Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Universal Access in the Information Society 2/2017

07.03.2016 | Long paper

The smallest target size for a comfortable pointing in freehand space: human pointing precision of freehand interaction

verfasst von: Zhuorui Liang, Xiangmin Xu, Shaolin Zhou

Erschienen in: Universal Access in the Information Society | Ausgabe 2/2017

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Designing interfaces that suit human pointing precision in freehand space can improve the smoothness and naturalness of gestural interaction. However, only few studies focus on the proper pointing precision for a comfortable target acquisition to provide suggestions for user-centered interface design for such kind of techniques. This paper presents work on studying and estimating human pointing precision in three separate dimensions in different motion ranges when performing precision movement in freehand space. Human pointing precision was estimated to be about 1.67–3.0 cm within a motion range about 40 cm. Participants’ performances for small target acquisition were close in horizontal and vertical dimensions, but worst in depth dimension. The effects of task amplitude on the pointing precision became prominent in depth dimension, and minimal in vertical dimension. The work also indicated that precise movement of freehand induced side effect to make hand stiff and gesture like “putting forward” physically exhausting, especially to reach small targets. This work provides a deeper insight into freehand interaction and contributes to the user-centered design of freehand-like interfaces.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Freeman, W.T., Weissman, C.: Television control by hand gestures. In: International Workshop IEEE FG’95, pp. 179–183 (1995) Freeman, W.T., Weissman, C.: Television control by hand gestures. In: International Workshop IEEE FG’95, pp. 179–183 (1995)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Vogel, D., Balakrishnan, R.: Distant freehand pointing and clicking on very large, high resolution displays. In: Proceedings of UIST, pp. 33–42 (2005) Vogel, D., Balakrishnan, R.: Distant freehand pointing and clicking on very large, high resolution displays. In: Proceedings of UIST, pp. 33–42 (2005)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bailly, G., Vo, D.B., Lecolinet, E., Guiard, Y.: Gesture-aware remote controls: guidelines and interaction technique. In: Proceedings of ICMI’11, pp. 263–270. ACM, New York, NY (2011) Bailly, G., Vo, D.B., Lecolinet, E., Guiard, Y.: Gesture-aware remote controls: guidelines and interaction technique. In: Proceedings of ICMI’11, pp. 263–270. ACM, New York, NY (2011)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Kühnel, C., Westermann, T., Hemmert, F., Kratz, S., Müller, A., Möller, S.: I’m home: defining and evaluating a gesture set for smart-home control. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 69(11), 693–704 (2011)CrossRef Kühnel, C., Westermann, T., Hemmert, F., Kratz, S., Müller, A., Möller, S.: I’m home: defining and evaluating a gesture set for smart-home control. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 69(11), 693–704 (2011)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Vatavu, R.D., Pentiuc, S.G.: Interactive coffee tables: interfacing TV within an intuitive, fun and shared experience. In: Proceedings of EUROITV’08, pp. 183–187. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2008) Vatavu, R.D., Pentiuc, S.G.: Interactive coffee tables: interfacing TV within an intuitive, fun and shared experience. In: Proceedings of EUROITV’08, pp. 183–187. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2008)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Campbell, B.A., O’Brien, K.R., Byrne, M.D. Bachman, B.J.: Fitts’ Law predictions with an alternative pointing device (Wiimote®). In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics 52nd Annual Meeting, pp. 1321–1325 (2008) Campbell, B.A., O’Brien, K.R., Byrne, M.D. Bachman, B.J.: Fitts’ Law predictions with an alternative pointing device (Wiimote®). In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics 52nd Annual Meeting, pp. 1321–1325 (2008)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Argelaguet, F., Andujar, C.: A survey of 3D object selection techniques for virtual environments. Comput. Graph. 37, 121–136 (2013)CrossRef Argelaguet, F., Andujar, C.: A survey of 3D object selection techniques for virtual environments. Comput. Graph. 37, 121–136 (2013)CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Berard, F., Rochet-Capellan, A.: Measuring the Linear and Rotational User Precision in Touch Pointing, TS’12, November 11–14, 2012, Cambridge, MA Berard, F., Rochet-Capellan, A.: Measuring the Linear and Rotational User Precision in Touch Pointing, TS’12, November 11–14, 2012, Cambridge, MA
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Berard, F., Wang, G., Cooperstock, J.R.: On the Limits of the Human Motor Control Precision: the Search for a Device’s Human Resolution, INTERACT 2011, Part II, LNCS 6947, pp. 107–122 (2011) Berard, F., Wang, G., Cooperstock, J.R.: On the Limits of the Human Motor Control Precision: the Search for a Device’s Human Resolution, INTERACT 2011, Part II, LNCS 6947, pp. 107–122 (2011)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Casiez, G., Vogel, D., Balakrishnan, R., Cockburn, A.: The impact of control-display gain on user performance in pointing tasks. Hum. Comput. Interact. 23(3), 215–250 (2008)CrossRef Casiez, G., Vogel, D., Balakrishnan, R., Cockburn, A.: The impact of control-display gain on user performance in pointing tasks. Hum. Comput. Interact. 23(3), 215–250 (2008)CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernhaupt, R., Obrist, M., Weiss, A., Beck, E., Tscheligi, M.: Trends in the living room and beyond: results from ethnographic studies using creative and playful probing. Comput. Entertain. 6(1), 5 (2008)CrossRef Bernhaupt, R., Obrist, M., Weiss, A., Beck, E., Tscheligi, M.: Trends in the living room and beyond: results from ethnographic studies using creative and playful probing. Comput. Entertain. 6(1), 5 (2008)CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Norman, D.A.: Natural user interfaces are not natural. Interactions 17(3), 6–10 (2010)CrossRef Norman, D.A.: Natural user interfaces are not natural. Interactions 17(3), 6–10 (2010)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Barclay, K., Wei, D., Lutteroth, C., Sheehan, R.: A quantitative quality model for gesture based user interfaces. OZCHI’11, Nov 28–Dec 2, 2011, Canberra (2011) Barclay, K., Wei, D., Lutteroth, C., Sheehan, R.: A quantitative quality model for gesture based user interfaces. OZCHI’11, Nov 28–Dec 2, 2011, Canberra (2011)
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Baudel, T., Lafton, M.B.: CHARADE: remote control of objects using free-hand gestures. Commun. ACM 36, 28–35 (1993)CrossRef Baudel, T., Lafton, M.B.: CHARADE: remote control of objects using free-hand gestures. Commun. ACM 36, 28–35 (1993)CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Fukumoto, M., Mase, K., Suenaga, Y.: Finger-Pointer: A Glove Free Interface, CHI’92 Conference Proceedings, Poster and Short Talks Booklet, 62 (1992) Fukumoto, M., Mase, K., Suenaga, Y.: Finger-Pointer: A Glove Free Interface, CHI’92 Conference Proceedings, Poster and Short Talks Booklet, 62 (1992)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Jenkins, D.B.: Functional Anatomy of the Limbs and Back, pp. 91–99. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA (2009) Jenkins, D.B.: Functional Anatomy of the Limbs and Back, pp. 91–99. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA (2009)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat König, W.A., Gerken, J., Dierdorf, S., Reiterer, H.: Adaptive pointing—design and evaluation of a precision enhancing technique for absolute pointing devices. In: INTERACT’09: Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human–Computer Interaction, pp. 658–671. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2009) König, W.A., Gerken, J., Dierdorf, S., Reiterer, H.: Adaptive pointing—design and evaluation of a precision enhancing technique for absolute pointing devices. In: INTERACT’09: Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human–Computer Interaction, pp. 658–671. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2009)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Fitts, P.M.: The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 121(3), 262–269 (1992)CrossRef Fitts, P.M.: The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 121(3), 262–269 (1992)CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Campos, F.M.M.O., Calado, J.M.F.: Approaches to human arm movement control: a review. Ann. Rev. Control 33, 69–77 (2009)CrossRef Campos, F.M.M.O., Calado, J.M.F.: Approaches to human arm movement control: a review. Ann. Rev. Control 33, 69–77 (2009)CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Saunders, J.A., Knill, D.C.: Visual feedback control of hand movements. J. Neurosci. 24(13), 3223–3234 (2004)CrossRef Saunders, J.A., Knill, D.C.: Visual feedback control of hand movements. J. Neurosci. 24(13), 3223–3234 (2004)CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat MacKenzie, I.S.: Fitts’ law as a research and design tool in human–computer interaction. Hum. Comput. Interact. 7, 91–139 (1992)CrossRef MacKenzie, I.S.: Fitts’ law as a research and design tool in human–computer interaction. Hum. Comput. Interact. 7, 91–139 (1992)CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Chapuis, O., Dragicevic. P.: Effects of motor scale, visual scale and quantization on small target acquisition difficulty. ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact. 18(3) (2011). Art ID 13 Chapuis, O., Dragicevic. P.: Effects of motor scale, visual scale and quantization on small target acquisition difficulty. ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact. 18(3) (2011). Art ID 13
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Apostolico, A., Cappetti, N., D’Oria, C., Naddeo, A., Sestri, M.: Postural comfort evaluation: experimental identification of Range of Rest Posture for human articular joints. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. 8, 109–120 (2014)CrossRef Apostolico, A., Cappetti, N., D’Oria, C., Naddeo, A., Sestri, M.: Postural comfort evaluation: experimental identification of Range of Rest Posture for human articular joints. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. 8, 109–120 (2014)CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhai, S., Milgram, P., Rastogi, A.: Anisotropic human performance in six degree-of-freedom tracking: an evaluation of three-dimensional display and control interfaces. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. A 27(4), 518–528 (1997)CrossRef Zhai, S., Milgram, P., Rastogi, A.: Anisotropic human performance in six degree-of-freedom tracking: an evaluation of three-dimensional display and control interfaces. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. A 27(4), 518–528 (1997)CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Aerospace medical research laboratory, Investigation of inertial properties of human body. Technical report (March 1975) Aerospace medical research laboratory, Investigation of inertial properties of human body. Technical report (March 1975)
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernmark, E., Wiktorin, C.: A triaxial accelerometer for measuring arm movements. Appl. Ergon. 33, 541–547 (2002)CrossRef Bernmark, E., Wiktorin, C.: A triaxial accelerometer for measuring arm movements. Appl. Ergon. 33, 541–547 (2002)CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Remmel, R.S.: Use of an electromagnetic eye movement monitor for easy measurement of arm movements. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 53(11), 2356–2361 (2006)CrossRef Remmel, R.S.: Use of an electromagnetic eye movement monitor for easy measurement of arm movements. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 53(11), 2356–2361 (2006)CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Srinivasan, D., Samani, A., Mathiassen, S.E., Madeleine, P.: The size and structure of arm movement variability decreased with work pace in a standardised repetitive precision task. Ergonomics 58, 1 (2015)CrossRef Srinivasan, D., Samani, A., Mathiassen, S.E., Madeleine, P.: The size and structure of arm movement variability decreased with work pace in a standardised repetitive precision task. Ergonomics 58, 1 (2015)CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaufman, L.: Sight and Mind: An Introduction to Visual Perception. Oxford University Press, London (1974) Kaufman, L.: Sight and Mind: An Introduction to Visual Perception. Oxford University Press, London (1974)
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Haber, R.N., Hershenson, M.: The Psychology of Visual Perception. Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, New York (1973) Haber, R.N., Hershenson, M.: The Psychology of Visual Perception. Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, New York (1973)
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Sollenberger, R.L., Milgram, P.: Effects of stereoscopic and rotational displays in a three-dimensional path-tracing task. Hum. Factors 35(3), 483–499 (1993) Sollenberger, R.L., Milgram, P.: Effects of stereoscopic and rotational displays in a three-dimensional path-tracing task. Hum. Factors 35(3), 483–499 (1993)
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Arthur, K., Booth, K., Ware, C.: Evaluating 3-D task performance for fish tank virtual worlds. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 11(3), 239–265 (1993)CrossRef Arthur, K., Booth, K., Ware, C.: Evaluating 3-D task performance for fish tank virtual worlds. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 11(3), 239–265 (1993)CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Tachi, S., Yasuda, K.: Evaluation experiments of a tele-existence manipulation system. Presence Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 3(1), 35–44 (1994)CrossRef Tachi, S., Yasuda, K.: Evaluation experiments of a tele-existence manipulation system. Presence Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 3(1), 35–44 (1994)CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Massimino, M.J., Sheridan, T.B., Roseborough, J.B.: One hand tracking in six degrees of freedom. In: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, pp. 498–503 (1989) Massimino, M.J., Sheridan, T.B., Roseborough, J.B.: One hand tracking in six degrees of freedom. In: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, pp. 498–503 (1989)
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Rice, J.R., Yorchak, J.P., Hartley, C.S.: Capture of satellites having rotational motion. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting, pp. 870–874. Dayton, OH (1986) Rice, J.R., Yorchak, J.P., Hartley, C.S.: Capture of satellites having rotational motion. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting, pp. 870–874. Dayton, OH (1986)
38.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Hara. J.: Telerobotic control of a dexterous manipulator using master and six-DOF hand controllers for space assembly and servicing tasks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting, pp. 791–795. New York (1987) O’Hara. J.: Telerobotic control of a dexterous manipulator using master and six-DOF hand controllers for space assembly and servicing tasks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting, pp. 791–795. New York (1987)
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Cabral, M.C., Morimoto, C.H., Zuffo, M.K. (2005) In the usability of gesture interfaces in virtual reality environments. CLIHC’05, October 23-26, 2005, Cuernavaca, México. Copyright is held by the author(s). ACM 1-59593-224-0 Cabral, M.C., Morimoto, C.H., Zuffo, M.K. (2005) In the usability of gesture interfaces in virtual reality environments. CLIHC’05, October 23-26, 2005, Cuernavaca, México. Copyright is held by the author(s). ACM 1-59593-224-0
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Masataka, N., Yuto, N., Masao, S., Yewguan, S., Jun, O., Tamio, A.: Design of Gesture Interface for Deskwork Support System. ICROS-SICE International Joint Conference, August 18–21, 2009. Fukuoka International Congress Center, Japan (2009) Masataka, N., Yuto, N., Masao, S., Yewguan, S., Jun, O., Tamio, A.: Design of Gesture Interface for Deskwork Support System. ICROS-SICE International Joint Conference, August 18–21, 2009. Fukuoka International Congress Center, Japan (2009)
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, H., Kim, Y., Ko, D., Kim, J., Lee, E.C.: Pointing Gesture Interface for Large Display Environments Based on the Kinect Skeleton Model. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 309. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2014) Kim, H., Kim, Y., Ko, D., Kim, J., Lee, E.C.: Pointing Gesture Interface for Large Display Environments Based on the Kinect Skeleton Model. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 309. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2014)
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Pajares, M., Ayala, P., Fajardo, I., Vicente, D., Gdaña, M.: Usability Analysis of a Pointing Gesture Interface, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Pajares, M., Ayala, P., Fajardo, I., Vicente, D., Gdaña, M.: Usability Analysis of a Pointing Gesture Interface, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Accot, J., Zhai, S.: Refining Fitts’ law models for bivariate pointing. In: Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2003 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, April 2003, pp. 193–200. ACM, Ft. Lauderdale, FL (2003) Accot, J., Zhai, S.: Refining Fitts’ law models for bivariate pointing. In: Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2003 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, April 2003, pp. 193–200. ACM, Ft. Lauderdale, FL (2003)
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Grossman, T, Balakrishnan, R.: Pointing at trivariate targets in 3D environments. In: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human–Computer Interaction—CHI 2004, April 2004, Vienna, Austria, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 447–454. ACM, New York, NY Grossman, T, Balakrishnan, R.: Pointing at trivariate targets in 3D environments. In: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human–Computer Interaction—CHI 2004, April 2004, Vienna, Austria, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 447–454. ACM, New York, NY
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Grossman, T., Balakrishnan. R.: Pointing at Trivariate Targets in 3D Environments. CHI 2004, April 24–29, 2004, Vienna, Austria Grossman, T., Balakrishnan. R.: Pointing at Trivariate Targets in 3D Environments. CHI 2004, April 24–29, 2004, Vienna, Austria
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Murata, A., Iwase, H.: Extending Fitts’ law to a three-dimensional pointing task. Hum. Mov. Sci. 20, 291–805 (2001)CrossRef Murata, A., Iwase, H.: Extending Fitts’ law to a three-dimensional pointing task. Hum. Mov. Sci. 20, 291–805 (2001)CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Du J, Shi H, and Yuan X. Modeling of human’s pointing movement on the effect of target position. In: Digital Human Modeling, HCII 2007, LNCS 4561, pp. 48–55. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2007) Du J, Shi H, and Yuan X. Modeling of human’s pointing movement on the effect of target position. In: Digital Human Modeling, HCII 2007, LNCS 4561, pp. 48–55. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2007)
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Kopper, R., Bowman, D.A., Silva, M.G., McMahan, R.P.: A human motor behavior model for distal pointing tasks. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 68(10), 603–615 (2010)CrossRef Kopper, R., Bowman, D.A., Silva, M.G., McMahan, R.P.: A human motor behavior model for distal pointing tasks. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 68(10), 603–615 (2010)CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Kondraske, G.V.: An angular motion Fitts’ law for human performance modeling and prediction. In: Proceedings of Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, vol. 307 (1994) Kondraske, G.V.: An angular motion Fitts’ law for human performance modeling and prediction. In: Proceedings of Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, vol. 307 (1994)
50.
Zurück zum Zitat MacKenzie, I.S.: Movement time prediction in human–computer interfaces. In: Proceedings of Graphics Interface—GI’92. Canadian Information Processing Society, Toronto, pp. 140–150 (1992) MacKenzie, I.S.: Movement time prediction in human–computer interfaces. In: Proceedings of Graphics Interface—GI’92. Canadian Information Processing Society, Toronto, pp. 140–150 (1992)
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Zeng, X., Hedge, A., Guimbretiere, F.: Fitts’ Law in 3D space with coordinated hand movements. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 56th Annual Meeting (2012) Zeng, X., Hedge, A., Guimbretiere, F.: Fitts’ Law in 3D space with coordinated hand movements. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 56th Annual Meeting (2012)
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Berard, F., Rochet-Capellan, A.: Measuring the Linear and Rotational User Precision in Touch Pointing, TS’12, November 11–14, 2012, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (2012) Berard, F., Rochet-Capellan, A.: Measuring the Linear and Rotational User Precision in Touch Pointing, TS’12, November 11–14, 2012, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (2012)
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, Z., Kim, H., Milutinović, D., Rosen, J.: Synthesizing redundancy resolution criteria of the human arm posture in reaching movements. In: Redundancy in Robot Manipulators, LNEE 57, pp. 201–240. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2013) Li, Z., Kim, H., Milutinović, D., Rosen, J.: Synthesizing redundancy resolution criteria of the human arm posture in reaching movements. In: Redundancy in Robot Manipulators, LNEE 57, pp. 201–240. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2013)
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Berman, P.W., Cunningham, J.G., Harkulich, J.: Construction of the horizontal, vertical and oblique by young children: failure to find the ‘oblique effect’. Child Dev 45, 474–478 (1974)CrossRef Berman, P.W., Cunningham, J.G., Harkulich, J.: Construction of the horizontal, vertical and oblique by young children: failure to find the ‘oblique effect’. Child Dev 45, 474–478 (1974)CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Lindeman, R.W., Sibert, J.L., Hahn, J.K.: Hand-held windows: towards effective 2D interaction in immersive virtual environments. In: IEEE Virtual Reality, pp. 205–212 (1999) Lindeman, R.W., Sibert, J.L., Hahn, J.K.: Hand-held windows: towards effective 2D interaction in immersive virtual environments. In: IEEE Virtual Reality, pp. 205–212 (1999)
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Herndon, K.P., van Dam, A., Gleicher, M.: The challenges of 3D interaction: a CHI’94 workshop. SIGCHI Bull 26(4), 36–43 (1994)CrossRef Herndon, K.P., van Dam, A., Gleicher, M.: The challenges of 3D interaction: a CHI’94 workshop. SIGCHI Bull 26(4), 36–43 (1994)CrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Bowman, D.A., Wingrave, C.A., Campbell, J.: Using pinch gloves for both natural and abstract interaction techniques in virtual environments. In: HCI International, pp. 629–633 (2001) Bowman, D.A., Wingrave, C.A., Campbell, J.: Using pinch gloves for both natural and abstract interaction techniques in virtual environments. In: HCI International, pp. 629–633 (2001)
Metadaten
Titel
The smallest target size for a comfortable pointing in freehand space: human pointing precision of freehand interaction
verfasst von
Zhuorui Liang
Xiangmin Xu
Shaolin Zhou
Publikationsdatum
07.03.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Universal Access in the Information Society / Ausgabe 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1615-5289
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-5297
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-016-0464-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2017

Universal Access in the Information Society 2/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Premium Partner