nach oben

Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering

Erschienen in:

04.10.2023 | Original Paper

Thawing and Softening of Frozen Sandstone by Microwave Irradiation

verfasst von: Li Han, Hailiang Jia, Yuanhong Dong, Yao Wei, Xianjun Tan

Erschienen in: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering | Ausgabe 1/2024

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The strength and hardness of rock are much higher at freezing temperatures than at room temperature. This results in high excavation costs and low excavation efficiency in frozen rock layers. This study proposes a novel way to thaw porous and water-bearing rock by microwave irradiation. It is applicable to a wide range of strata and is not dependent on whether the rock contains wave-absorbing minerals. Quartz sandstone specimens free from absorbing minerals and of different saturation levels were used in an investigation of thawing and softening behaviors under microwave irradiation. The rock pore structures were observed before and after irradiation. The results show that (1) frozen quartz sandstone irradiated by microwaves undergoes three stages: (i) rapid melting of pore ice, (ii) intense vaporization of meltwater, and (iii) drying. (2) Microwave irradiation significantly reduces the strength of frozen quartz sandstone. (3) The mechanisms are vaporization expansion, which causes the propagation of intergranular cracks, and thermal expansion, which induces trans-granular cracking. (4) Softening of 40–100%-saturated frozen quartz sandstone is caused by both vapor and thermal expansion, while 0–40%-saturated sandstone is mainly affected by thermal expansion. This study provides theoretical and experimental support for microwave-assisted breakage of frozen porous and water-bearing rock.

Vorheriger Artikel Heterogeneous Frost Deformation of Partially Saturated Sandstones Due to the Freeze–Thaw Cycle

Nächster Artikel Experimental Study of Compact Sandstone Deformation Under Axisymmetric Triaxial Loading Along Specific Paths in Stress Space

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Batchelor AR, Jones DA, Plint S et al (2015) Deriving the ideal ore texture for microwave treatment of metalliferous ores. Miner Eng 84:116–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.10.007CrossRef

Cumming WA (1952) The dielectric properties of ice and snow at 3.2 centimeters. J Appl Phys 23(7):768–773. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1702299CrossRef

Didenko AN, Zverev BV, Prokopenko AV (2005) Microwave fracturing and grinding of solid rocks by example of kimberlite. Physics-Doklady 50(7):349–350. https://doi.org/10.1134/1.2005358CrossRef

Grant E, Halstead BJ (1998) Dielectric parameters relevant to microwave dielectric heating. Chem Soc Rev 27(3):213–224. https://doi.org/10.1039/A827213ZCrossRef

Hall K, Thorn CE (2014) Thermal fatigue and thermal shock in bedrock: an attempt to unravel the geomorphic processes and products. Geomorphology 206:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.09.022CrossRef

Hamid M (1982) Microwave thawing of frozen soil. J Microw Power 17(3):167–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689277CrossRef

Hartlieb P, Leindl M, Kuchar F et al (2012) Damage of basalt induced by microwave irradiation. Miner Eng 31:82–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2012.01.011CrossRef

Hartlieb P, Toifl M, Kuchar F et al (2016) Thermo-physical properties of selected hard rocks and their relation to microwave-assisted comminution. Miner Eng 91:34–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.11.008CrossRef

Hartlieb P, Kuchar F, Moser P et al (2018) Reaction of different rock types to low-power (3.2 kW) microwave irradiation in a multimode cavity. Miner Eng 118:37–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.01.003CrossRef

Hoekstra P (1976) Rock, frozen soil and ice breakage by high-frequency electromagnetic radiation: a review. In: Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

Hoekstra P, Delaney A (1974) Dielectric properties of soils at UHF and microwave frequencies. J Geophys Res 79(11):1699–1708. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB079i011p01699CrossRef

Jia H, Ding S, Wang Y et al (2019) An NMR-based investigation of pore water freezing process in sandstone. Cold Reg Sci Technol 168:102893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102893CrossRef

Jia H, Zi F, Yang G et al (2020a) Influence of pore water (ice) content on the strength and deformability of frozen argillaceous siltstone. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53(2):967–974. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01943-0CrossRef

Jia H, Ding S, Zi F et al (2020b) Evolution in sandstone pore structures with freeze-thaw cycling and interpretation of damage mechanisms in saturated porous rocks. CATENA 195:104915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104915CrossRef

Jia H, Wang T, Chen W et al (2021a) Microscopic mechanisms of microwave irradiation thawing frozen soil and potential application in excavation of frozen ground. Cold Reg Sci Technol 184:103248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2021.103248CrossRef

Jia H, Ding S, Zi F et al (2021b) Development of anisotropy in sandstone subjected to repeated frost action. Rock Mech Rock Eng 54(4):1863–1874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02343-5CrossRef

Jones DA, Kingman SW, Whittles DN et al (2005) Understanding microwave assisted breakage. Miner Eng 18(7):659–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2004.10.011CrossRef

Kingman SW, Jackson K, Cumbane A et al (2004a) Recent developments in microwave-assisted comminution. Int J Miner Process 74(1–4):71–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2003.09.006CrossRef

Kingman SW, Jackson K, Bradshaw SM et al (2004b) An investigation into the influence of microwave treatment on mineral ore comminution. Powder Technol 146(3):176–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2004.08.006CrossRef

Levi FA (1973) Thermal fatigue: a possible source of structural modifications in meteorites. Meteoritics 8:209–221CrossRef

Li B, Monteiro SN, Peng Z et al (2013) Microwave dielectric characterization of silicon dioxide. Characterization of minerals, metals, and materials. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 389–395. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118659045.ch45CrossRef

Li H, Shi S, Lu J et al (2019) Pore structure and multifractal analysis of coal subjected to microwave heating. Powder Technol 346:97–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.02.009CrossRef

Like Q, Jun D, Pengfei T (2015) Study on the effect of microwave irradiation on rock strength. J Eng Sci Technol Rev 8(4):91–96. https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.084.14CrossRef

Lindroth DP, Berglund WR, Wingquist CF (1995) Microwave thawing of frozen soils and gravels. J Cold Reg Eng 9(2):53–63. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1995)9:2(53)CrossRef

Lu G, Li Y, Hassani F et al (2017) The influence of microwave irradiation on thermal properties of main rock-forming minerals. Appl Therm Eng 112:1523–1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.11.015CrossRef

Matzler C, Wegmuller U (1987) Dielectric properties of freshwater ice at microwave frequencies. J Phys D Appl Phys 20(12):1623. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/20/12/013CrossRef

McGill S L, Walkiewicz J W, Smyres G A. (1988) The effects of power level on the microwave heating of selected chemicals and minerals. MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) 124. https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-124-247

Meredith RJ (1998) Engineers’ handbook of industrial microwave heating. Iet, LondonCrossRef

Metaxas AC, Meredith RJ (1983) Industrial microwave heating. IET, London

Misnik YM, Nekrasov LB (1969) Breaking frozen loose rocks by means of a combination of high-frequency and mechanical fields. Sov Min 5(6):646–650. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02501244CrossRef

Misnik YM, Nekrasov LB (1973) Electrothermal breaking of frozen rocks (Principal problems and research results). Sov Min Sci 9(5):487–491. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02501375CrossRef

Nejati H, Hassani F, Radziszewski P. (2012) Experimental investigation of fracture toughness reduction and fracture development in basalt specimens under microwave illumination. In: Earth and space 2012: engineering, science, construction, and operations in challenging environments, pp 325–334. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412190.036

Richter D, Simmons G (1974) Thermal expansion behavior of igneous rocks. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr Pergamon 11(10):403–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(74)91111-5CrossRef

Salsman JB, Williamson RL, Tolley WK et al (1996) Short-pulse microwave treatment of disseminated sulfide ores. Miner Eng 9(1):43–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(95)00130-1CrossRef

Satish H, Ouellet J, Raghavan V et al (2006) Investigating microwave assisted rock breakage for possible space mining applications. Min Technol 115(1):34–40. https://doi.org/10.1179/174328606X101902CrossRef

Teimoori K, Cooper R (2021) Multiphysics study of microwave irradiation effects on rock breakage system. Int J Rock Mech Min 140:104586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104586CrossRef

Teimoori K, Hassani F, Sasmito A et al (2019a) Experimental investigations of microwave effects on rock breakage using sem analysis. AMPERE 2019a. In: 17th international conference on microwave and high frequency heating. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, pp 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4995/AMPERE2019.2019.9647

Teimoori K, Hassani F, Sasmito A, et al. (2019b) Numerical investigation on the effects of single-mode microwave treatment on rock breakage system. AMPERE 2019b. In: 17th international conference on microwave and high frequency heating. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, pp 270–278. https://doi.org/10.4995/AMPERE2019.2019.9646

Wang Y, Djordjevic N (2014) Thermal stress FEM analysis of rock with microwave energy. Int J Miner Process 130:74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2014.05.012CrossRef

Wang T, Sun Q, Jia H et al (2021) Linking the mechanical properties of frozen sandstone to phase composition of pore water measured by LF-NMR at subzero temperatures. B Eng Geol Environ 80(6):4501–4513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02224-3CrossRef

Whittles DN, Kingman SW, Reddish DJ (2003) Application of numerical modelling for prediction of the influence of power density on microwave-assisted breakage. Int J Miner Process 68(1–4):71–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(02)00049-2CrossRef

Xiating F, Gaoming LU, Li Y et al (2020) High-power microwave borehole fracturing device for engineering rock mass: U.S. Patent 10,858,910[P]. 2020-12-8

Zeng J, Hu Q, Chen Y et al (2019) Experimental investigation on structural evolution of granite at high temperature induced by microwave irradiation. Mineral Petrol 113(6):745–754. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-019-00681-zCrossRef

Zhao S, Zhang L, Zhang T, Hao Z, Chai L, Zhang Z (2012) An empirical model to estimate the microwave penetration depth of frozen soil. In: 2012 IEEE international geoscience and remote sensing symposium. IEEE, pp 4493–4496. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6350473

Zheng YL, Zhang QB, Zhao J (2017) Effect of microwave treatment on thermal and ultrasonic properties of gabbro. Appl Therm Eng 127:359–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.08.060CrossRef

Zheng Y, Ma Z, Zhao X et al (2020) Experimental investigation on the thermal, mechanical and cracking behaviours of three igneous rocks under microwave treatment. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53(8):3657–3671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02135-xCrossRef

Titel: Thawing and Softening of Frozen Sandstone by Microwave Irradiation
verfasst von: Li Han
Hailiang Jia
Yuanhong Dong
Yao Wei
Xianjun Tan
Publikationsdatum: 04.10.2023
Verlag: Springer Vienna
Erschienen in: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering / Ausgabe 1/2024
Print ISSN: 0723-2632
Elektronische ISSN: 1434-453X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03559-x

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2024

Effects of Undulation and Stress on the Shear Mechanical Behavior of Saw-Toothed Discontinuities Under Unloading Normal Stress

Numerical Simulation for the Effect of Mud Cake Time-Dependent Properties on Wellbore Stability

Performance Predictions of Hard Rock TBM in Subcritical Cutter Load Conditions

Field Experimental and Theoretical Research on Creep Shrinkage Mechanism of Ultra-Deep Energy Storage Salt Cavern

A Three-Dimensional Supporting Technology, Optimization and Inspiration from a Deep Coal Mine in China

Heterogeneous Frost Deformation of Partially Saturated Sandstones Due to the Freeze–Thaw Cycle