nach oben

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy

Erschienen in:

28.02.2018 | Original Paper

Synthesis and application of functionalised acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber for enhancing recyclability of poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) in recycled blends

verfasst von: Sunil S. Suresh, Smita Mohanty, Sanjay K. Nayak

Erschienen in: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy | Ausgabe 5/2018

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The current investigation deals with the synthesis and application of functionalised acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR-g-MAH) as an impact modifier and compatibilising agent in the recycled blend of poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(methylmethacrylate). The performance of NBR as an impact modifier was improved by grafting with maleic anhydride. The varied concentration of NBR-g-MAH/NBR mixture has differed effects on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the recycled blend. The recycled blend with 9 wt% of NBR-g-MAH/NBR mixture shows optimum impact strength and elongation-at-break. Moreover, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirms interactions with polar functionalities in the recycled blends. Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscope analyses suggest partial miscibility as well as compatibility of the polymeric constituents in the blend. Additionally, thermal gravimetric analysis shows higher thermal stability for the modified recycled blend as compared to its parent blend.

Vorheriger Artikel Design of alternate solvent for recovery of residual palm oil: simultaneous optimization of process performance with environmental, health and safety aspects

Nächster Artikel Exploiting functionalities of biomass in nanocomposite development: application in dye removal and disinfection along with process intensification

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Aimin Z, Chao L (2003) Chemical initiation mechanism of maleic anhydride grafted onto styrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer. Eur Polym J 39(6):1291–1295CrossRef

Aouachria K, Belhaneche-Bensemra N (2006a) Thermo-oxidative dehydrochlorination of rigid and plasticised poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. Polym Degrad Stab 91(3):504–511CrossRef

Aouachria K, Belhaneche-Bensemra N (2006b) Miscibility of PVC/PMMA blends by vicat softening temperature, viscometry, DSC and FTIR analysis. Polym Test 25(8):1101–1108CrossRef

Arnold JC, Alston S, Holder A (2009) Void formation due to gas evolution during the recycling of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS) from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Polym Degrad Stab 94(4):693–700CrossRef

Asaletha R, Kumaran MG, Thomas S (1998) Thermal behaviour of natural rubber/polystyrene blends: thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analysis. Polym Degrad Stab 61:431–439CrossRef

Balakrishnan S, Neelakantan NR (1998) Mechanical properties of blends of polycarbonate with unmodified and maleic anhydride grafted ABS. Polym Int 45(4):347–352CrossRef

Balart R, Lopez J, García D, Salvador MD (2005) Recycling of ABS and PC from electrical and electronic waste. Effect of miscibility and previous degradation on final performance of industrial blends. Eur Polym J 41(9):2150–2160CrossRef

Bettini SHP, Agnelli JAM (2000) Evaluation of methods used for analysing maleic anhydride grafted onto polypropylene by reactive processing. Polym Test 19(1):3–15CrossRef

Biswal M, Mohanty S, Nayak SK, Babu SA (2013) Effect of reactive compatibilizers and impact modifier on the performance characteristics of polycarbonate/poly(acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene) blends obtained from E-waste. Int J Plast Technol 17(2):209–225CrossRef

Bonda S, Mohanty S, Nayak SK (2014) Influence of compatibilizer on mechanical, morphological and rheological properties of PP/ABS blends. Iran Polym J 23(6):415–425CrossRef

Bonner JG, Hope PS (1993) Compatibilisation and reactive blending. In: Flokes MJ, Hopes PS (eds) Polymer blends and alloys. Springer, Berlin, pp 46–74CrossRef

Chakrabarti R, Das M, Chakraborty D (2004) Physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of PVC/PMMA blends in relation to their morphologies. J Appl Polym Sci 93(6):2721–2730CrossRef

Dick CM, Liggat JJ, Snape CE (2001) Solid state 13 C NMR study of the char forming processes in polychloroprene. Polym Degrad Stab 74(3):397–405CrossRef

Elmaghor F, Zhang L, Fan R, Li H (2004) Recycling of polycarbonate by blending with maleic anhydride grafted ABS. Polymer 45(19):6719–6724CrossRef

Farzadfar A, Khorasani SN, Khalili S (2014) Blends of recycled polycarbonate and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene: comparing the effect of reactive compatibilizers on mechanical and morphological properties. Polym Int 63(1):145–150CrossRef

Garcia D, Balart R, Sanchez L, Lopez J (2007) Compatibility of recycled PVC/ABS blends. Effect of previous degradation. Polym Eng Sci 47(6):789–796CrossRef

George S, Varughese KT, Thomas S (2000) Thermal and crystallisation behaviour of isotactic polypropylene/nitrile rubber blends. Polymer 41(14):5485–5503CrossRef

George K, Panda BP, Mohanty S, Nayak SK (2018) Recent developments in elastomeric heat shielding materials for solid rocket motor casing application for future perspective. Polym Adv Technol 29(1):8–21CrossRef

Hanafy GM, Madbouly SA, Ougizawa T, Inoue T (2004) Effects of AN-contents and shear flow on the miscibility of PC/SAN blends. Polymer 45(20):6879–6887CrossRef

Hosseinpour PM, Morshedian J, Barikani M, Azizi H, Pakdaman AS (2010) Morphological, mechanical, and rheological studies of PVC/ABS blends in the presence of maleic anhydride. J Vinyl Addit Technol 16(2):127–134

Ismail H, Supri YA (2004) Properties of virgin poly(vinylchloride)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (PVCv/NBR) and waste poly(vinylchloride)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (PVCw/NBR) blends: the effect of blend composition and dynamic vulcanization. Polym Plast Technol Eng 43(3):695–711CrossRef

Ismail H, Supri AG (2008) Rheological behavior, tensile properties, morphology, and thermal stability of recycled poly(vinyl chloride)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (PVCr/NBR) blends: the effect of maleic acid. J Elastom Plast 40:113–126CrossRef

Jahromi AE, Jahromi HRE, Hemmati F, Saeb MR, Goodarzi V, Formela K (2016) Morphology and mechanical properties of polyamide/clay nanocomposites toughened with NBR/NBR-g-GMA: a comparative study. Compos Part B Eng 90:478–484CrossRef

Janowska G, Kucharska-Jastrząbek A, Rybiński P, Wesołek D, Wójcik I (2010) Flammability of diene rubbers. J Therm Anal Calorim 102(3):1043–1049CrossRef

Jazani OM, Arefazar A, Peymanfar MR, Saeb MR, Talaei A, Bahadori B (2013) The influence of NBR-g-GMA compatibilizer on the morphology and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate/NBR ternary blends. Polym Plast Technol Eng 52(13):1295–1302CrossRef

Jiang G, Feng C, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Yamagishi U, Toya H, Fujii N (2015) Compatibility and nonlinear viscoelasticity of polychloroprene/polyvinyl chloride blends with nitrile butadiene rubber as a compatibilizer. J Appl Polym Sci 132(35):2015CrossRef

Kikuchi Y, Hirao M, Ookubo T, Sasaki A (2014) Design of recycling system for poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA). Part 1: recycling scenario analysis. Int J Life Cycle Assess 19(1):120–129CrossRef

Lashgari S, Azar AA, Lashgari S, MohammadianGezaz S (2010) Properties of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate)/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene blends compatibilized with maleated acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. J Vinyl Addit Technol 16(4):246–253CrossRef

Liu GC, He YS, Zeng JB, Li QT, Wang YZ (2014) Fully biobased and supertough polylactide-based thermoplastic vulcanizates fabricated by peroxide-induced dynamic vulcanization and interfacial compatibilization. Biomacromolecules 15(11):4260–4271CrossRef

Ma H, Xu Z, Tong L, Gu A, Fang Z (2006) Studies of ABS-graft-maleic anhydride/clay nanocomposites: morphologies, thermal stability and flammability properties. Polym Degrad Stab 91(12):2951–2959CrossRef

Manoj NR, De PP (1998) An investigation of the chemical interactions in blends of poly(vinyl chloride) and nitrile rubber during processing. Polym 39(3):733–741CrossRef

Mao ND, Thanh TD, Thuong NT, Grillet AC, Kim NH, Lee JH (2016) Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of recycled ABS/nitrile rubber/nanofil N15 nanocomposites. Compos Part B Eng 93:280–288CrossRef

Mousa A, Ishiaku US, MohdIshak ZA (2005) The effect of prolonged thermo-oxidative ageing on the mechanical properties of dynamically vulcanized poly(vinyl chloride)/nitrile butadiene rubber thermoplastic elastomers. Int J Polym Mater 55:235–253CrossRef

Oshinski AJ, Keskkula H, Paul DR (1992) Rubber toughening of polyamides with functionalized block copolymers: 2. Nylon-6, 6. Polymer 33:284–293CrossRef

Patel G, Sureshkumar MB, Singh NL, Bhattacharya SS (2010) Spectroscopic correlation of mechanical properties of PVC/PMMA polymer blend. J Int Acad Phys Sci 14(1):91

Perkins WG (1999) Polymer toughness and impact resistance. Polym Eng Sci 39(12):2445–2460CrossRef

Qi R, Qian J, Zhou C (2003) Modification of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer by grafting with maleic anhydride in the melt. I. Preparation and characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 90(5):1249–1254CrossRef

Raiisi-Nia MR, Aref-Azar A, Fasihi M (2014) Acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber functionalization for the toughening modification of recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate). J Appl Polym Sci 131(13). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.40528

Suresh SS, Mohanty S, Nayak SK (2017a) Bio-based epoxidised oil for compatibilization and value addition of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in recycled blend. J Polym Res 24:120–134CrossRef

Suresh SS, Mohanty S, Nayak SK (2017b) Composition analysis and characterization of waste polyvinyl chloride (PVC) recovered from data cables. Waste Manage 60:100–111CrossRef

Suresh SS, Mohanty S, Nayak SK (2017c) Preparation and characterization of recycled blends using poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(methyl methacrylate) recovered from waste electrical and electronic equipments. J Clean Prod 149:863–873CrossRef

Suresh SS, Mohanty S, Nayak SK (2017d) Investigation into the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) recovered from light guidance panels with a focus on future remanufacturing and sustainable waste management. J Remanuf 7:217–233CrossRef

Wang J, Li Y, Song J, He M, Song J, Xia K (2015) Recycling of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) copolymers from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), through using an epoxy-based chain extender. Polym Degrad Stab 112:67–174CrossRef

Włochowicz A, Janicki J (1989) The supermolecular structure of poly(vinyl chloride)–poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 38(8):1469–1478CrossRef

Zakrzewski GA (1973) Investigation of the compatibility of butadiene–acrylonitrile copolymers with poly(vinyl chloride). Polymer 14:347–351CrossRef

Zhang X, ChenY ZY, Peng Z, Zhang Y, Zhou W (2001) Effects of ABS-g-MAH on mechanical properties and compatibility of ABS/PC alloy. J Appl Polym Sci 81(4):831–836CrossRef

Zhou C, Si QB, Ao YH, Tan ZY, Sun SL, Zhang MY, Zhang HX (2007) Effect of matrix composition on the fracture behavior of rubber-modified PMMA/PVC blends. Polym Bull 58:979–988CrossRef

Titel: Synthesis and application of functionalised acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber for enhancing recyclability of poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) in recycled blends
verfasst von: Sunil S. Suresh
Smita Mohanty
Sanjay K. Nayak
Publikationsdatum: 28.02.2018
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy / Ausgabe 5/2018
Print ISSN: 1618-954X
Elektronische ISSN: 1618-9558
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-018-1514-6

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2018

Steel slag and iron ore tailings to produce solid brick

Significance of co-digestion as energy recovery at a sewage treatment plant amenable to a shrinking population

Fire-resistant geopolymer bricks synthesized from high-calcium fly ash with outdoor heat exposure

Thermodynamic performance analysis of three solid oxide fuel cell and gas microturbine hybrid systems for application in auxiliary power units

The need to adapt sustainability audits to atypical business models

Optimization of bioethanol and sugar supply chain network: a South African case study