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Cognitive Processing

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17.12.2022 | Research Article

The subjective feeling of a gap between conceptual and perceptual fluency is interpreted as a metacognitive signal of pastness

verfasst von: D. Brouillet, P. Servajean, R. Josa, C. Gimenez, S. Turo, A. H. Michalland

Erschienen in: Cognitive Processing | Ausgabe 1/2023

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Abstract

The present study aimed to address the following question: does the discrepancy between an expected word and its readability enhances or impair its memorability? We used an adaptation of the sentence stem paradigm (Whittlesea in J Exp Psycol 19:1235–1253, 1993) and manipulated the perceptual clarity of the words by introducing some Gaussian noise (Reber in Psycol Sci 9:45–48, 1998). The target words were semantically predictable or otherwise (conceptual fluency) or were easy or difficult to read (perceptual fluency). The first experiment was conducted to ensure that the two manipulated factors had an impact on the readability of the words. In particular, results showed that when the words were written against a noisy background their predictability enhanced the judgement of readability. The second experiment aimed to test the hypothesis that recognition would be influenced by the discrepancy between conceptual and perceptual fluency. The results showed that with a noisy background, the predictability of the target words had an impact on recognition judgement; with a clear background, the effect on the recognition judgement was caused by the non-predictability of the target words. Conversely, confidence in judgement increased when the two factors went in the same direction, that is, predictability with clarity and non-predictability with low clarity. The results showed that (a) depending on the task, the effects of conceptual and perceptual fluency did not go in the same direction; (b) the kinds of fluency (conceptual and perceptual) were not independent; and (c) recognition judgements were affected by the gap between conceptual and perceptual fluency.

Vorheriger Artikel High media multitasking habit influences self-referential emotional memory

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It has now been established that fluency occurs at various levels: perceptual fluency (Jacoby and Dallas 1981) reflects the ease of low-level processes and concerns the physical characteristics of the item; conceptual fluency (Whittlesea 1993) reflects the ease of high-level processes and is associated with previously acquired knowledge; and motor fluency (Yang et al. 2009) reflects the ease with which a gesture is performed.

We used an effect size of 0.25 following Lanska and Westerman (2018) and Brouillet et al. (2021). To overcome the possible inadequacy of a binary rejection or acceptance of H0 (i.e., p > .05 vs. p < .05), we used Bayesian inference (Rouder et al. 2009). In the Bayesian framework, the value of hypotheses is updated based on the success of the prediction: hypotheses that predict the observed data relatively well are more credible than those that predict the data relatively poorly (Wagenmakers et al 2016). Moreover, it is now recognised that the Bayesian framework is a useful complement to the more frequent p value (Dienes and Mclatchie 2018).

We used an effect size of 0.25 as in Experiment 1 and following Lanska and Westerman (2018) and Brouillet et al. (2021).

Binomial test.

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Titel: The subjective feeling of a gap between conceptual and perceptual fluency is interpreted as a metacognitive signal of pastness
verfasst von: D. Brouillet
P. Servajean
R. Josa
C. Gimenez
S. Turo
A. H. Michalland
Publikationsdatum: 17.12.2022
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Cognitive Processing / Ausgabe 1/2023
Print ISSN: 1612-4782
Elektronische ISSN: 1612-4790
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-022-01114-0

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