN) are widely used in enormous applications. At the same time, UWAN faced many security issues, like energy leaks. The energy hole will make the network lifetime end soon. However, most existing underwater research has not taken security as serious threat. This article aims to provide a new secure data transmission scheme in UWAN, in which the management and deployment of UWAN is typically done by a trusted authority. The proposed Cluster Tree Enhanced Dempster Shafer based Bidirectional Butterfly Optimization algorithm (CT-EDS-BBO) will be divided into three phases. Initially, the cluster-based tree routing protocol designed for cluster formation, CH selection process, and routing process establishment. In the second phase, the Enhanced Dempster Shafer Evidence Theory uses the fusion rule to evaluate the trust value for each node, which is used to determine the security of each node and to detect the Malicious Node. Finally, the Bidirectional Butterfly Optimization algorithm model is designed to avoid the energy hole issue and to allocate a routing channel for secure data transmission over UWAN. The results obtained from simulation analysis demonstrate that the proposed CT-EDS-BBO has observable benefits over the conventional methods with a Packet Delivery Ratio of 90%, energy consumption of 0.14 J, a network lifetime of 732 s for 200 rounds, and an end-to-end delay of 0.12 s.