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Erschienen in:
2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
10. Seismic Logistics and Planning
verfasst von : Andreas Laake
Erschienen in: Remote Sensing for Hydrocarbon Exploration
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Abstract
The success of hydrocarbon exploration depends on the quality of the three-dimensional information of the subsurface. Seismic data play an important role in generating high quality subsurface models. The planning of onshore seismic surveys aims at acquiring the best possible data quality with the least effort. In flat open terrain without obstacles the planning of seismic surveys is a straight-forward task and the seismic acquisition is mostly optimized to fast acquisition. In complex terrain, however, significant attention is paid to mitigating the risks related to people, equipment and data quality in addition to fast acquisition with the goal to optimize all parameters for the most efficient operation. This part of the planning is where remote sensing data prove to be most useful. Typically the following remote sensing data and derivatives are used for the task:
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Digital relief model and surface gradient: these data provide the basis for the topography and terrain dip which have a major impact on logistics and data quality.
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Multispectral satellite imagery: the optical bands which provide the best spatial resolution are used for terrain reconnaissance to enhance the terrain information obtained from the DRM. The shortwave infrared bands enable the interpretation for lithology to discriminate different rock types and vegetation.
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Radar back scatter imagery: is sensitive to terrain roughness at a resolution well below the wavelength of the microwaves. The back scatter intensity allows the discrimination of soft sandy surfaces from clay or gypsum flat and hard rock blocks to the texture of slopes and escarpments.
The three aspects covered in this section, i.e. logistics, data quality and near surface modeling, are closely linked. Therefore in each chapter, we will have a major focus on one aspects whilst mentioning aspects of the other two aspects as well.