Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Rheologica Acta 11-12/2016

01.12.2016 | Original Contribution

The influence of oxygen concentration on the rheological properties and flow of whole human blood

verfasst von: A. Zupančič Valant, L. Ziberna, Y. Papaharilaou, A. Anayiotos, G.C. Georgiou

Erschienen in: Rheologica Acta | Ausgabe 11-12/2016

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Variations in blood oxygen concentrations are not only part of the normal physiology but they may also indicate various pathological conditions. In the present work, we examined the influence of oxygen concentration on the rheological properties of whole human blood. Blood samples were taken from two healthy donors, a male and a female, with hematocrits 0.47 and 0.42, respectively. In addition to the original samples of normal oxygen concentration (normoxemia), samples of different blood oxygen level were also prepared by using the perfusion cell equipped with a gas supply to induce either hypoxemia by driving out the oxygen saturating blood by nitrogen or hyperoxemia by saturating blood with oxygen. The rheology of the samples was measured using a Physica MCR 301 rheometer equipped with a sensor designed for hemorheology. The rheological results showed that oxygen-depleted blood exhibited lower viscosity and a lower yield stress when fitted to the Herschel-Bulkley constitutive model. Blood flow simulations of the effect of oxygen concentration on the local hemodynamics were also carried out in an idealized axisymmetric 75 % stenosis and in a realistic carotid bifurcation geometry constructed from MRI images obtained from a healthy male volunteer. The modified Herschel-Bulkley model with the Papanastasiou regularization was used to account for both the shear thinning and finite yield stress properties of blood. The results of this work showed that oxygen concentration affects the rheology and flow behavior of blood, suggesting compensatory responses under hypoxic conditions leading to a lower blood viscosity.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Apostolides AJ, Beris AN (2014) Modeling of the blood rheology in steady-state shear flows. J Rheol 58:607–633CrossRef Apostolides AJ, Beris AN (2014) Modeling of the blood rheology in steady-state shear flows. J Rheol 58:607–633CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Apostolides AJ, Armstrong MJ, Beris AN (2015) Modeling of human blood rheology in transient shear flows. J Rheol 59:275–298CrossRef Apostolides AJ, Armstrong MJ, Beris AN (2015) Modeling of human blood rheology in transient shear flows. J Rheol 59:275–298CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Apostolides AJ, Beris AN (2016) The effect of cholesterol and triglycerides on the steady state shear rheology of blood. Rheol Acta 55:497–509CrossRef Apostolides AJ, Beris AN (2016) The effect of cholesterol and triglycerides on the steady state shear rheology of blood. Rheol Acta 55:497–509CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Aristokleous N, Seimenis I, Papaharilaou Y, Georgiou G, Brott BC, Anayiotos AS (2011) Effect of posture change on the geometric features of the healthy carotid bifurcation. IEEE Trans Inf Tech Biomed 15:148–154CrossRef Aristokleous N, Seimenis I, Papaharilaou Y, Georgiou G, Brott BC, Anayiotos AS (2011) Effect of posture change on the geometric features of the healthy carotid bifurcation. IEEE Trans Inf Tech Biomed 15:148–154CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Aristokleous N, Seimenis I, Georgiou GC, Nicolaides A, Anayiotos AS (2015) The effect of head rotation on the geometry and hemodynamics of healthy vertebral arteries. Ann Biomed Eng 43:1287–1297CrossRef Aristokleous N, Seimenis I, Georgiou GC, Nicolaides A, Anayiotos AS (2015) The effect of head rotation on the geometry and hemodynamics of healthy vertebral arteries. Ann Biomed Eng 43:1287–1297CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Balmforth NJ, Frigaard IA, Ovarlez G (2014) Yielding to stress: recent developments in viscoplastic fluid mechanics. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 46:121–46CrossRef Balmforth NJ, Frigaard IA, Ovarlez G (2014) Yielding to stress: recent developments in viscoplastic fluid mechanics. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 46:121–46CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Barnes HA (1999) The yield stress—a review or ‘παντα ρει’—everything flows? J Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech 81:133–178CrossRef Barnes HA (1999) The yield stress—a review or ‘παντα ρει’—everything flows? J Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech 81:133–178CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Benderro GF, LaManna JC (2013) Kidney EPO expression during chronic hypoxia in aged mice. Adv Exp Med Biol 765:9–14CrossRef Benderro GF, LaManna JC (2013) Kidney EPO expression during chronic hypoxia in aged mice. Adv Exp Med Biol 765:9–14CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bertoluzzo SM, Bollini A, Rasia M, Raynal A (1999) Kinetic model for erythrocyte aggregation. Blood Cells Mol Dis 25:339–349CrossRef Bertoluzzo SM, Bollini A, Rasia M, Raynal A (1999) Kinetic model for erythrocyte aggregation. Blood Cells Mol Dis 25:339–349CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bessonov N, Sequeira A, Simakov S, Vassilevskii Y, Volpert V (2016) Methods of blood flow modelling. Math Model Nat Phenom 11:1–25CrossRef Bessonov N, Sequeira A, Simakov S, Vassilevskii Y, Volpert V (2016) Methods of blood flow modelling. Math Model Nat Phenom 11:1–25CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brun JF, Varlet-Marie E, Romain AJ, Guiraudou M, Raynaud de Mauverger E (2013) Exercise hemorheology: moving from old simplistic paradigms to a more complex picture. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 55:15–27 Brun JF, Varlet-Marie E, Romain AJ, Guiraudou M, Raynaud de Mauverger E (2013) Exercise hemorheology: moving from old simplistic paradigms to a more complex picture. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 55:15–27
Zurück zum Zitat Brust M, Schaefer C, Doerr R, Pan L, Garcia M, Arratia PE, Wagner C (2013) Rheology of human blood plasma: Viscoelastic versus Newtonian behavior. Phys Rev Lett 110:078305CrossRef Brust M, Schaefer C, Doerr R, Pan L, Garcia M, Arratia PE, Wagner C (2013) Rheology of human blood plasma: Viscoelastic versus Newtonian behavior. Phys Rev Lett 110:078305CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Butler IB, Schoonen MA, Rickard DT (1994) Removal of dissolved oxygen from water: a comparison of four common techniques. Talanta 41:211–215CrossRef Butler IB, Schoonen MA, Rickard DT (1994) Removal of dissolved oxygen from water: a comparison of four common techniques. Talanta 41:211–215CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Caballero AD, Laín S (2015) Numerical simulation of non-Newtonian blood flow dynamics in human thoracic aorta. Comp Meth Biomech Biomed Eng 18:1200–1216CrossRef Caballero AD, Laín S (2015) Numerical simulation of non-Newtonian blood flow dynamics in human thoracic aorta. Comp Meth Biomech Biomed Eng 18:1200–1216CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Caillaud C, Connes P, Bouix D, Mercier J (2002) Does haemorheology explain the paradox of hypoxemia during exercise in elite athletes or thoroughbred horses? Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 26:175–181 Caillaud C, Connes P, Bouix D, Mercier J (2002) Does haemorheology explain the paradox of hypoxemia during exercise in elite athletes or thoroughbred horses? Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 26:175–181
Zurück zum Zitat Chien S, Usami S, Dellenback RJ, Gregersen MI (1967) Blood viscosity: influence of erythrocyte aggregation. Science 157:827–829CrossRef Chien S, Usami S, Dellenback RJ, Gregersen MI (1967) Blood viscosity: influence of erythrocyte aggregation. Science 157:827–829CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cokelet G, Merrill EW, Gilliland ER, Shin H, Britten A, Wells RE (1963) The rheology of human blood—measurement near and at zero shear rate. Trans Soc Rheol 7:303–317CrossRef Cokelet G, Merrill EW, Gilliland ER, Shin H, Britten A, Wells RE (1963) The rheology of human blood—measurement near and at zero shear rate. Trans Soc Rheol 7:303–317CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Copley AI, Huang CR, King RG (1973) Rheogoniometric studies of whole human blood at shear rates from 1000 to 0.0009 sec-1. I. Experimental findings. Biogeosciences 10:17–22 Copley AI, Huang CR, King RG (1973) Rheogoniometric studies of whole human blood at shear rates from 1000 to 0.0009 sec-1. I. Experimental findings. Biogeosciences 10:17–22
Zurück zum Zitat De Cort SC, Innes JA, Barstow TJ, Guz A (1991) Cardiac output, oxygen consumption, and arteriovenous oxygen difference following a sudden rise in exercise level in humans. J Physiol 441:501–512CrossRef De Cort SC, Innes JA, Barstow TJ, Guz A (1991) Cardiac output, oxygen consumption, and arteriovenous oxygen difference following a sudden rise in exercise level in humans. J Physiol 441:501–512CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Diaw M, Samb A, Diop S, Sall ND, Ba A, Cissé F, Connes P (2014) Effects of hydration and water deprivation on blood viscosity during a soccer game in sickle cell trait carriers. Br J Sports Med 48:326–331CrossRef Diaw M, Samb A, Diop S, Sall ND, Ba A, Cissé F, Connes P (2014) Effects of hydration and water deprivation on blood viscosity during a soccer game in sickle cell trait carriers. Br J Sports Med 48:326–331CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dimakopoulos Y, Kelesidis G, Tsouka S, Georgiou GC, Tsamopoulos J (2015) Hemodynamics in stenotic microvessels under steady state conditions. Part I: the non-homogeneous model. J Biorheol 52:183–210CrossRef Dimakopoulos Y, Kelesidis G, Tsouka S, Georgiou GC, Tsamopoulos J (2015) Hemodynamics in stenotic microvessels under steady state conditions. Part I: the non-homogeneous model. J Biorheol 52:183–210CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dintenfass L (1962) Thixotropy of blood and proneness to thrombus formation. Circ Res 11:233–239CrossRef Dintenfass L (1962) Thixotropy of blood and proneness to thrombus formation. Circ Res 11:233–239CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dintenfass L (1971) Blood Microrheology—Viscosity Factors in Blood Flow, Ischaemia and Thrombosis, Butterworth Dintenfass L (1971) Blood Microrheology—Viscosity Factors in Blood Flow, Ischaemia and Thrombosis, Butterworth
Zurück zum Zitat Esteva S, Panisello P, Torrella JR, Pages T, Viscor G (2009) Blood rheology adjustments in rats after a program of intermittent exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol 10:275–281CrossRef Esteva S, Panisello P, Torrella JR, Pages T, Viscor G (2009) Blood rheology adjustments in rats after a program of intermittent exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol 10:275–281CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Farquhar H, Weatherall M, Wijesinghe M, Perrin K, Ranchord A, Simmonds M, Beasley R (2009) Systematic review of studies of the effect of hyperoxia on coronary blood flow. Am Heart J 158:371–377CrossRef Farquhar H, Weatherall M, Wijesinghe M, Perrin K, Ranchord A, Simmonds M, Beasley R (2009) Systematic review of studies of the effect of hyperoxia on coronary blood flow. Am Heart J 158:371–377CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fedosov DA, Pan W, Caswell B, Gompper G, Karniadakis GE (2011) Predicting human blood viscosity in silico. PNAS 108:11772–11777CrossRef Fedosov DA, Pan W, Caswell B, Gompper G, Karniadakis GE (2011) Predicting human blood viscosity in silico. PNAS 108:11772–11777CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Guner I, Uzun DD, Yaman MO, Genc H, Geligsen R, Korkmaz GG, Hallac M, Yelmen N, Sahin G, Karter Y, Simsek G (2013) The effect of chronic long-term intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on bone mineral density in rats: role of nitric oxide. Biol Trace Elem Res 154:262–267CrossRef Guner I, Uzun DD, Yaman MO, Genc H, Geligsen R, Korkmaz GG, Hallac M, Yelmen N, Sahin G, Karter Y, Simsek G (2013) The effect of chronic long-term intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on bone mineral density in rats: role of nitric oxide. Biol Trace Elem Res 154:262–267CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jia Y, Li P, Dziennis S, Wang RK (2011) Responses of peripheral blood flow to acute hypoxia and hyperoxia as measured by optical microangiography. PLoS One 6:e26802CrossRef Jia Y, Li P, Dziennis S, Wang RK (2011) Responses of peripheral blood flow to acute hypoxia and hyperoxia as measured by optical microangiography. PLoS One 6:e26802CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kang J, Li Y, Hu K, Lu W, Zhou X, Yu S, Xu L (2016) Chronic intermittent hypoxia versus continuous hypoxia: same effects on hemorheology? Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. doi:10.3233/CH-151973 Kang J, Li Y, Hu K, Lu W, Zhou X, Yu S, Xu L (2016) Chronic intermittent hypoxia versus continuous hypoxia: same effects on hemorheology? Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. doi:10.​3233/​CH-151973
Zurück zum Zitat Kim S, Namgung B, Ong PK, Cho YI, Chun KJ, Lim D (2009) Determination of rheological properties of whole blood with a scanning capillary-tube rheometer using constitutive models. J Mech Sci Technol 23:1718–1726CrossRef Kim S, Namgung B, Ong PK, Cho YI, Chun KJ, Lim D (2009) Determination of rheological properties of whole blood with a scanning capillary-tube rheometer using constitutive models. J Mech Sci Technol 23:1718–1726CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kohl ZF, Crossley DA II, Tazawa H, Burggren WW (2015) Dynamics of blood viscosity regulation during hypoxic challenges in the chicken embryo (Gallus gallus domesticus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 190:1–8CrossRef Kohl ZF, Crossley DA II, Tazawa H, Burggren WW (2015) Dynamics of blood viscosity regulation during hypoxic challenges in the chicken embryo (Gallus gallus domesticus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 190:1–8CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Longo V, D’Alessandro A, Zolla L (2014) Deoxygenation of leucofiltered erythrocyte concentrates preserves proteome stability during storage in the blood bank. Blood Transfus 12:599–604 Longo V, D’Alessandro A, Zolla L (2014) Deoxygenation of leucofiltered erythrocyte concentrates preserves proteome stability during storage in the blood bank. Blood Transfus 12:599–604
Zurück zum Zitat Lykov K, Li X, Lei H, Pivkin IV, Karniadakis GE (2015) Inflow/outflow boundary conditions for particle-based blood flow simulations: application to arterial bifurcations and trees. PLoS Comput Biol 11:e1004410CrossRef Lykov K, Li X, Lei H, Pivkin IV, Karniadakis GE (2015) Inflow/outflow boundary conditions for particle-based blood flow simulations: application to arterial bifurcations and trees. PLoS Comput Biol 11:e1004410CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Merrill EW, Cheng CS, Pelletier GA (1969) Yield stress of normal human blood as a function of endogenous fibrinogen. J Appl Physiol 26:1–3 Merrill EW, Cheng CS, Pelletier GA (1969) Yield stress of normal human blood as a function of endogenous fibrinogen. J Appl Physiol 26:1–3
Zurück zum Zitat Mitsoulis E (2007) Flows of viscoplastic materials: models and computation. Rheol Reviews 2007:135–178 Mitsoulis E (2007) Flows of viscoplastic materials: models and computation. Rheol Reviews 2007:135–178
Zurück zum Zitat Núñez-Espinosa C, Douziech A, Ríos-Kristjánsson JG, Rizo D, Torrella JR, Pagè T, Viscor G (2014) Effect of intermittent hypoxia and exercise on blood rheology and oxygen transport in trained rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 192:112–117CrossRef Núñez-Espinosa C, Douziech A, Ríos-Kristjánsson JG, Rizo D, Torrella JR, Pagè T, Viscor G (2014) Effect of intermittent hypoxia and exercise on blood rheology and oxygen transport in trained rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 192:112–117CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Papanastasiou TC (1987) Flow of materials with yield. J Rheol 31:385–404CrossRef Papanastasiou TC (1987) Flow of materials with yield. J Rheol 31:385–404CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Picart C, Piau JM, Galliard H, Carpentier P (1998) Blood low shear rate rheometry: influence of fibrinogen level and hematocrit on slip and migrational effects. Biorheology 35:335–353CrossRef Picart C, Piau JM, Galliard H, Carpentier P (1998) Blood low shear rate rheometry: influence of fibrinogen level and hematocrit on slip and migrational effects. Biorheology 35:335–353CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Picart C, Carpentier PH, Galliard H, Piau JM (1999) Blood yield stress in systemic sclerosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 276:771–777 Picart C, Carpentier PH, Galliard H, Piau JM (1999) Blood yield stress in systemic sclerosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 276:771–777
Zurück zum Zitat Popel AS, Johnson PC (2005) Microcirculation and hemorheology. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 37:43–69CrossRef Popel AS, Johnson PC (2005) Microcirculation and hemorheology. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 37:43–69CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rand PW, Lacombe E, Hunt HE, Auston WH (1964) Viscosity of normal; human blood under normothermic and hypothermic conditions. J Appl Physiol 19:117–122 Rand PW, Lacombe E, Hunt HE, Auston WH (1964) Viscosity of normal; human blood under normothermic and hypothermic conditions. J Appl Physiol 19:117–122
Zurück zum Zitat Smith MM, Lucas AR, Hamlin RL, Devor ST (2015) Associations among hemorheological factors and maximal oxygen consumption. Is there a role for blood viscosity in explaining athletic performance? Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 60:347–362CrossRef Smith MM, Lucas AR, Hamlin RL, Devor ST (2015) Associations among hemorheological factors and maximal oxygen consumption. Is there a role for blood viscosity in explaining athletic performance? Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 60:347–362CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sousa PC, Pinho FT, Alves MA, Oliveira MSN (2016) A review of hemorheology: measuring techniques and recent advances. Korea-Australia Rheol J 28:1–22CrossRef Sousa PC, Pinho FT, Alves MA, Oliveira MSN (2016) A review of hemorheology: measuring techniques and recent advances. Korea-Australia Rheol J 28:1–22CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tada S (2010) Numerical study of oxygen transport in a carotid bifurcation. Phys Med Biol 55:3993–4010CrossRef Tada S (2010) Numerical study of oxygen transport in a carotid bifurcation. Phys Med Biol 55:3993–4010CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thurston GB (1996) Viscoelastic properties of blood and blood analogs. Adv Hemodynamics Hemorheol 1:1–30CrossRef Thurston GB (1996) Viscoelastic properties of blood and blood analogs. Adv Hemodynamics Hemorheol 1:1–30CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tu C, Deville M (1996) Pulsatile flow of non-Newtonian fluids through arterial stenoses. J Biomech 29:899–908CrossRef Tu C, Deville M (1996) Pulsatile flow of non-Newtonian fluids through arterial stenoses. J Biomech 29:899–908CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Valant AZ, Ziberna L, Papaharilaou Y, Anayiotos A, Georgiou GC (2011) The influence of temperature on rheological properties of blood mixtures with different volume expanders—implications in numerical arterial hemodynamics simulations. Rheol Acta 50:389–402CrossRef Valant AZ, Ziberna L, Papaharilaou Y, Anayiotos A, Georgiou GC (2011) The influence of temperature on rheological properties of blood mixtures with different volume expanders—implications in numerical arterial hemodynamics simulations. Rheol Acta 50:389–402CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vlastos G, Lerche D, Koch B, Samba O, Pohl M (1997) The effect of parallel combined steady and oscillatory shear flows on blood and polymer solutions. Rheol Acta 36:160–172CrossRef Vlastos G, Lerche D, Koch B, Samba O, Pohl M (1997) The effect of parallel combined steady and oscillatory shear flows on blood and polymer solutions. Rheol Acta 36:160–172CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yelmen N, Ozdemir S, Guner I, Toplan S, Sahin G, Yaman OM, Sipahi S (2011) The effects of chronic long-term intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on blood rheology parameters. Gen Physiol Biophys 30:389–395CrossRef Yelmen N, Ozdemir S, Guner I, Toplan S, Sahin G, Yaman OM, Sipahi S (2011) The effects of chronic long-term intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on blood rheology parameters. Gen Physiol Biophys 30:389–395CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yeow YL, Wickramasinghe SR, Leong YK, Han B (2002) Model independent relationships between hematocrit, blood viscosity, and yield stress derived from Couette viscometry data. Biotechnol Prog 18:1068–1075CrossRef Yeow YL, Wickramasinghe SR, Leong YK, Han B (2002) Model independent relationships between hematocrit, blood viscosity, and yield stress derived from Couette viscometry data. Biotechnol Prog 18:1068–1075CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang M, Li XM, Feng J, Xu GJ, Liu XB, Jiang H, Niu CY, Zhao ZG (2012) Changes of blood viscosity and erythrocyte rheology in acute hypoxic hypoxia mices. Chin J Appl Physiol 28:454–457 Zhang M, Li XM, Feng J, Xu GJ, Liu XB, Jiang H, Niu CY, Zhao ZG (2012) Changes of blood viscosity and erythrocyte rheology in acute hypoxic hypoxia mices. Chin J Appl Physiol 28:454–457
Zurück zum Zitat Zolla L, D’Alessandro A (2013) An efficient apparatus for rapid deoxygenation of erythrocyte concentrates for alternative banking strategies. J Blood Transfusion 2013:896537CrossRef Zolla L, D’Alessandro A (2013) An efficient apparatus for rapid deoxygenation of erythrocyte concentrates for alternative banking strategies. J Blood Transfusion 2013:896537CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
The influence of oxygen concentration on the rheological properties and flow of whole human blood
verfasst von
A. Zupančič Valant
L. Ziberna
Y. Papaharilaou
A. Anayiotos
G.C. Georgiou
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Rheologica Acta / Ausgabe 11-12/2016
Print ISSN: 0035-4511
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1528
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-016-0967-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 11-12/2016

Rheologica Acta 11-12/2016 Zur Ausgabe

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.