Smart Charging Station to Cater the Sudden Ingress and Egress of EVs while Supporting the Frequency of Microgrid through VSG

Current market scenario is experiencing an exponential hike in the demand of electrical vehicles (EVs). As EVs can behave as both storage and source of power, they are capable of providing the power to microgrid (MG) as an ancillary service. Charging station (CS) is the venue where charging and discharging of EV batteries may take place to support the frequency of MG. However, the EVs which ingress and egress from the CS may have different battery voltage ratings with different charging needs. Further, ingress and egress of EVs at the CS may be irregular. In such a case, support to MG’s frequency through EVs will be tough. In this work, a smart CS has been designed which can support the MG’s frequency, even during the sudden ingress and egress of different type of EVs. Virtual synchronous generator control mechanism has been applied to control the bidirectional flow of power between CS and MG. Simulations have been carried out in MATLAB/Simulink by taking into account the different cases like a sudden change of load on MG and sudden ingress/egress of EVs at the CS. The novelty of this paper lies in catering to the sudden ingress and egress of EVs at the CS while providing the support to MG’s frequency through VSG mechanism.