Introduction
-
What are the characteristics, (age, gender, educational level, occupational setting, digital competence and past experience with MOOCs) of those individuals who actively participate in MOOCs and are employed for wages or unemployed but looking for a job?
-
To what extent was past participation in MOOCs influenced by the occupational of the participants?
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To what extent was past participation in MOOCs influenced by the digital competence of participants?
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To what extent does the impact of digital competence on MOOC participation vary according to the occupational setting of the individual?
Theoretical framework
Method
Results
MOOCs | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Business intelligence | Hands-on ICT | Test anxiety | Blended learning | Entrepreneurship | ||
Gender (n = 951) | ||||||
Male | 160 | 39 | 115 | 15 | 71 | 400 |
Female | 100 | 104 | 280 | 16 | 51 | 551 |
Agea (n = 951) | ||||||
Male | 41.3 (9.1) | 44.6 (6.8) | 44.0 (9.2) | 50.8 (9.8) | 42.0 (8.6) | 42.9 (9) |
Female | 41.0 (9.4) | 42.6 (7.3) | 41.1 (10.1) | 48.1 (7.9) | 41.3 (10.2) | 41.6 (9.5) |
Education (n = 951) | ||||||
Without 2nd stage of tertiary education | ||||||
Male | 60 | 10 | 60 | 4 | 33 | 167 |
Female | 28 | 20 | 90 | 4 | 25 | 167 |
With 2nd stage of tertiary education | ||||||
Male | 100 | 29 | 55 | 11 | 38 | 233 |
Female | 72 | 84 | 190 | 12 | 26 | 384 |
Occupational setting (n = 815) | ||||||
Unemployed | ||||||
Male | 33 | 2 | 33 | 2 | 34 | 104 |
Female | 27 | 6 | 121 | 1 | 30 | 185 |
Worker without support to professional development | ||||||
Male | 63 | 16 | 54 | 1 | 21 | 155 |
Female | 46 | 39 | 108 | 5 | 13 | 211 |
Worker with support to professional development | ||||||
Male | 24 | 12 | 13 | 8 | 8 | 65 |
Female | 12 | 43 | 26 | 8 | 6 | 95 |
No. item | Item | 2-factor solution (N of valid observations = 741) | |
---|---|---|---|
Factor 1 | Factor 2 | ||
1 | …conduct an internet search using one or more keywords | 0.859 | |
2 | …judge the reliability of a website | 0.823 | |
3 | …reflect on my search process | 0.861 | |
4 | …participate in a discussion forum | 0.764 | |
5 | …participate in an online chat session | 0.903 | |
6 | …use social media to interact with fellow students | 0.881 |
MOOCs | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Business intelligence | Hands-on ICT | Test anxiety | Blended learning | Entrepreneurship | ||
Number MOOCs enrolled (all, n = 849)a
| ||||||
Male | 4.03 (6.2) | 2.6 (4.5) | 6.8 (7.7) | 4.9 (7.7) | 7 (8.9) | 5.3 (7.3) |
Female | 3.7 (3.99) | 2.0 (3.5) | 6 (6.0) | 3.1 (7.5) | 6.6 (6.9) | 4.8 (5.7) |
Number MOOCs enrolled (one or more MOOCs in the past, n = 687)a
| ||||||
Male | 5.4 (6.7) | 4.3 (5.1) | 7.5 (7.8) | 4.9 (7.7) | 7.6 (9.1) | 6.5 (7.6) |
Female | 4.7 (3.9) | 3.92 (4.1) | 6.6 (5.9) | 4.6 (8.9) | 7.5 (7.0) | 6.0 (5.8) |
Number MOOCs completed in the past (n = 687)a
| ||||||
Male | 4.7 (6.7) | 2.8 (4.2) | 5.6 (6.2) | 1.8 (3.03) | 5.8 (9.2) | 4.9 (6.9) |
Female | 4.0 (3.6) | 2.8 (3.7) | 4.6 (5.1) | 2.1 (6.08) | 5.7 (7.0) | 4.33 (5.1) |
Influence of occupational setting on MOOC participation
Influence of digital competence on MOOC participation
Impact of digital competence in different occupational settings
Impact of other variables
ALL | Without extremes (≤30) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | >0 | All | >0 | All | >0 | All | >0 | |
(b1) Age |
0.030*
|
0.048**
|
0.030
+
|
0.049**
| 0.018 |
0.038*
| 0.017 |
0.041**
|
(0.02) | (0.01) | (0.02) | (0.01) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.01) | |
(b2) Age2 | −0.000 | −0.001**
| −0.000 | −0.001**
| −0.000 | −0.000*
| −0.000 | −0.000*
|
(0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | |
(b3) Gender: woman | −0.156***
| −0.135***
| −0.159***
| −0.133***
| −0.088*
| −0.066
+
| −0.087*
| −0.058
+
|
(0.03) | (0.03) | (0.03) | (0.03) | (0.03) | (0.03) | (0.03) | (0.03) | |
(b4) Education (with Higher education) |
0.115*
| 0.055 |
0.134**
| 0.060 |
0.155**
|
0.090
+
|
0.170**
|
0.088
+
|
(0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | |
(b51) Employed without support (1) | −0.256***
| −0.187***
| −0.251***
| −0.182***
| −0.193***
| −0.126***
| −0.198***
| −0.129***
|
(0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | |
(b52) Employed with support (1) | −0.371***
| −0.143**
| −0.402***
| −0.149**
| −0.439***
| −0.198***
| −0.465***
| −0.211***
|
(0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.05) | |
(b7) Information skills |
0.099***
|
0.067***
|
0.063
+
|
0.060
+
|
0.069***
|
0.040*
| 0.010 | 0.008 |
(0.02) | (0.02) | (0.03) | (0.03) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.03) | (0.03) | |
(b52_7) Information*Employed without support (2) | 0.019 | 0.030 |
0.085*
|
0.094*
| ||||
(0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | |||||
(b51_7) Information*Employed with support (2) |
0.122*
| −0.071 | 0.063 | −0.114*
| ||||
(0.06) | (0.06) | (0.06) | (0.05) | |||||
(b6) Interaction skills |
0.116***
|
0.074***
|
0.177***
|
0.134***
|
0.092***
|
0.048**
|
0.123***
|
0.082**
|
(0.02) | (0.02) | (0.03) | (0.03) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.03) | (0.03) | |
(b52_6) Interaction*Employed without support (3) | −0.133***
| −0.117**
| −0.077*
| −0.065
+
| ||||
(0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | |||||
(b51_6) Interaction*Employed with support (3) | −0.004 | 0.024 | 0.054 | 0.090 | ||||
(0.06) | (0.06) | (0.06) | (0.07) | |||||
(b0) Constant |
1.048**
|
1.009**
|
1.052**
|
0.967**
|
1.092***
|
1.013**
|
1.099***
|
0.935**
|
(0.32) | (0.32) | (0.32) | (0.32) | (0.33) | (0.32) | (0.33) | (0.32) | |
n= | 741 | 589 | 741 | 589 | 735 | 583 | 735 | 583 |