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2016 | Buch

Introduction to the Edited Volume Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

The Decentralized and Networked Future of Value Creation

3D Printing and its Implications for Society, Industry, and Sustainable Development

herausgegeben von: Jan-Peter Ferdinand, Ulrich Petschow, Sascha Dickel

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Progress in IS

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book identifies, analyzes and discusses the current trends of digitalized, decentralized, and networked physical value creation by focusing on the particular example of 3D printing. In addition to evaluating 3D printing’s disruptive potentials against a broader economic background, it also addresses the technology’s potential impacts on sustainability and emerging modes of bottom-up and community-based innovation. Emphasizing these topics from economic, technical, social and environmental perspectives, the book offers a multifaceted overview that scrutinizes the scenario of a fundamental transition: from a centralized to a far more decentralized system of value creation.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Introduction to the Edited Volume
Abstract
Our introduction sets the scene for this edited volume as it introduces the societal, economical, and ecological facets that together shape the path for the current and future implementations of 3D printing technologies. Furthermore, we sketch the general structure of the book as well as the particular contents of the containing contributions.
Jan-Peter Ferdinand, Ulrich Petschow, Sascha Dickel

Economies of 3D Printing–Reorganizing Manufacturing

Frontmatter
The Multiple Applications of 3D Printing: Between Maker Movements and the Future of Manufacturing
Abstract
In this chapter we point out how the general dynamics of decentralization and digitalization aggregate in two distinct ideal types of value creation: one updates the firm-based mode of a top-down approach and the other represents an alternative mode of bottom-up coordination that is more community-driven. For each mode, we contrast the most prevalent approaches to integrating novel technologies such as 3D printing and link them to innovative concepts of production. Having offered this distinction, we elaborate on associated manufacturing constellations and discuss the potential impact of hybrid arrangements.
Sascha Dickel, Jan-Peter Ferdinand, Ulrich Petschow
Bottom-up Economics. Foundations of a Theory of Distributed and Open Value Creation
Abstract
In many industries, we can observe a paradigm shift from traditional value creation towards value co-creation and open production approaches. The boundaries of companies dissolve and many more stakeholders (suppliers, customers, users, community members etc.) are integrated into the value creation process. Thus, a new understanding and taxonomy of value creation becomes necessary to serve as a reference model in order to describe new phenomena based on the principles of so-called Bottom-up Economics. In an industrial context, openness as a precondition for participation, cooperation and interaction can be seen as a critical success factor. The need for a theory of a distributed and open value creation will be revealed by integrating case observations and conceptual insights from literature that are concerned with co-creation phenomena from a Production Engineering point of view.
Tobias Redlich, Manuel Moritz
Can Open Source Hardware Disrupt Manufacturing Industries? The Role of Platforms and Trust in the Rise of 3D Printing
Abstract
The costs of 3D printing have rapidly fallen and have thus provoked new interest in this technology, which per se does not pose a revolutionary challenge. Prima facie, it seems to present a fitting analogy to the extreme price declines in computing that Christensen described as the “Innovator’s Dilemma”. We argue that it is necessary to look beyond the direct increased possibilities a 3D printer provides and focus on the disruptions in workflows and processes that will follow. Similarly to how the development of common open source software tools and infrastructure enabled start-ups to cheaply build on existing knowledge, the creation of common knowledge pools and tools will shape the way in which many companies will interact and source knowledge on physical artifacts in the future. We argue that its impact and success crucially depends on how the available platforms develop and support the creation of trust in the relevant communities.
Sebastian Spaeth, Piet Hausberg
A Critical View of 3D Printing Regarding Industrial Mass Customization Versus Individual Desktop Fabrication
Abstract
The topic of 3D printing has attracted intense discussions, much of it highly enthusiastic and optimistic in nature. The technology surely offers numerous possibilities and opportunities for changing and influencing the future of manufacturing on many, very different, levels—from the shop floor to impacts on the environment, future business models and even social aspects. In order to better prepare ourselves and possibly pave the way for these various impacts, it is important to recognize that 3D printing offers both advantages and disadvantages. The goal is to review some of these critically in order to not only moderate and inform expectations, but also maintain the momentum.
Jürgen Bertling, Steve Rommel

Communities of 3D Printing–Makers, Entrepreneurs, Outlaws

Frontmatter
Fabrication Laboratories (Fab Labs)
Abstract
Fabrication Laboratories (Fab Labs) are publicly accessible workshops offering digital manufacturing technology and electronics tools to anyone. Fab Labs continue a tradition of places for do-it-yourself (DIY) with technology for tinkering and inventing. They stand at the beginning of what has become known as the ‘Maker Movement’. Fab Labs aim to be the places where digital manufacturing know how is shared among their users. Particularly in Europe the Fab Lab concept has inspired grass-roots communities to set up such workshops. Fab Labs have been instrumental in promoting 3D printing, since these were the places where 3D printers were available to the public. Some Fab Labs were also involved in iconic 3D printing projects and developing and improving 3D printers. However, most of the current activities in Fab Labs remain recreational or educational. Meanwhile new models for collaborative production are slowly developing. Some technical, economic and social challenges have to be resolved. And Fab Labs will have to work actively on becoming economically, socially and ecologically sustainable.
Peter Troxler
Open Source Hardware Startups and Their Communities
The Case of 3D Printing
Abstract
This chapter examines open source communities as distinct environments for distributed innovation. Focusing on open source 3D printing communities, we investigate approaches to entrepreneurial action and map various types of business models and their perceived legitimacy by the community. Although the community-focused mode works well for the explorative part of innovation, we find that it imposes limitations on actors who aim to diffuse—i.e., exploit—novel products. By qualitatively analyzing startup companies that emerge from or engage with open source 3D printing communities, we identify three main strategies to manage the interplay of community- and market-based settings and the associated levels of reciprocity.
Robin P. G. Tech, Jan-Peter Ferdinand, Martina Dopfer
Distributed Manufacturing in the Shanzhai-Schumpeterian Innovation State
Abstract
By comparing three cases of user innovation: the filesharing of copyrighted works, the design of 3-D printable firearms, and the manufacturing of legal highs, the paper asks what innovation regime corresponds to a future of “distributed manufacturing.” The provisional answer given to this question is the Shanzhai-Schumpeterian Innovation State. What characterizes this regime is that the legal grey zone has been turned into an incubator for innovation. The user is not just laboring for free; many are laboring under a withheld threat of fines or imprisonment. That being said, the self-image of many Internet pirates, DIY-gunsmiths, and psychonauts of standing in opposition to the powers that be, should not be taken at face value. The argument of the paper is rather that the subject position of the outlaw is integral to the Shanzhai-Schumpeterian Innovation State.
Johan Söderberg

Futures of 3D Printing–Trajectories and Applications

Frontmatter
Materializing Digital Futures
Abstract
Based on two paradigmatic case studies—Web 2.0 and 3D printing—this chapter explores the semantic patterns of popular media utopias and unfolds the thesis that their continuing success is based on their multireferencial connectability and compatibility to a broad variety of sociocultural and socioeconomical discurses. Further, we discuss the ambivalences and social functions of utopian concepts in the digital realm.
Sascha Dickel, Jan-Felix Schrape
3D Printing as Driver of Localized Manufacturing: Expected Benefits from Producer and Consumer Perspectives
Abstract
Ihl and Piller address the promise of 3D printing technologies to re-localize production in closer proximity to markets and end customers by exploring microeconomic benefits for producers and consumers. These technologies give rise to new possibilities at the intersection of production and consumption and fuel recent trends like mass customization and the maker movement. Building upon these premises, the authors propose the concept of “FabStores”, i.e. decentralized, close-to-market mini-factories that allow interaction with customers during localized manufacturing processes. The concept is validated in terms of expected benefits from producer and consumer perspectives by the means of a survey of 39 experts in production management, as well as 788 consumers. Results show that, from a producer perspective, the availability of 3D printing technologies alone will only have limited impact on the localization of manufacturing next to other, more important drivers. From a consumer perspective, “FabStores” are valuable if they can offer higher sustainability, participation in production and shorter delivery times. Finally, “FabStores” may compensate for a lack of brand reputation and thus offer new opportunities for user and maker entrepreneurship.
Christoph Ihl, Frank Piller
Assessing the Environmental Impact of Decentralized Value-Chain Patterns Involving 3D Printing Technologies—A Comparative Case Study
Abstract
Due to the fact that the context of 3D printing is generally constituted by different technologies and various applications, a coherent evaluation of their impact on sustainability has rarely been conducted. This chapter enters this void by carrying out a literature review on the state of related research. Furthermore, we conduct two comparative case studies that model value chains for the production of mobile phone cases and a specific spare part for aircrafts. Under certain circumstances, it is shown that the use of 3D printing technologies can reduce the need for transportation and may also result in a reduced ecological impact for product life cycles. What becomes obvious, too, is that the structural context for production and the practical application of goods are as important as the underlying manufacturing technologies.
Jan-Peter Ferdinand, Heike Flämig, Ulrich Petschow, Michael Steinfeldt, Anton Worobei
How Decentralized Technologies Can Enable Commons-Based and Sustainable Futures for Value Creation
Abstract
Innovations from the fields of digitization, material science, and manufacturing technologies like 3D printing trigger the transformation of production systems that become increasingly decentralized and personalized. This chapter captures these trends and relates them to their potential impacts on sustainability. It becomes obvious that technological developments alone can hardly spur future paths of a greener economy. However, bottom-up approaches of governing, structuring, and organizing the embedding of novel technologies within broader application patterns may lead to this direction. Moreover, the combination and re-combination of complementary social and technological innovations offer degrees of freedom within systems of production that can boost innovative solutions for society’s urgent sustainability issues as well.
Ulrich Petschow
Metadaten
Titel
The Decentralized and Networked Future of Value Creation
herausgegeben von
Jan-Peter Ferdinand
Ulrich Petschow
Sascha Dickel
Copyright-Jahr
2016
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-31686-4
Print ISBN
978-3-319-31684-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31686-4

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