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Topics in Catalysis
Erschienen in: Topics in Catalysis 5-6/2020

22.04.2020 | Original Paper

TiO2 Photocatalytic Degradation of Diclofenac: Intermediates and Total Reaction Mechanism

verfasst von: Edgar Moctezuma, Elisa Leyva, Carmen Lara-Pérez, Saúl Noriega, Antonio Martínez-Richa

Erschienen in: Topics in Catalysis | Ausgabe 5-6/2020

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Abstract

Diclofenac (DCF) photocatalytic degradation with TiO2-P25 illuminated with UV-A light in aqueous media was investigated. The photodegradation rate was assessed by HPLC and UV–vis spectroscopy, while the mineralization rate was obtained by total organic carbon measurements. The formation and degradation of intermediate compounds were investigated by UV–vis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and GC/MS analysis. UV–vis absorbance and HPLC results indicated that DCF is completely transformed into some aromatic compounds after several hours of irradiation. TOC analysis indicated that some intermediate compounds are degraded slowly since 90% mineralization was achieved after several hours of irradiation. FT-IR studies demonstrated a rapid conversion of diclofenac into a lactam, which was converted into several aromatic compounds. GC/MS and HPLC analysis indicated that the initial photoproducts are two lactams and several aromatic anilines and phenols. 1H NMR studies indicated DCF degrades by a rather simple mechanism generating a recalcitrant intermediate acid, namely 2-hydrophenyl acetic acid which is oxidized in several steps by hydroxyl radicals. 1H NMR studies also indicated that an oxidation route via a quinone is actually a very minor pathway. Based on this and previous investigations, a total photocatalytic degradation mechanism for DCF is presented, first involving hydroxyl radical reactions to generate anilines and phenols, which were all converted into polyhydroxylated compounds and eventually into low molecular saturated and unsaturated amines and carboxylic acids. Basic studies about diclofenac photocatalytic degradation are required for future applications of this process in the removal of DCF and other structurally related pharmaceutical compounds from any water body.

Graphic Abstract

Vorheriger Artikel Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Cu2O Microspheres upon Methyl Orange Degradation

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Metadaten
Titel
TiO2 Photocatalytic Degradation of Diclofenac: Intermediates and Total Reaction Mechanism
verfasst von
Edgar Moctezuma
Elisa Leyva
Carmen Lara-Pérez
Saúl Noriega
Antonio Martínez-Richa
Publikationsdatum
22.04.2020
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Topics in Catalysis / Ausgabe 5-6/2020
Print ISSN: 1022-5528
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-9028
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-020-01262-7

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