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Erschienen in:

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

The United States’ Path to Concluding the Trans-Pacific Partnership: Will TPA + TAA = TPP?

verfasst von : Meredith Kolsky Lewis

Erschienen in: European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2016

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The political economy of international trade decision-making within the United States is ever-changing and complex. The recent debates over the merits of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP,) and the associated efforts of the Obama Administration to obtain Trade Promotion Authority (TPA), highlight these complexities. This short article is an attempt to clarify the political economy dynamics in the United States with respect to the TPP. It first explains what Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) is and why President Obama needed to have TPA as a precursor to concluding the TPP negotiations. Second, it discusses some of the internal political dynamics impacting support for, or opposition to, the TPP, as well as the Administration’s previous failures to obtain TPA for the TPP negotiations. Third, the piece addresses Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) and its interplay with TPA. The article concludes with an assessment of the ramifications for the TPP of the House and Senate having passed both the TPA and TAA bills.

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Vorheriges Kapitel International Economic Law and Human Rights: Friends, Enemies or Frenemies?

Nächstes Kapitel TPP, Regulatory Coherence and China’s Free Trade Strategy from A to Z

U.S. Constitution, art. I, § 8.

U.S. Constitution, art. II, § 2, cl. 2.

Fergusson IF (2012) Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) and the Role of Congress in Trade Policy. Congressional Research Service, p. 2.

Pub. L. 73-316, H.R. 8687, enacted 29 March 1934; 19 U.S.C. §§ 1351-1354.

Pub. L. 93-618, H.R. 10710, enacted 3 January 1975; 19 U.S.C. 2101.

Pub. L. 107-210, H.R. 3009, enacted 6 August 2002; 19 U.S.C. §§ 3803-3805. The expiration of TPA only applied to trade agreements that had not been signed as of 1 July 2007. Accordingly, although the United States’ free trade agreements with Colombia, Korea and Panama were not brought before Congress until 2011, all had been signed before the expiration of TPA in 2007 and thus were submitted to Congress pursuant to the previous grant of TPA authority. Prior to the 2002 Trade Act, the President had been without TPA since 1994.

See, e.g., Kirk Says Administration Will Seek Fast Track Authority, Predicts Approval. Inside U.S. Trade, 18 December 2009.

At that time, the Administration was also focusing on completing FTAs with Korea, Panama and Colombia, which had been signed by President Bush but to which Congress required additional changes, which necessitated further negotiations. However, because those FTAs were signed before the expiry of the previous grant of TPA, it was only the TPP that was being negotiated without TPA.

See Boehner Calls on President to Pursue New, Broad Fast-Track Authority. Inside U.S. Trade, 23 March 2012.

See United States Senate Committee on Finance (2014) Baucus, Hatch, Camp Unveil Bill to Bring Home Job-Creating Trade Agreements, http://www.finance.senate.gov/newsroom/chairman/release/?id=7cd1c188-87f1-4a0b-8856-3fc139121ca9 (last accessed 11 August 2015).

Colman Z, Democrats Give Obama Cold Shoulder on Trade Promotion Authority. The Washington Diplomat, 27 February 2014, http://www.washdiplomat.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10091:democrats-give-obama-cold-shoulder-on-trade-promotion-authority&catid=1515&Itemid=428 (last accessed 11 August 2015).

See, e.g., Hatch Says Congress Won’t Consider TPA Before April; Hints No Bill Prior. Inside U.S. Trade, 6 March 2015.

See Wiseman J, Deal Reached on Fast-Track Authority for Obama on Trade Accord. The New York Times, 16 April 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/17/business/obama-trade-legislation-fast-track-authority-trans-pacific-partnership.html (last accessed 11 August 2015).

See, e.g., Barfield C (2015) Tipping Our TPP Hand. American Enterprise Institute, https://www.aei.org/publication/tipping-our-tpp-hand/ (last accessed 11 August 2015).

See Robb Says Only One Week Left to Finish TPP, if TPA Passes. Inside U.S. Trade, 19 June 2015.

See Senate Approves TPA-TAA Bill with Two Changes, After Two-Week Fight Fizzles. Inside U.S. Trade, 29 May 2015.

See In a Surprise Move, House Votes Down TAA, Sets Back Fast Track. Inside U.S. Trade, 19 June 2015.

See House Approves Standalone TPA Bill as Part of Obama-GOP Plan. Inside U.S. Trade, 19 June 2015.

For a discussion of filibusters and cloture, see United States Senate, “Filibuster and Cloture” http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Filibuster_Cloture.htm (last accessed 11 August 2015).

See http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Filibuster_Cloture.htm (last accessed 11 August 2015).

See Congress Approves TAA-Preferences Bill with Backing of House Dems. Inside U.S. Trade, 26 June 2015.

The grant of Trade Promotion Authority appears in Title I of H.R. 2146, and can be cited as the Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015. See https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/2146/text?q={%22search%22%3A[%22\%22hr2146\%22%22]} (last accessed 11 August 2015). For a summary of all of the trade-related legislation signed into law on 29 June, see On Trade: Here’s What the President Signed into Law. The White House Blog, 29 June 2015, https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/06/29/trade-here-s-what-president-signed-law (last accessed 11 August 2015).

H.R. 2146, Sec. 103(a)(1)(A).

H.R. 2146, Sec. 107(a)(1)-(5).

H.R. 2146, Sec. 102(b)(12).

H.R. 2146, Sec. 106(b)(6). This provision in particular may cause issues with respect to Malaysia’s inclusion in the TPP. See Weisman J, Congressional Panels Approve Fast Track for Trade Deal, with Conditions. The New York Times, 23 April 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/business/international/congressional-panels-approve-fast-track-for-trade-deal-with-conditions.html?_r=0 (last accessed 11 August 2015).

McBeth P, TPP Negotiations Set to Accelerate, Groser Says. Scoop Business, 30 June 2015, http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU1506/S01068/tpp-negotiations-set-to-accelerate-groser-says.htm (last accessed 11 August 2015).

See TPA Passage Shifts Focus to TPP, But Some Skeptical of Quick Conclusion. Inside U.S. Trade, 26 June 2015.

Titel: The United States’ Path to Concluding the Trans-Pacific Partnership: Will TPA + TAA = TPP?
verfasst von: Meredith Kolsky Lewis
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2016
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29214-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-29215-1

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29215-1_20

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