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Erschienen in:
Will the Transportation Revolutions Improve Our Lives—or Make Them Worse? Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Shared Mobility: The Potential of Ridehailing and Pooling

verfasst von : Susan Shaheen

Erschienen in: Three Revolutions

Verlag: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics

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Abstract

Ridesharing is older than horse-and-buggy travel, and recent innovations make sharing easier, more convenient, and more efficient than ever before. Innovative mobility services premised on pooling can lower travel costs, mitigate congestion, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They also offer travelers more mobility choices beyond the traditional bookends of auto ownership and public transit. While the realm of shared mobility is vast, including shared bikes, scooters, and cars, the focus of this chapter is on pooled services—placing more people in a single vehicle. Doing so unlocks huge economic, social, and environmental benefits.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Electric Vehicles: Approaching the Tipping Point
Nächstes Kapitel Vehicle Automation: Our Best Shot at a Transportation Do-Over?
Fußnoten
1
Nelson Chan and Susan Shaheen, “Ridesharing in North America: Past, Present, and Future,” Transport Reviews 32 (January 2012): 93–112.
 
2
US Census Bureau, 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B08006.
 
3
John Zimmer, “The Third Transportation Revolution: Lyft’s Vision for the Next Ten Years and Beyond,” Medium, 18 September 2016.
 
4
Eric Newcomer, “GM Invests $500 Million in Lyft,” Bloomberg Technology, 4 January 2016.
 
5
Nellie Bowles and Danny Yadron, “Self-Driving Cars Hog the Road at CES,” The Guardian, 7 January 2016.
 
6
Zimmer, “Third Transportation Revolution.”
 
7
Faiz Siddiqui, “Uber Is Betting D.C. Commuters Are Willing to Pay to Slug,” Washington Post, 27 March 2017.
 
8
Meg Graham, “Uber Tests Commuting Service for Drivers with a Seat to Spare,” Chicago Tribune, 8 December 2015.
 
9
Manish Singh, “Uber Eyes UberCommute Expansion in India,” Mashable, 24 November 2016.
 
10
Susan Shaheen, Adam Stocker, and Marie Mundler, “Online and App-Based Carpooling in France: Analyzing Users and Practices—A Study of BlaBlaCar,” in Disrupting Mobility: Impacts of Sharing Economy and Innovative Transportation on Cities, ed. Gereon Meyer and Susan Shaheen (New York: Springer, 2017), 181–96.
 
11
“BlaBlaCar Unveils Opel Leasing Deal in Boost for Ride-Sharing,” Automotive News, 6 April 2017.
 
12
Susan Shaheen, Nelson D. Chan, and Teresa Gaynor, “Casual Carpooling in the San Francisco Bay Area: Understanding Characteristics, Behaviors, and Motivations,” Transport Policy 51 (January 2016): 165–73.
 
13
Ibid.
 
14
Lisa Rayle et al., “App-Based, On-Demand Ride Services: Comparing Taxi and Ridesourcing Trips and User Characteristics in San Francisco,” Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, Research Report UCTC-FR-2014-08, August 2014.
 
15
The share of travelers using carpooling for commuting in the Bay Area has remained at about 10 percent over the last decade, according to the US Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, accessed 10 April 2017.
 
16
“Transit Ridership,” Vital Signs, updated December 2015.
 
17
Adam Cohen and Susan Shaheen, “Planning for Shared Mobility,” American Planning Association, Planning Advisory Service Report 583, 2016.
 
18
Barbara Laurenson, personal communication, 1 February 2017.
 
19
“Announcing UberPool,” Uber Newsroom, 5 August 2014.
 
20
Oliver Smith, “Uber Taxi App: Founder Travis Kalanick’s Plan to Rid London of a Million Cars,” City A.M., 6 October 2014.
 
21
José Viegas, Luis Martinez, and Philippe Crist, “Shared Mobility: Innovation for Liveable Cities,” International Transport Forum Corporate Partnership Board, 2016.
 
22
Javier Alonso-Mora et al., “On-Demand High-Capacity Ride-Sharing via Dynamic Trip-Vehicle Assignment,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (17 January 2017): 462–67.
 
23
Jeffrey B. Greenblatt and Samveg Saxena, “Autonomous Taxis Could Greatly Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions of U.S. Light-Duty Vehicles,” Nature Climate Change 5 (2015): 860–63.
 
24
Bruce Schaller, “Unsustainable? The Growth of App-Based Ride Services and Traffic, Travel and the Future of New York City,” Schaller Consulting, 27 February 2017.
 
25
Aaron Sankin, “Can a Smartphone App Save the Taxi Industry from Uber?,” The Daily Dot, 9 May 2016.
 
26
Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez, “Flywheel Taxi App Sold in Effort to Battle Uber, Lyft,” San Francisco Examiner, 10 April 2017.
 
27
“Verifone Launches Curb in Five New U.S. Cities,” Verifone press release, 21 July 2016.
 
28
David Mahfouda, personal communication, 30 January 2017.
 
29
Robert Cervero, Paratransit in America: Redefining Mass Transportation (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1997).
 
30
James Covert, “Taxi-Sharing App Doesn’t Want You Waiting on Line at the Airport,” New York Post, 22 May 2015.
 
31
Janelle Orsi, “Taxi Cab Sharing in New York City and Beyond,” Shareable, 23 February 2010.
 
32
Elizabeth Daigneau, “New Yorkers ‘Share a Cab,’” Governing, 4 March 2010.
 
33
Paolo Santi et al., “Quantifying the Benefits of Vehicle Pooling with Shareability Networks,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 (16 September 2014): 13290–94.
 
34
Laura Bliss, “What’s behind Declining Transit Ridership Nationwide,” CityLab, 24 February 2017.
 
35
Lisa Rayle et al., “Just a Better Taxi? A Survey-Based Comparison of Taxis, Transit, and Ridesourcing Services in San Francisco,” Transport Policy 45 (January 2016): 168–78.
 
36
Matthew Daus, “When the L Closes Let Dollar Vans Rush In,” New York Daily News, 10 October 2016.
 
37
David A. King and Eric Goldwyn, “Why Do Regulated Jitney Services Often Fail? Evidence from the New York City Group Ride Vehicle Project,” Transport Policy 35 (September 2014): 186–92.
 
38
David Holmes, “Anti-Uber: The Quiet Disruption of NYC Dollar Vans,” Pando, 8 July 2014.
 
39
“Current Licensees,” New York Taxi and Limousine Commission, last updated 2 August 2017.
 
40
Matt Daus, personal communication, 30 March 2017.
 
41
Cohen and Shaheen, “Planning for Shared Mobility.”
 
42
Linda Poon, “Bridj Collapses after Just 3 Years,” CityLab, 1 May 2017.
 
43
Lew Pratsch, “Commuter Ridesharing,” in Public Transportation: Planning, Operations, and Management, ed. George E. Gray and Lester A. Hoel (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1979), 168–87.
 
44
Cathy Yang Liu and Gary Painter, “Travel Behavior among Latino Immigrants: The Role of Ethnic Neighborhoods and Ethnic Employment,” Journal of Planning Education 32 (January 2012): 62–80.
 
45
Shaheen, Chan, and Gaynor, “Casual Carpooling.”
 
46
Ibid.
 
47
Marc Oliphant, “The Native Slugs of Northern Virginia: A Profile of Slugging in the Washington DC Region,” master’s thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, 2008; Vanasse Hangen Brustlin Inc., “Dynamic Ridesharing (Slugging) Data,” final report prepared for Virginia Department of Transportation, 15 June 2006.
 
48
Biz Carson, “Uber Responds: Google Claims about Stolen Technology Are a Total ‘Misfire,’” Business Insider, 7 April 2017.
 
49
Ibid.
 
50
Adam Stocker and Susan Shaheen, “Shared Automated Vehicles: Review of Business Models,” presentation for the Roundtable on Cooperative Mobility Systems and Automated Driving, International Transport Forum, 6 December 2016.
 
51
Alex Davies, “Turns Out the Hardware in Self-Driving Cars Is Pretty Cheap,” Wired, 22 April 2015; Xavier Mosquet et al., “Revolution in the Driver’s Seat: The Road to Autonomous Vehicles,” bcg.perspectives, 21 April 2015.
 
52
Newcomer, “GM Invests $500 Million.”
 
53
Zimmer, “Third Transportation Revolution.”
 
54
Dana Hull, “Elon Musk Says Tesla Car-Share Network Is ‘the People vs. Uber,’” Bloomberg Technology, 26 October 2016.
 
55
Kirsten Korosec, “Why Europe’s Biggest Railway Is Working on Self-Driving Cars,” Fortune, 7 May 2016.
 
56
US Department of Transportation, “Smart City Challenge: List of Applicants,” 2016.
 
57
San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, “City of San Francisco: Meeting the Smart City Challenge,” sfmta.​com, 2016.
 
58
Donald Shoup, The High Cost of Free Parking (Chicago: APA Planners, 2005).
 
59
US Department of Transportation, NHTSA, “Federal Automated Vehicles Policy,” September 2016.
 
Metadaten
Titel
Shared Mobility: The Potential of Ridehailing and Pooling
verfasst von
Susan Shaheen
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Verlag
Island Press/Center for Resource Economics
Buch
Three Revolutions

Print ISBN: 978-1-61091-983-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-61091-906-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-906-7_3

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