nach oben

Social Justice Research

Erschienen in:

14.11.2017

The Neurobiology of Fairness and Social Justice: An Introduction

verfasst von: H. Hannah Nam, John T. Jost, Stanley Feldman

Erschienen in: Social Justice Research | Ausgabe 4/2017

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The study of social justice has always been an interdisciplinary undertaking, but in recent years neurobiologists have joined scholars and scientists from other areas to tackle complex questions concerning fairness, empathy, equality, hierarchy, and ideological conflict and polarization. By synthesizing insights from multiple, mutually informative levels of analysis, it is possible to shed new light on basic biological processes that reflect, inspire, and inhibit the pursuit of a more just society. With this special issue we highlight groundbreaking research on the neurobiology of fairness and social justice, bringing together six articles that address core themes of social justice, including individual variability in definitions of fairness, the genetic basis of economic egalitarianism, neural bases of empathy in environmental and intergroup domains, and the neural and genetic correlates of ideological polarization. Taken in conjunction, these diverse contributions bring multiple theoretical perspectives and research methods to bear on the shared goal of understanding and promoting social justice.

Nächster Artikel Observing Environmental Destruction Stimulates Neural Activation in Networks Associated with Empathic Responses

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Alford, J. R., Funk, C. L., & Hibbing, J. R. (2005). Are political orientations genetically transmitted? American Political Science Review, 99, 153–167.CrossRef

Amodio, D. M., Jost, J. T., Master, S. L., & Yee, C. M. (2007). Neurocognitive correlates of liberalism and conservatism. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 1246–1247.CrossRefPubMed

Avenanti, A., Sirigu, A., & Aglioti, S. M. (2010). Racial bias reduces empathic sensorimotor resonance with other-race pain. Current Biology, 20, 1018–1022.CrossRefPubMed

Batrićević, N., & Littvay, L. (2017). A genetic basis of economic egalitarianism. Social Justice Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-017-0297-y.

Bauman, M. D., Toscano, J. E., Mason, W. A., Lavenex, P., & Amaral, D. G. (2006). The expression of social dominance following neonatal lesions of the amygdala or hippocampus in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Behavioral Neuroscience, 120, 749–760.CrossRefPubMed

Botvinick, M. M. (2007). Conflict monitoring and decision making: Reconciling two perspectives on anterior cingulate function. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 356–366.CrossRef

Brosnan, S. F. (2006). Nonhuman species’ reactions to inequity and their implications for fairness. Social Justice Research, 19, 153–185.CrossRef

Brosnan, S. F., Hopper, L. M., Richey, S., Freeman, H. D., Talbot, C. F., Gosling, S. D., et al. (2015). Personality influences responses to inequity and contrast in chimpanzees. Animal Behaviour, 101, 75–87.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cacioppo, J. T., & Berntsen, G. G. (1992). Social psychological contributions to the decade of the brain: Doctrine of multilevel analysis. American Psychologist, 47, 1019–1028.CrossRefPubMed

Cikara, M., Bruneau, E. G., & Saxe, R. R. (2012). Us and them: Intergroup failures of empathy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 149–153.CrossRef

Critchley, H. D., Wiens, S., Rotshtein, P., Ohman, A., & Rolan, R. J. (2004). Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 189–195.CrossRefPubMed

Dahling, J. J., Whitaker, B. G., & Levy, P. E. (2009). The development and validation of a new Machiavellianism scale. Journal of Management, 35, 219–257.CrossRef

Decety, J., & Yoder, K. (2017). The emerging social neuroscience of justice motivation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21, 6–14.CrossRefPubMed

Edwards, G. C., III, Barrett, A., & Peake, J. (1997). The legislative impact of divided government. American Journal of Political Science, 41, 545–563.CrossRef

Farmer, H., & Maister, L. (2017). Putting ourselves in another’s skin: Using the plasticity of self-perception to enhance empathy and decrease prejudice. Social Justice Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-017-0294-1.

Fowler, J. H. (2006). Altruism and turnout. The Journal of Politics, 68, 674–683.CrossRef

Fowler, J. H., Baker, L. A., & Dawes, C. T. (2008). Genetic variation in political participation. American Political Science Review, 102, 233–248.CrossRef

Fowler, J. H., & Dawes, C. T. (2008). Two genes predict voter turnout. The Journal of Politics, 70, 579–594.CrossRef

Fowler, J. H., & Kam, C. D. (2006). Patience as a political virtue: Delayed gratification and turnout. Political Behavior, 28, 113–128.CrossRef

Franklin, R. G., Jr., Nelson, A. J., Baker, M., Beeney, J. E., Vescio, T. K., Lenz-Watson, A., et al. (2013). Neural responses to perceiving suffering in humans and animals. Social Neuroscience, 8, 217–227.CrossRefPubMed

Geiger, N., Bowman, C. R., Clouthier, T. L., Nelson, A. J., & Adams, R. B. (2017). Observing environmental destruction stimulates neural activation in networks associated with empathic responses. Social Justice Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-017-0298-x.

Haas, I. J., Baker, M. N., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2017). Who can deviate from the party line? Political ideology moderates evaluation of incongruent policy positions in insula and anterior cingulate cortex. Social Justice Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-017-0295-0.

Harris, L. T., & Fiske, S. T. (2006). Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: Neuroimaging responses to extreme out-groups. Psychological Science, 17, 847–853.CrossRefPubMed

Hatemi, P. K., & McDermott, R. (Eds.). (2011). Man is by nature a political animal: Evolution, biology, and politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Hatemi, P. K., & McDermott, R. (2012). The genetics of politics: Discovery, challenges, and progress. Trends in Genetics, 28, 525–533.CrossRefPubMed

Hein, G., Engelmann, J. B., Vollberg, M. C., & Tobler, P. N. (2016). How learning shapes the empathic brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113, 80–85.CrossRefPubMed

Hetherington, M. J., & Rudolph, T. J. (2015). Why Washington won’t work: Polarization, political trust, and the governing crisis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRef

Hibbing, J. R., Smith, K. B., & Alford, J. R. (2014). Predisposed: Liberals, conservatives, and the biology of political differences. New York: Routledge.

Huddy, L., Sears, D. O., & Levy, J. (2013). Introduction: Theoretical foundations of political psychology. In L. Huddy, D. O. Sears, & J. Levy (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of political psychology (2nd ed., pp. 1–19). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRef

Iyengar, S., Sood, G., & Lelkes, Y. (2012). Affect, not ideology: A social identity perspective on polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76, 405–431.CrossRef

Iyengar, S., & Westwood, S. J. (2015). Fear and loathing across party lines: New evidence on group polarization. American Journal of Political Science, 59, 690–707.CrossRef

Jankowski, R. (2007). Altruism and the decision to vote: Explaining and testing high voter turnout. Rationality and Society, 19, 4–34.CrossRef

Jarvis, W. B. G., & Petty, R. E. (1996). The need to evaluate. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 172–194.CrossRef

Jost, J. T., Federico, C. M., & Napier, J. L. (2009). Political ideology: Its structure, functions, and elective affinities. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 307–337.CrossRefPubMed

Jost, J. T., Nam, H. H., Amodio, D. M., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2014). Political neuroscience: The beginning of a beautiful friendship. Advances in Political Psychology, 35, 3–42.CrossRef

Jost, J. T., & Sidanius, J. (2004). Political psychology: Key readings. New York: Taylor & Francis.

Kandler, C., Bleidorn, W., & Riemann, R. (2012). Left or right? Sources of political orientation: The roles of genetic factors, cultural transmission, assortative mating, and personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 633–645.CrossRefPubMed

Ksiazkiewicz, A., & Krueger, R. F. (2017). The role of genes and environments in linking the need to evaluate with political ideology and political extremity. Social Justice Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-017-0292-3.

Kumaran, D., Melo, H. L., & Duzel, E. (2012). The emergence and representation of knowledge about social and nonsocial hierarchies. Neuron, 76, 653–666.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lamm, C., Batson, C. D., & Decety, J. (2007). The neural substrate of human empathy: Effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19, 42–58.CrossRefPubMed

McCabe, D. P., & Castel, A. D. (2008). Seeing is believing: The effect of brain images on judgments of scientific reasoning. Cognition, 107, 343–352.CrossRefPubMed

McCarty, N., Poole, K. T., & Rosenthal, H. (2006). Polarized America: The dance of ideology and unequal riches. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

McGuire, W. J. (1993). The poly-psy relationship: Three phases of a long affair. In S. Iyengar & W. J. McGuire (Eds.), Explorations in political psychology (pp. 9–35). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Nam, H. H., Jost, J. T., Kaggen, L., Campbell-Meiklejohn, D., & Van Bavel, J. J. (in press). Amygdala structure and the tendency to perceive the social system as legitimate and desirable. Nature Human Behaviour.

Niemi, L., Wasserman, E., & Young, L. (2017). The behavioral and neural signatures of distinct conceptions of fairness. Social Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2017.1333452.PubMed

Niemi, L., & Young, L. (2017). Who sees what as fair? Mapping individual differences in valuation of reciprocity, charity, and impartiality. Social Justice Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-017-0291-4.

Ploner, M., Lee, M. C., Wiech, K., Bingel, U., & Tracey, I. (2010). Prestimulus functional connectivity determines pain perception in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 355–360.CrossRefPubMed

Poldrack, R. A. (2006). Can cognitive processes be inferred from neuroimaging data? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 59–63.CrossRefPubMed

Poldrack, R. A. (2011). Inferring mental states from neuroimaging data: From reverse inference to large-scale decoding. Neuron, 72, 692–697.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Preston, S. D., & De Waal, F. B. (2002). Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25, 1–20.PubMed

Rosvold, H. E., Mirsky, A. F., & Pribram, K. H. (1954). Influence of amygdalectomy on social behavior in monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 47, 173–178.CrossRefPubMed

Samochowiec, J., Lesch, K. P., Rottmann, M., Smolka, M., Syagailo, Y. V., Okladnova, O., et al. (1999). Association of a regulatory polymorphism in the promoter region of the monoamine oxidase A gene with antisocial alcoholism. Psychiatry Research, 86, 67–72.CrossRefPubMed

Schmidt, L. G., Sander, T., Kuhn, S., Smolka, M., Rommelspacher, H., Samochowiec, J., et al. (2000). Different allele distribution of a regulatory MAOA gene promoter polymorphism in antisocial and anxious-depressive alcoholics. Journal of Neural Transmission, 107, 681–689.CrossRefPubMed

Shanahan, M. J., & Hofer, S. M. (2005). Social context in gene–environment interactions: Retrospect and prospect. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60, 65–76.CrossRef

Singer, T., Critchley, H. D., & Preuschoff, K. (2009). A common role of insula in feelings, empathy and uncertainty. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 334–340.CrossRefPubMed

Stephan, W. G., & Finlay, K. (1999). The role of empathy in improving intergroup relations. Journal of Social Issues, 55, 729–743.CrossRef

Sturgis, P., Read, S., Hatemi, P. K., Zhu, G., Trull, T., Wright, M. J., et al. (2010). A genetic basis for social trust? Political Behavior, 32, 205–230.CrossRef

Taber, C. S., & Young, E. (2013). Political information processing. In L. Huddy, D. O. Sears, & J. Levy (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of political psychology (pp. 525–558). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Theodoridis, A. G., & Nelson, A. J. (2012). Of BOLD claims and excessive fears: A call for caution and patience regarding political neuroscience. Political Psychology, 33, 27–43.CrossRef

Uddin, L. Q. (2015). Salience processing and insular cortical function and dysfunction. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16, 55–61.CrossRefPubMed

Vanukov, M. M., Moss, H. B., Yu, L. M., & Deka, R. (1995). A dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the gene for monoamine oxidase A and measures of aggressiveness. Psychiatry Research, 59, 35–41.CrossRef

Wicker, B., Keysers, C., Plailly, J., Royet, J., Gallese, V., & Rizzolatti, G. (2003). Both of us disgusted in my insula: The common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust. Neuron, 40, 655–664.CrossRefPubMed

Wilson, E. O. (1998). Consilience: The unity of knowledge. New York: Vintage Books.

Zink, C. F., Tong, Y., Chen, Q., Bassett, D. S., Stein, J. L., & Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2008). Know your place: Neural processing of social hierarchy in humans. Neuron, 58, 273–283.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Titel: The Neurobiology of Fairness and Social Justice: An Introduction
verfasst von: H. Hannah Nam
John T. Jost
Stanley Feldman
Publikationsdatum: 14.11.2017
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Social Justice Research / Ausgabe 4/2017
Print ISSN: 0885-7466
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-6725
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-017-0296-z

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2017

The Role of Genes and Environments in Linking the Need to Evaluate with Political Ideology and Political Extremity

Who Sees What as Fair? Mapping Individual Differences in Valuation of Reciprocity, Charity, and Impartiality

A Genetic Basis of Economic Egalitarianism

Who Can Deviate from the Party Line? Political Ideology Moderates Evaluation of Incongruent Policy Positions in Insula and Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Putting Ourselves in Another’s Skin: Using the Plasticity of Self-Perception to Enhance Empathy and Decrease Prejudice

Observing Environmental Destruction Stimulates Neural Activation in Networks Associated with Empathic Responses

Premium Partner