nach oben

Erschienen in:

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

11. Arctic Marine Oil Spill Response Methods: Environmental Challenges and Technological Limitations

verfasst von : Victor Pavlov

Erschienen in: Arctic Marine Sustainability

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The most important issue, besides financial viability, which stops oil and gas industry from operating in full scale in Arctic seas, is the harsh environmental conditions, which can undermine oil spill response actions in case of oil spill accidents. The methods and technologies that are currently in use, cannot deliver efficient and fast oil recovery from the sea surface under icy, stormy, low visibility and extremely cold conditions. In 2015, Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response Working Group of the Arctic Council (EPPR), an international body that strengthens oil spill response (OSR) in the Arctic region, discussed the need of improvements in this field. In 2018, after comprehensive studies of the Arctic waters, EPPR concluded that natural climate conditions are too challenging for the present level of OSR preparedness in many regions. There are still many technological limitations and no optimized strategies for oil spill abatement. Thus, OSR issues are and will stay on the agenda in future, too.

This chapter will focus on main available OSR methods and give an overview of challenges and limitations set by the demanding Arctic environment. It will analyze the different methods, in situ burning, dispersants use, mechanical and physical response, and their efficiency, applicability, and multiple environmental, economic and technical parameters.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Handling the Preparedness Challenges for Maritime and Offshore Operations in Arctic Waters

Nächstes Kapitel The Role of Supply Vessels in the Development of Offshore Field Projects in Arctic Waters

Allen, A. A. (1988). In-situ burning: A new technique for oil spill response. Woodinville: Spiltec.

Al-Majed, A. A., Adebayo, A. R., & Hossain, M. E. (2012, December 30) A sustainable approach to controlling oil spills. Journal of Environmental Management, 113213–227. ISSN 0301-4797, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.07.034.CrossRef

American Petroleum Institute (API). (2015). Field operations guide for in-situ burning of on-water oil spills. Available: http://www.oilspillprevention.org/~/media/Oil-Spill-Prevention/spillprevention/r-and-d/in-situ-burning/guide-for-isb-of-on-water-spills.pdf. Last accessed 19 Oct 2018.

American Petroleum Institute (API). (2016). In situ burning: A decision’s maker’s guide. Available: http://www.oilspillprevention.org/~/media/Oil-Spill-Prevention/spillprevention/r-and-d/in-situ-burning/api-technical-report-1256-in-situ-burnin.pdf. Last accessed 19 Oct 2018.

American Petroleum Institute (API). (2017). Factsheets about in-situ burning. Available: http://www.oilspillprevention.org/oil-spill-research-and-development-cente. Last accessed 19 Oct 2018.

Arctic Oil Spill Response Technology – Joint Industry Programme (JIP). (2014). Environmental impacts of Arctic oil spills and Arctic spill response technologies. Available: http://neba.arcticresponsetechnology.org/report/chapter-4/. Last accessed 29 Jan 2019.

Arctic Response Technology (ART). (2012). Summary of report: Spill response in the Arctic offshore. Available: http://www.arcticresponsetechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/FINAL-printed-brochure-for-ATC.pdf. Last accessed 16 Dec 2016.

Arctic Response Technology (ART). (2015). Mechanical recovery in ice – Summary report. Available: http://www.arcticresponsetechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/ACS-Mechanical-Recovery-of-Oil-in-Ice-Feasiblity-Report-Final-1208.pdf. Last accessed 16 Dec 2016.

Belore, R. C., Trudel, K., Mullin, J. V., & Guarino, A. (2009). Large-scale cold water dispersant effectiveness experiments with Alaskan crude oils and Corexit 9500 and 9527 dispersants. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58, 118–128.CrossRef

BP Canada Energy Group ULC (BP). (2018). Oil spill response plan. Available: https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp-country/en_ca/canada/documents/NS_Drilling_Pgm/Oil_Spill%20_Response_Plan_Annexes_A_to_G.PDF. Last accessed 19 Feb 2019.

Buist, I. A., Potter, S. G., Trudel, B. K., Ross, S. L., Shelnutt, S. R., Walker, A. H., & Scholz, D. K. (2013). In situ burning in ice-affected waters: State of knowledge. Report 7.1.1. Joint industry programme. Available: http://www.arcticresponsetechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Report-7.1.1-OGP_State_of_Knowledge_ISB_Ice_Oct_14_2013.pdf. Last accessed 6 Oct 2016.

Canevari, G. P., Calcavecchio, P., Becker, K. W., Lessard, R. R., & Fiocco, R. J. (2001). Key parameters affecting the dispersion of viscous oil. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings: March 2001, 2001(1), 479–483.

Daling, P. S., Holumsnes, A., Rasmussen, C., Brandvik, P. J., & Leirvik, F. (2010). Development and field testing of a flexible system for application of dispersants on oil spills in ice. In Proceedings of the thirty-third AMOP technical seminar on environmental contamination and response (pp. 787–814). Ottawa: Environment Canada.

Daling, P. S., Brandvik, P. J., Singsaas, I., & Lewis, A. (2012) Dispersant effectiveness testing of crude oils weathered under various ice condition. In Proceedings at Interspill Spill Conference, London 2012, 13–15 March.

Det Norske Veritas (DNV). (2015). Oil spill response in the Barents Sea South East. Available: https://www.norskoljeoggass.no/globalassets/dokumenter/miljo/barents-sea-exploration-collaboration/basec-rapport-7c%2D%2D%2D%2Dstatusrapport-om-oljevern-i-barentshavet-sorost.pdf. Last accessed 19 Feb 2019.

Dickins, D. (2015). Overview and background of oil spill response issues covered. Available: http://www.npcarcticpotentialreport.org/pdf/tp/8-1_Overview_and_Background_of_Oil_Spill_Response_Issues_Covered.pdf. Last accessed 27 Apr 2016.

Doshi, B., Sillanpää, M., & Kalliola, S. (2018). A review of bio-based materials for oil spill treatment, Water Research, 135, 262–277. ISSN 0043-1354, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.034.CrossRef

Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response (EPPR) Working Group of the Arctic Council. (1998). Field guide for oil spill response in Arctic waters. Environment Canada, Yellowknife, NT Canada, 348 pp (Contributing authors E. H. Owens, L. B. Solsberg, M. R. West, & M. McGrath).

Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response (EPPR) Working Group of the Arctic Council. (2015). Guide to oil spill response in snow and ice conditions. Available: https://oaarchive.arctic-council.org/handle/11374/403. Last accessed 2 Jan 2016.

Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response (EPPR) Working Group of the Arctic Council. (2017a). Circumpolar oil spill response viability analysis. Available: https://oaarchive.arctic-council.org/bitstream/handle/11374/1928/2017-05-09-EPPR-COSRVA-guts-and-cover-letter-size-digital-complete.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Last accessed 19 Oct 2018.

Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response (EPPR) Working Group of the Arctic Council. (2017b). Field guide for oil spill response in Arctic waters. Available: http://www.pws-osri.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/EPPR_Field_Guide_2nd_Edition_20171.pdf. Last accessed 22 Feb 2019.

Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response (EPPR) Working Group of the Arctic Council. (2017c). Overview of measures specifically designed to prevent oil pollution in the Arctic marine environment from offshore petroleum activities. Available: https://oaarchive.arctic-council.org/bitstream/handle/11374/1962/2017-05-05-EPPR-overview-of-measures-to-prevent-oil-pollution-offshore-petroleum-report-complete-A4-size-DIGITAL.pdf?sequence=1&isAllow. Last accessed 19 Feb 2019.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (1999). Understanding oil spills and oil spill response. Available: https://www7.nau.edu/itep/main/HazSubMap/docs/OilSpill/EPAUnderstandingOilSpillsAndOilSpillResponse1999.pdf. Last accessed 19 Oct 2018.

ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company (ExxonMobil). (2014). Oil spill response – field manual. Available: https://cdn.exxonmobil.com/~/media/global/files/energy-and-environment/oil-spill-response-field-manual_2014_e.pdf. Last accessed 19 Feb 2019.

Farmahini Farahani, H., Torero, J. L., Jomaas, G., & Rangwala, A. S.. (2019). Scaling analysis of ice melting during burning of oil in ice-infested waters. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 130, 386–392. ISSN 0017-9310, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.10.110.CrossRef

Federici, C., & Mintz, J. (2014). Oil properties and their impact on spill response options. Available: https://www.bsee.gov/sites/bsee.gov/files/osrr-oil-spill-response-research/1017aa.pdf. Last accessed 6 Oct 2016.

Fritt-Rasmussen, J., & Brandvik, P. J. (2011). Measuring ignitability for in situ burning of oil spills weathered under Arctic conditions: From laboratory studies to large scale field experiments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(8), 1780e1785.CrossRef

Fritt-Rasmussen, J., Brandvik, P.J., Villumsen, A., & Stenby, E. H. (2012, March). Comparing ignitability for in situ burning of oil spills for an asphaltenic, a waxy and a light crude oil as a function of weathering conditions under arctic conditions. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 72, 1–6. ISSN 0165-232X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2011.12.001.CrossRef

Gelderen, L., Brogaard, N. L., Sørensen, M. X., Fritt-Rasmussen, J., Rangwala, A. S., & Jomaas, G. (2015, November). Importance of the slick thickness for effective in-situ burning of crude oil. Fire Safety Journal, 78, 1–9. ISSN 0379-7112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.07.005.CrossRef

International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IPIECA). (2014). Oil spill waste minimization and management. Good practice guidelines for incident management and emergency response personnel. Available: http://www.ipieca.org/resources/good-practice/oil-spill-waste-minimization-and-management/. Last accessed 19 Oct 2018.

International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IPIECA). (2015). Dispersants: Surface application. Available: http://www.ipieca.org/resources/good-practice/dispersants-surface-application/. Last accessed 2 Mar 2019.

International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IPIECA). (2016). Controlled in-situ burning of spilled oil. Available: http://www.ipieca.org/resources/good-practice/controlled-in-situ-burning-of-spilled-oil/. Last accessed 19 Oct 2018.

International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF). (2011). Use of dispersants to treat oil spills. Available: https://www.itopf.org/knowledge-resources/documents-guides/document/tip-04-use-of-dispersants-to-treat-oil-spills/. Last accessed 2 Mar 2019.

International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF). (2012). Use of sorbent materials in oil spill response. Available: https://www.itopf.org/knowledge-resources/documents-guides/document/tip-08-use-of-sorbent-materials-in-oil-spill-response/. Last accessed 29 Jan 2019.

Kingston, P. F. (2002) Long-term environmental impact of oil spills. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, 7(1–2), 53–61. ISSN 1353-2561, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00051-8.CrossRef

LAMOR. (2015). Arctic solutions. Available: http://www.lamor.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/lamor_arctic_solutions.pdf. Last accessed 30th Oct 2019.

Lampela, K. (2011). Report on the state of the art oil spill response in ice. Available: http://www.environment.fi/download/noname/%7BA7D0124E-7054-4F52-AFF5-6BA1B51ACAA3%7D/59270. Last accessed 18 Jan 2017.

Lewis, A., & Daling, P. S. (2007) Evaluation of dispersant spray systems and platforms for use on spilled oil in seas with ice present (JIP Project 4, Act. 4.21). SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Marine Environmental Technology, SINTEF report A 16088, 21 p.

Li, P., Cai, Q., Lin, W., Chen, B., & Zhang, B. (2016, September 15). Offshore oil spill response practices and emerging challenges. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 110(1), 6–27. ISSN 0025-326X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.020.CrossRef

Liu, H., Geng, D., Chen, Y., & Wang, H. (2016). Review on the aerogel-type oil sorbents derived from nanocellulose. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02301.CrossRef

Logan, J. W., Thornton, D., & Ross, L. S. (1975). Oil spill countermeasures for the southern Beaufort Sea: Appendix. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280925729_Oil_Spill_Countermeasures_for_the_Southern_Beaufort_Sea_Appendix. Last accessed 1 Mar 2019.

Mahfoudhi, N., & Boufi, S. (2017). Cellulose. 24, 1171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1194-0.CrossRef

Makhutov, N. A., Lebedev, M. P., Bolshakov, A. M., Zakharova, M. I., Glyaznetsova, Yu. S., Zueva, I. N., Chalaya, O. N., Lifshits, S. H. (2016). Forecast of emergencies at oil and gas facilities and elimination of consequences of emergency oil spills in arctic climate. Available: http://arcticaac.ru/docs/4%2824%29_2016_Arctic/090_099_ARCTICA%204%2824%29_2016.pdf. Last accessed 17th Feb 2017.

McLeod, W., & McLeod, D. (1972). Measures to combat offshore Artie oil spills. Offshore Technology Conference

Michel, J., Scholz, D., Warren, S. R. Jr., & Walker, A. H. (2005). In situ burning: A decision’s maker’s guide. Available: https://www.api.org/oil-and-natural-gas/environment/clean-water/oil-spill-prevention-and-response/~/media/4BDBD6AABD534BF1B88EB203C6D8B8F4.ashx. Last accessed 19 Oct 2018.

New World Encyclopedia (NWE). (2017). Freshwater. Available: http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Freshwater. Last accessed 6 Nov 2018.

Nordvik, A. B. (1995, March). The technology windows-of-opportunity for marine oil spill response as related to oil weathering and operations. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, 2(1), 17–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/1353-2561(95)00013-T.CrossRef

Økland, J. K. (2000). Recovery of oil spills in marine Arctic regions. Available: http://www.fargisinfo.com/referanser/LinkedDocuments/D036.pdf. Last accessed 19 Feb 2019.

Øksenvåg, J. H. C., McFarlin, K., Netzer, R., Brakstad, O. G., Hansen, B. H., & Størseth, T. (2018). Biodegradation of spilled fuel oil in Norwegian marine environments. Available: https://www.kystverket.no/globalassets/beredskap/akutt-forurensning/biodegradation-of-spilled-fuel-oils-in-norwegian-marine-environments_final.pdf. Last accessed 7 Feb 2019.

Parshentsev, S. A. (2006). Analysis of tight force of rope of helicopter external sling while deployment mobile slick bar system on water surface. Available: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/metod-rascheta-sily-natyazheniya-trosa-vneshney-podveski-vertoleta-pri-ustanovke-mobilnoy-sistemy-bonovyh-zagrazhdeniy-na-vodnoy. Last accessed 8 Feb 2017.

POLARIS Applied Sciences, Inc. (2013). A comparison of the properties of diluted bitumen crudes with other oils. Available: https://crrc.unh.edu/sites/default/files/media/docs/comparison_bitumen_other_oils_polaris_2014.pdf. Last accessed 23 Oct 2018.

Potter, S., Buist, I., Trudel, K., Dickins, D., & Owens, E. (2012). Spill response in the Arctic offshore. Prepared for the American petroleum institute and the joint industry Programme on oil spill recovery in ice. Available: http://www.dfdickins.com/pdf/Spill-Response-in-the-Arctic-Offshore.pdf. Last accessed 17 Feb 2017.

Prince, R. C. (2015). Oil spill dispersants: Boon or bane? Available: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b00961. Last accessed 16 Feb 2017.

Ramazanov, D. C. (2015). Оценка эффективности боновых заграждений для ликвидации аварийных разливов нефти при пересечении магистральным трубопроводом водных преград (Evaluation of boom effectiveness for oil spill response in water-crossing sections of oil pipelines). Available: http://www.lib.tpu.ru/fulltext/c/2015/C11/V2/327.pdf. Last accessed 9 Feb 2017.

Ramboll Barents. (2010). Improvement of the emergency oil spill response system under the Arctic conditions for protection of sensitive coastal areas (case study: The Barents and the white seas). Pilot project (Vol. I). Murmansk, Russia.

Rytkönen, J., & Sassi, J. (2015). Novel materials for sustainable oil spill response. Available: https://tapahtumat.tekes.fi/uploads/f29c2613/Jukka_Sassi-8624.pdf. Last accessed 16th Dec 2016.

Singsaas, I., & Lewis, A. (2011). Behavior of oil and other hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) spilled in Arctic waters (BoHaSA). Available: http://www.arctic-council.org/eppr/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Final-Report-BoHaSA_23-02-20111.pdf. Last accessed 2 Jan 2016.

Singsaas, I., Leirvik, F., Johansen, B. (2008). Oil in Ice - JIP. Available: https://www.sintef.no/globalassets/project/jip_oil_in_ice/dokumenter/publications/jip-rep-no-8-report-lamor-task-3.1-final_2010.pdf. Last accessed 18th Jan 2017.

Singsaas, I., Sörheim K.R., Daae R.L., Johansen, B., Solsberg, L. (2010). Oil in Ice - JIP. Available: https://www.sintef.no/globalassets/project/jip_oil_in_ice/dokumenter/publications/jip-rep-no-21-field-report-2009-mechanical-final_2010.pdf. Last accessed 18th Jan 2017.

SL Ross Environmental Research (SL Ross). (2010). Literature review of chemical oil spill dispersants and herders in fresh and brackish waters. Prepared for the US Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Herndon, VA, USA. 60 pp.

Slaughter, A. G., Coelho, G. M., & Staves, J. (2017). Spill impact mitigation assessment in support of BP Canada Energy Group ULC. Available: https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp-country/en_ca/canada/documents/NS_Drilling_Pgm/Scotian%20Basin%20Exploration%20Project%20SIMA-NEBA%20-%20Final%20(17NOV17).pdf. Last accessed 19 Feb 2019.

Spill Tactics for Alaska Responders (STAR). (2014a). Mechanical recovery – Containment and recovery. Marine recovery Available: http://dec.alaska.gov/spar/ppr/star/final/20_B_III_B_MarineRecovery.pdf. Last accessed 16 Dec 2016.

Spill Tactics for Alaska Responders (STAR). (2014b). Mechanical recovery – Containment and recovery. Basic booming tactics. Available: http://dec.alaska.gov/spar/ppr/star/final/12_SectionB_III_B_BasicBoomTactics.pdf. Last accessed 16 Dec 2016.

Strøm-Kristiansen, T., Daling, P. S., Brandvik, P. J., & Jensen, H. (1996). Mechanical recovery of chemically treated oil slicks. In Proceedings of 19th Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar, AMOP, Environment Canada, June 12–14.96, Calgary, 15p.

Vadla, R., Sörheim, K. R. (2013). Oseberg Öst crude oil – properties and behavior at sea. SINTEF report. Available: https://www.sintef.no/en/publications/publication/?pubid=CRIStin+1268744. Last accessed 21 Oct 2019.

Vergeynst, L., Wegeberg, S., Aamand, J., Lassen, P., Gosewinkel, U., Fritt-Rasmussen, J., Gustavson, K., & Mosbech, A. (2018). Biodegradation of marine oil spills in the Arctic with a Greenland perspective. Science of the Total Environment, 626, 1243–1258. ISSN 0048-9697, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.173.CrossRef

Vorobiev, U. L., Akimov, V. A., Sokolov, U. I. (2005). Предупреждение и ликвидация аварийных разливов нефти и нефтепродуктов (Oil and oil products spill prevention and response) (p. 368). Moscow: In-oktavo.

Walton, W. D., & Jason, N. H. (1999). In-situ burning of oil spills: Workshop proceedings. Available: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GOVPUB-C13-7eec9bd700f4bfccb27367ce806094e0/pdf/GOVPUB-C13-7eec9bd700f4bfccb27367ce806094e0.pdf. Last accessed 19 Oct 2018.

Wegeberg, S., Fritt-Rasmussen, J., & Boertmann, D. (2017). Oil spill response in Greenland: Net Environmental Benefit Analysis, NEBA, and Environmental monitoring. Available: https://dce2.au.dk/pub/SR221.pdf. Last accessed 19 Feb 2019.

Wenning, R. J., Robinson, H., Bock, M., Rempel-Hester, M. A., & Gardiner, W. (2018). Current practices and knowledge supporting oil spill risk assessment in the Arctic. Marine Environmental Research, 141, 289–304. ISSN 0141-1136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.09.006.CrossRef

Wilkinson, J., Beegle-Krause, C. J., Evers, K.-U., Hughes, N., Lewis, A., Reed, M., & Wadhams, P. (2017). Oil spill response capabilities and technologies for ice-covered Arctic marine waters: A review of recent developments and established practices. Available: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/518179/1/Wilkinson.pdf. Last accessed 19 Feb 2019.

World Wildlife Fund (WWF). (2011). Lessons not learned. 20 years after the Exxon Valdez disaster. Available: https://wwf.fi/mediabank/983.pdf. Last accessed 23 Mar 2019.

Titel: Arctic Marine Oil Spill Response Methods: Environmental Challenges and Technological Limitations
verfasst von: Victor Pavlov
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Arctic Marine Sustainability
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-28403-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-28404-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28404-6_11

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"