A novel design of a dependable and fault-tolerant multi-layer banyan network based on a crossbar switch for nano communication

Circuits based on quantum technology process data significantly quicker than circuits based on standard transistor-based technologies. The polarization of electrons provides digital information in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology. Making effective electronic circuits is one of the applications of this QCA technology in the field of nano communications. A nanonetwork, also known as a nano-scale network, is a collection of interconnected nanomachines capable of computation, data storage, sensing, and actuation. They can be built in various ways, with different phases of switching components and connecting links. On the other hand, manufacturing flaws and variances continue to be a concern with QCA-based circuits. Designing a fault-tolerant circuit for a banyan network is one of the most appealing topics in QCA nanotechnology because the banyan network is one of the most common and multistage communication architecture operations that are needed in all computing systems. The banyan network can be highly beneficial and supportive in designing any switching circuit. In the present article, we provide a novel circuit design technique for fault-tolerant banyan network circuits utilizing QCA technology, which is a new method for implementing the nano communications circuit. Furthermore, we used QCADesigner-E software to check simulated findings for a suggested circuit with other researchers for results and analysis. The fault-tolerant banyan network circuit that has been proposed employs 516 QCA cells, an area of 0.38 µm², and has a 1.5 clock cycle delay in achieving its goal. Furthermore, simulation outcomes show that the recommended banyan network circuit with a fault-tolerant can achieve a 70% fault tolerance against four faults: cell missing, cell displacement, extra cell, and cell rotation. These findings enrich the literature on digital transformation, fault-tolerant designs in nano-based technologies, and nano communication and provide implications for the transformation of nanonetworks and networks on the chip.