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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Effects of Ozone on Japanese Trees

verfasst von : Makoto Watanabe, Yasutomo Hoshika, Takayoshi Koike, Takeshi Izuta

Erschienen in: Air Pollution Impacts on Plants in East Asia

Verlag: Springer Japan

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Abstract

The effects of ozone (O₃) on tree species in Japan have been studied since the 1970s. Based on the results from O₃ fumigation studies, current ambient levels of O₃ have negative impacts on the growth and physiological functions of Japanese forest tree species, although there is a big variation of O₃ sensitivity between species. Stomatal O₃ uptake is one of the key factors that can explain the differences in O₃ sensitivity between species, and modeling of this factor has been intensively studied during the past decade. Although O₃ generally induces stomatal closure, less efficient stomatal control, so-called stomatal sluggishness, is also induced by chronic exposure to O₃. These opposite phenomena result in complex responses of stomata to O₃. Detailed gas exchange analysis has revealed that O₃-induced reductions in the photosynthetic rate of Japanese forest tree species were mainly due to a biochemical limitation in chloroplasts, but not due to stomatal closure. Risk assessments of the O₃ impact on Japanese forest tree species, based on the results of experimental studies, national monitoring data of air pollutant concentrations, and vegetation surveys, indicate that the areas with high O₃-induced reduction in growth do not necessarily correspond to the areas with relatively high O₃ exposure. Free-air O₃ fumigation systems in Japan were developed in 2011. Studies with this novel technology have clarified differences in leaf O₃ sensitivities between canopy positions, and have estimated the effects of O₃ on whole-canopy carbon budgets. As future perspectives, not only we need clarification of the physiological mechanisms of O₃ impact, but we also need clarification of the effects of interactions between trees and other biotic factors such as diseases, herbivores, and symbiotic microbes.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Effects of Ozone on Japanese Agricultural Crops

Nächstes Kapitel Combined Effects of Ozone and Other Environmental Factors on Japanese Trees

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Titel: Effects of Ozone on Japanese Trees
verfasst von: Makoto Watanabe
Yasutomo Hoshika
Takayoshi Koike
Takeshi Izuta
Verlag: Springer Japan
Buch: Air Pollution Impacts on Plants in East Asia
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-56436-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-4-431-56438-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56438-6_5