nach oben

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance

Erschienen in:

18.04.2023 | Technical Article

Comparative Study on the Weld Formation and Pore Distribution Characteristics, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu Aluminum Alloy Cold Metal Transfer Mix Synchro-Pulse Welded Joints

verfasst von: Xiaming Chen, Xiaonan Wang, Zhenguang Liu, Qipeng Dong, Pengcheng Huan, Luanluan Jia, Hiromi Nagaumi

Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance | Ausgabe 4/2024

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The cold metal transfer mix synchro-pulse (CMT + SP) processes consist of the low-frequency pulse (LFP), high-frequency pulse (HFP), and CMT stages. Compared to the pulse stage (f_P = 70 Hz) of the traditional CMT plus pulse (CMT + P) process, the high pulsed frequency (f_H = 80 Hz) of the HPF stages increased by 14.0%, increasing the arc force and the impact of droplets on the surface of the molten pool, enlarging the molten pool, and promoting the escape of bubbles. For the same heat input, using the CMT + SP produced a full penetration weld seam and decreased the number density and porosity of micropores to 0.6 pieces/mm² and 0.1%, respectively. Due to the lack of unfused zone and low porosity, the average tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the CMT + SP welded joints increased to 240, 173 MPa and 4.0%, respectively.

Vorheriger Artikel An Original Machine Learning-Based Approach for the Online Monitoring of Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding: Weld Diagnostic and Tool State Prognostic

Nächster Artikel Development of High Strength Fire-Resistant Earthquake Steel

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

S.K. Panigrahi and R. Jayaganthan, A Study on the Mechanical Properties of Cryorolled Al-Mg-Si Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2008, 480(1–2), p 299–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.07.024CrossRef

F.L. Zeng, Z.L. Wei, J.F. Li, C.X. Li, X. Tan, Z. Zhang, and Z.Q. Zheng, Corrosion Mechanism Associated with Mg₂Si and Si Particles in Al-Mg-Si Alloys, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2011, 21(12), p 2559–2567. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61092-3CrossRef

Q.J. Zheng, H.X. Jiang, J. He, J.L. Zhang, and J.Z. Zhao, Effect of Micro-Alloying La on Precipitation Behavior, Mechanical Properties and Electrical Conductivity of Al-Mg-Si Alloys, Sci. China Technol. Sci., 2021, 64(9), p 2012–2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-021-1863-5ADSCrossRef

F. Lu, J.K. Sunde, C.D. Marioara, R. Holmestad, and B. Homiedal, An Improved Modelling Framework for Strength and Work Hardening of Precipitate Strengthened Al-Mg-Si Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2022, 832, p 142500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.142500CrossRef

H. Granum, O.R. Myhr, T. Borvik, and O.S. Hopperstad, Effect of Pre-Stretching on the Mechanical Behaviour of three Artificially Aged 6xxx series Aluminium Alloys, Mater. Today Commun., 2021, 27, p 102408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102408CrossRef

M.W. Zandbergen, A. Cerezo, and G.D.W. Smith, Study of Precipitation in Al-Mg-Si Alloys by Atom Probe Tomography II. Influence of Cu Additions, Acta Mater., 2015, 101, p 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.08.018ADSCrossRef

L.D. Ding, Z.H. Jia, Z.Q. Zhang, R.E. Sanders, and G. Yang, The Natural Aging and Precipitation Hardening Behaviour of Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloys with Different Mg/Si Ratios and Cu Additions, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2015, 627, p 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.12.086CrossRef

Y. Han, K. Ma, L. Li, W. Chen, and H. Nagaumi, Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy with High Manganese Content, Mater. Des., 2012, 39, p 418–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.01.034CrossRef

X. He, Q.L. Pan, H. Li, Z.Q. Huang, S.H. Liu, K. Li, and X.Y. Li, Effect of Artificial Aging, Delayed Aging, and Pre-Aging on Microstructure and Properties of 6082 Aluminum Alloy, Metals, 2019, 9(2), p 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9020173CrossRef

10.

L. Chen, S.W. Yuan, D.M. Kong, G.Q. Zhao, Y.Y. He, and G.S. Zhang, Influence of Aging Treatment on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Anisotropy of Hot Extruded Al-Mg-Si Plate, Mater. Des., 2019, 182, p 107999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107999CrossRef

11.

W.K. Zhang, H. He, C.C. Xu, W.Y. Yu, and L.X. Li, Precipitates Dissolution, Phase Transformation, and Re-Precipitation-Induced Hardness Variation in 6082-T6 Alloy During MIG Welding and Subsequent Baking, JOM, 2019, 71(8), p 2711–2720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03375-1CrossRef

12.

A. Hadadzadeh, M.M. Ghaznavi, and A.H. Kokabi, The Effect of Gas Tungsten arc Welding and Pulsed-Gas Tungsten arc Welding Processes’ Parameters on the Heat Affected Zone-Softening Behavior of Strain-Hardened Al-6.7 Mg Alloy, Mater. Des., 2014, 55, p 335–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.09.061CrossRef

13.

A. Kumar and S. Sundarrajan, Effect of Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties and Optimization of Pulsed TIG Welding of Al-Mg-Si Alloy, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2009, 42(1), p 118–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-008-1572-8CrossRef

14.

R. Braun, C.D. Donne, and G. Staniekt, Laser Beam Welding and Friction Stir Welding of 6013-T6 Aluminium Alloy Sheet, Mater. Sci. Eng. Technol., 2000, 31(12), p 1017–1026. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4052(200012)31:12%3c1017::AID-MAWE1017%3e3.0.CO;2-PCrossRef

15.

A. Schierl, The CMT Process a Revolution in Welding Technology, Weld. World Lond., 2005, 49(I), p 38.

16.

K. Furukawa, New CMT arc Welding Process–Welding of Steel to Aluminium Dissimilar Metals and Welding of Super-Thin Aluminium Sheets, Weld. Int., 2006, 20(6), p 440–445. https://doi.org/10.1533/wint.2006.3598CrossRef

17.

C.G. Pickin and K. Young, Evaluation of Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Process for Welding Aluminium Alloy, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2006, 11(5), p 583–585. https://doi.org/10.1179/174329306X120886CrossRef

18.

J. Pang, S.S. Hu, J.Q. Shen, P. Wang, and Y. Liang, Arc Characteristics and Metal Transfer Behavior of CMT+ P Welding Process, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2016, 238, p 212–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.07.033CrossRef

19.

B.Q. Cong, R.J. Ouyang, B.J. Qi, and J.L. Ding, Influence of Cold Metal Transfer Process and its Heat Input on Weld Bead Geometry and Porosity of Aluminum-Copper Alloy Welds, Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 2016, 45(3), p 606–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5372(16)30080-7CrossRef

20.

P.C. Huan, X.N. Wang, J. Zhang, Z.R. Hu, and H.S. Di, Effect of Wire Composition on Microstructure and Properties of 6063 Aluminium Alloy Hybrid Synchronous Pulse CMT Welded Joints, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2020, 790, p 139713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139713CrossRef

21.

C. Zhang, M. Gao, D.Z. Wang, J. Yin, and X.Y. Zeng, Relationship Between Pool Characteristic and Weld Porosity in Laser arc Hybrid Welding of AA6082 Aluminum Alloy, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2017, 240, p 217–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.10.001CrossRef

22.

C. Zhang, Y.F. Li, M. Gao, and X.Y. Zeng, Wire arc Additive Manufacturing of Al-6Mg Alloy Using Variable Polarity Cold Metal Transfer arc as Power Source, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2018, 711, p 415–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.11.084CrossRef

23.

M.X. Yang, Y. Zhou, and B.J. Qi, Study on Surface Depression of Ti-6Al-4V with Ultra High Frequency Pulsed GTAW, Metall. Mater. Trans. B Process. Metall. Mater. Process. Sci., 2015, 46(4), p 1935–1941. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0381-3CrossRef

24.

S.L. Rokhlin and A.C. Guu, A Study of arc Force, Pool Depression, and Weld Penetration during Gas Tungsten arc Welding, Weld. J. (USA), 1993, 72(8), p 381. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-716X(93)90525-WCrossRef

25.

M.X. Yang, L. Li, B.J. Qi, and H. Zheng, Arc Force and Shapes with High-Frequency Pulsed-arc Welding, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2017, 22(7), p 580–586. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2016.1277625CrossRef

26.

F. Fetzer, M. Sommer, R. Weber, J.P. Weberpals, and T. Graf, Reduction of Pores by Means of Laser Beam Oscillation during Remote Welding of AlMgSi, Opt. Lasers Eng., 2018, 108, p 68–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2018.04.012CrossRef

27.

L. Zhao, T. Sugino, G. Arakane, and S. Tsukamoto, Influence of Welding Parameters on Distribution of Wire Feeding Elements in CO₂ Laser GMA Hybrid Welding, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2009, 14(5), p 457–467. https://doi.org/10.1179/136217109X434252CrossRef

28.

Y.P. Wang, B.Q. Cong, B.J. Qi, X. Chen, Y.H. Yin, and S.B. Lin, Influence of Low-Pulsed Frequency on arc Profile and Weld Formation Characteristics in Double-Pulsed VPTIG Welding of Aluminium Alloys, J. Manuf. Process., 2020, 58, p 1211–1220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.09.025CrossRef

29.

K.Y. Wu, N. Ding, T. Yin, M. Zeng, and Z.Y. Liang, Effects of Single and Double Pulses on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Weld Joints During High-Power Double-Wire GMAW, J. Manuf. Process., 2018, 35, p 728–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.08.025CrossRef

30.

Z.P. Que and C.L. Mendis, Heterogeneous Nucleation and Phase Transformation of Fe-rich Intermetallic Compounds in Al-Mg-Si Alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 2020, 836, p 155515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155515CrossRef

31.

S.X. Ji, W.C. Yang, F. Gao, D. Watson, and Z.Y. Fan, Effect of Iron on the Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Al-Mg-Si-Mn and Al-Mg-Si Diecast Alloys[J], Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 564, p 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.11.095CrossRef

32.

X. Wang, S. Esmaeili, and D.J. Lloyd, The Sequence of Precipitation in the Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy AA6111, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2006, 37(9), p 2691–2699. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02586103CrossRef

33.

S.H. Yan, B.B. Xing, H.Y. Zhou, Y. Xiao, Q.H. Qin, and H. Chen, Effect of Filling Materials on the Microstructure and Properties of Hybrid Laser Welded Al-Mg-Si Alloys Joints, Mater. Charact., 2018, 144, p 205–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2018.07.018CrossRef

34.

X.X. Zhang, B. Liu, X.R. Zhou, J.J. Wang, T. Hashimoto, C. Lou, Z.H. Sun, Z.H. Tang, and F. Lu, Laser Welding Introduced Segregation and its Influence on the Corrosion Behaviour of Al-Cu-Li Alloy, Corros. Sci., 2018, 135, p 177–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2018.02.044CrossRef

35.

N.S. Bailey, K.M. Hong, and Y.C. Shin, Comparative Assessment of Dendrite Growth and Microstructure Predictions during Laser Welding of Al 6061 via 2D and 3D Phase Field Models, Comput. Mater. Sci., 2020, 172, p 109291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2019.109291CrossRef

36.

Y.Y. Weng, Z.H. Jia, L.P. Ding, Y.F. Pan, Y.Y. Liu, and Q. Liu, Effect of Ag and Cu Additions on Natural Aging and Precipitation Hardening Behavior in Al-Mg-Si Alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 695, p 2444–2452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.140CrossRef

37.

F.Z. Liu, J. Qin, Z. Li, C.B. Yu, X. Zhu, H. Nagaumi, and B. Zhang, Precipitation of Dispersoids in A-Mg-Si Alloys with Cu Addition, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2021, 14, p 3134–3139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.08.123CrossRef

38.

H. Liu, S. Yang, and C. Xie et al., Microstructure Characterization and Mechanism of Fatigue Crack Initiation Near Pores for 6005A CMT Welded Joint[J], Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2017, 707, p 22–29.CrossRef

39.

D. Su, J. Zhang, and B. Wang, The Microstructure and Weldability in Welded Joints for AA 5356 Aluminum Alloy After Adding Modified Trace Amounts of Sc and Zr, J. Manuf. Process., 2020, 57, p 488–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.07.017CrossRef

40.

S.B. Zhong, S. Han, J.Q. Chen, J.K. Ren, Z.X. Zhou, F. Wen, L. Qi, and R.G. Guan, Microstructure and Properties of 7075 Aluminum Alloy Welding Joint Using Different Filler Metals, Mater. Today Commun., 2022, 31, p 103260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103260CrossRef

41.

S.K. Wu, C. Wang, Z.X. Li, P. Wen, S. Zhang, Z.D. Mao, and X.H. Han, Effect of Nb Micro-Alloying on Microstructure and Properties of A7204-T4 Aluminum Alloy Joints with Fiber Laser-VPTIG Hybrid Welding, Weld. World, 2020, 64(9), p 1459–1469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-00923-1CrossRef

42.

R. Braun, Laser Beam Welding of Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy 6013 Sheet Using Silicon Rich Aluminium Filler Powders, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2005, 21(1), p 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1179/174328405X16225ADSCrossRef

43.

K.E. Knipling, D.C. Dunand, and D.N. Seidman, Criteria for Developing Castable, Creep-Resistant Aluminum-Based Alloys–A Review, Int. J. Mater. Res., 2006, 97(3), p 246–265. https://doi.org/10.3139/ijmr-2006-0042CrossRef

Titel: Comparative Study on the Weld Formation and Pore Distribution Characteristics, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu Aluminum Alloy Cold Metal Transfer Mix Synchro-Pulse Welded Joints
verfasst von: Xiaming Chen
Xiaonan Wang
Zhenguang Liu
Qipeng Dong
Pengcheng Huan
Luanluan Jia
Hiromi Nagaumi
Publikationsdatum: 18.04.2023
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance / Ausgabe 4/2024
Print ISSN: 1059-9495
Elektronische ISSN: 1544-1024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08104-z

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2024

Effect of Deposition Thickness on the Microstructure of Laser Solid Forming 34CrNiMo6 Steel

NiAl Coatings Produced by Magnetron Sputtering from Mosaic Targets

High-Temperature Sintering Behavior of Gd2O3-Yb2O3 Co-doped 8YSZ Ceramic for Thermal Barrier Coatings

Reaction Behaviors of Al-ZnO System Ignited by High-Temperature Al Melt

Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Ni-Al Coating Prepared by Plasma Transferred Arc Technology

Graphene Oxide/Metal Sulfide and Oxide Nanocomposite Electrodes for High Electrochemical Performance Supercapacitor Applications

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten