The Temperature and Structure Dependence of Surface Tension of CaO-SiO₂-Na₂O-CaF₂ Mold Fluxes

The surface tension of mold flux is one of the most important properties and varies with the temperature from the top to the bottom of the mold, which influences the adhesion and lubrication between the liquid mold flux and the solidified shell, further influencing the quality of the continuous billet. In the present paper, the effect of temperature on the surface tension of CaO-SiO₂-Na₂O-CaF₂ mold-flux melts with different CaO/SiO₂ mass ratios was investigated using the maximum-pull method. Furthermore, the microstructure of mold fluxes was analyzed using FT-IR and Raman spectra to discuss the change mechanism of surface tension. The results indicated that the temperature dependence of surface tension was different with different CaO/SiO₂ mass ratios, and agreed with the modification of melt structure. When the CaO/SiO₂ mass ratio was 0.67 and 0.85, the change of surface tension with temperature was relatively stable, and the influence of temperature on the structure was small. When the CaO/SiO₂ mass ratio was 1.03 and 1.16, with an increase of temperature, the surface tension decreased linearly and the changing amplitude was large; the degree of polymerization of melts and average radii of silicon-oxygen anions also decreased, which intensified the molecular thermal motion and weakened the intermolecular interaction, resulting in a decrease of surface tension of melts.