nach oben

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance

Erschienen in:

17.05.2022 | Technical Article

Heat Treatment Behaviour of SLM-Built Titanium Matrix Composite: Microstructure and Tribological Performance

verfasst von: Pankaj Kumar Verma, Sameer Warghane, Unissa Nichul, Hitesh Mehtani, Pawan Kumar, Vijay Hiwarkar

Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance | Ausgabe 12/2022

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Selective laser melting (SLM) technique was used to fabricate in situ Ti-6Al-4V+TiB titanium matrix composite (TMC) samples by addition of sub-micron TiB₂ ceramic particles in Ti-6Al-4V powder. The TMC samples were further subjected to annealing treatment at 900 °C for 30 minutes in an inert atmosphere. The influence of annealing treatment on the microstructure development was characterized using optical microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The addition of TiB₂ (0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 wt.%) induces drastic changes in the morphology of the as-built TMC samples. After annealing, a complete phase transformation occurred in pure Ti-6Al-4V alloy to lamellar shaped alpha and globular beta phase. In TMC samples, the increase in the weight fraction of TiB₂ ceramic particles resulted in substantial grain refinement; however, grain coarsening was observed upon annealing treatment. Refinement in microstructure was associated with pinning effect of TiB whiskers. Coarsening of TiB whiskers also occurred with predominant increase in length as compared to width. Development in tribological performance was attributed to microstructure refinement.

Vorheriger Artikel Achieving an Optimal Balance of Strength and Elongation in AA 1050 Aluminum Alloy via Equal Channel Angular Pressing, Intermediate Annealing, and Post-Rolling

Nächster Artikel Increase in Mechanical Properties and Damping Capacity of a Cast Mn-Cu Damping Alloy Welded Joint by Pulsed Current TIG Welding

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

D. Banerjee and J.C. Williams, Perspectives on Titanium Science and Technology, Acta Mater., 2013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.043CrossRef

R.R. Boyer, An Overview on the Use of Titanium in the Aerospace Industry, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 1996 https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(96)10233-1CrossRef

I. Inagaki, T. Takechi, Y. Shirai, N. Ariyasu, Application and Features of Titanium for the Aerospace Industry. Nippon Steel Sumitomo Met. Tech. Rep. (2014).

A. Molinari, G. Straffelini, B. Tesi and T. Bacci, Dry Sliding Wear Mechanisms of the Ti6Al4V Alloy, Wear, 1997, 208, p 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(96)07454-6CrossRef

H. Dong, Tribological properties of titanium-based alloys, Surf. Eng. Light Alloy. Alum. Magnes. Titan. Alloy, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845699451.1.58CrossRef

O.M. Ivasishin, D.G. Savvakin, I.S. Bielov, V.S. Moxson, V.A. Duz, R. Davies, C. Lavender, BEPM Synthesis of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Using Hydrogenated Titanium, Euro PM 2005 Powder Metall. Congr. Exhib. 1, 115–120 (2005)

M.A. Xavior and J.P.A. Kumar, Machinability of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite - A Review, Procedia Eng., 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.264CrossRef

S.C. Tjong and Z.Y. Ma, Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics of In Situ Metal Matrix Composites, Mater. Sci. Eng. R Reports., 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-796X(00)00024-3CrossRef

S. Dadbakhsh, R. Mertens, L. Hao, J. Van Humbeeck and J.P. Kruth, Selective Laser Melting to Manufacture “In Situ” Metal Matrix Composites: A Review, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201801244CrossRef

10.

K.B. Panda and K.S. Ravi Chandran, Synthesis of Ductile Titanium-Titanium Boride (Ti-TiB) Composites with a Beta-Titanium Matrix: The Nature of TiB Formation and Composite Properties, Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0249-zCrossRef

11.

A.S. Patil, V.D. Hiwarkar, P.K. Verma and R.K. Khatirkar, Effect of TiB2 Addition on the Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated Through Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 777, p 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.10.308CrossRef

12.

P.K. Verma, S. Warghane, U. Nichul, P. Kumar, A. Dhole and V. Hiwarkar, Effect of Boron Addition on Microstructure, Hardness and Wear Performance of Ti-6Al-4 V Alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing, Mater. Charact., 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110848CrossRef

13.

C. Cai, C. Radoslaw, J. Zhang, Q. Yan, S. Wen, B. Song and Y. Shi, In-Situ Preparation and Formation of TiB/Ti-6Al-4V Nanocomposite Via Laser Additive Manufacturing: Microstructure Evolution and Tribological Behavior, Powder Technol., 2019, 342, p 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.09.088CrossRef

14.

M. Forming, Near Net Shape Manufacturing Processes, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10579-2

15.

Y. Huang, M.C. Leu, J. Mazumder and A. Donmez, Additive Manufacturing: Current State, Future Potential, Gaps and Needs, and Recommendations, J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., 2015, 137, 014001. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4028725CrossRef

16.

D. Herzog, V. Seyda, E. Wycisk and C. Emmelmann, Additive Manufacturing of Metals, Acta Mater., 2016, 117, p 371–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.019CrossRef

17.

S. Bremen, W. Meiners and A. Diatlov, Selective Laser Melting: A Manufacturing Technology for the Future?, Laser Tech. J., 2012, 9, p 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/latj.201290018CrossRef

18.

H. Attar, M. Bönisch, M. Calin, L.C. Zhang, S. Scudino and J. Eckert, Selective Laser Melting of In Situ Titanium-Titanium Boride Composites: Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, Acta Mater., 2014, 76, p 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.05.022CrossRef

19.

L. Parry, I.A. Ashcroft and R.D. Wildman, Understanding the Effect of Laser Scan Strategy on Residual Stress in Selective Laser Melting Through Thermo-Mechanical Simulation, Addit. Manuf., 2016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2016.05.014CrossRef

20.

L. Bertini, F. Bucchi, F. Frendo, M. Moda and B.D. Monelli, Residual Stress Prediction in Selective Laser Melting: A Critical Review of Simulation Strategies, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2019 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04091-5CrossRef

21.

Q. Peng, S. Dong, S. Yan, P. Men, B. Wang, An Overview of Defects in Laser Melting Deposition Forming Products and the Corresponding Controlling Methods. Cailiao Daobao/Materials Rev. (2018). https://doi.org/10.11896/j.issn.1005-023X.2018.15.019.

22.

J. Song, W. Wu, L. Zhang, B. He, L. Lu, X. Ni, Q. Long and G. Zhu, Role of Scanning Strategy on Residual Stress Distribution in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting, Optik (Stuttg)., 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.05.128CrossRef

23.

W. Xiong, L. Hao, Y. Li, D. Tang, Q. Cui, Z. Feng and C. Yan, Effect of Selective Laser Melting Parameters on Morphology, Microstructure, Densification and Mechanical Properties of Supersaturated Silver Alloy, Mater. Des., 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107697CrossRef

24.

R. Sharma and A. Kumar, Track-Scale Simulations of Selective Laser Melting to Investigate Development and Mitigation of Thermal Stresses, Lasers Manuf. Mater. Process., 2019 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40516-019-00103-0CrossRef

25.

A. Saboori, D. Gallo, S. Biamino, P. Fino and M. Lombardi, An Overview of Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Components by Directed Energy Deposition: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, Appl. Sci., 2017 https://doi.org/10.3390/app7090883CrossRef

26.

L. Thijs, F. Verhaeghe, T. Craeghs, J. Van Humbeeck and J.P. Kruth, A Study of the Microstructural Evolution During Selective Laser Melting of Ti-6Al-4V, Acta Mater., 2010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.02.004CrossRef

27.

J. Yang, H. Yu, J. Yin, M. Gao, Z. Wang and X. Zeng, Formation and Control of Martensite in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting, Mater. Des., 2016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.06.117CrossRef

28.

Y. Cui, K. Aoyagi, Y. Zhao, K. Yamanaka, Y. Hayasaka, Y. Koizumi, T. Fujieda and A. Chiba, Manufacturing of a Nanosized TiB Strengthened Ti-Based Alloy Via Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion, Addit. Manuf., 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101472CrossRef

29.

Y. Liu, Y. Yang and D. Wang, A Study on the Residual Stress During Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of Metallic Powder, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2016 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-8466-yCrossRef

30.

G. Vastola, G. Zhang, Q.X. Pei and Y.W. Zhang, Controlling of Residual Stress in Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V by Finite Element Modeling, Addit. Manuf., 2016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2016.05.010CrossRef

31.

P. Mercelis and J.P. Kruth, Residual Stresses in Selective Laser Sintering and Selective Laser Melting, Rapid Prototyp. J., 2006 https://doi.org/10.1108/13552540610707013CrossRef

32.

A.M. Khorasani, I. Gibson, M. Goldberg and G. Littlefair, On the Role of Different Annealing Heat Treatments on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted and Conventional Wrought Ti-6Al-4V, Rapid Prototyp. J., 2017 https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-02-2016-0022CrossRef

33.

B. Vrancken, L. Thijs, J.P. Kruth and J. Van Humbeeck, Heat Treatment of Ti6Al4V produced by Selective Laser Melting: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, J. Alloys Compd., 2012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.07.022CrossRef

34.

W.C. Oliver and G.M. Pharr, An Improved Technique for Determining Hardness and Elastic Modulus Using Load and Displacement Sensing Indentation Experiments, J. Mater. Res., 1992 https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.1564CrossRef

35.

M. Dao, N. Chollacoop, K.J. Van Vliet, T.A. Venkatesh and S. Suresh, Computational Modeling of the Forward and Reverse Problems in Instrumented Sharp Indentation, Acta Mater., 2001, 49, p 3899–3918. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00295-6CrossRef

36.

S. Roy, S. Suwas, S. Tamirisakandala, D.B. Miracle and R. Srinivasan, Development of Solidification Microstructure in Boron-Modified Alloy Ti–6Al–4V–0.1B, Acta Mater., 2011, 59, p 5494–5510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.05.023CrossRef

37.

O.O. Bilous, L.V. Artyukh, A.A. Bondar, T.Y. Velikanova, M.P. Burka, M.P. Brodnikovskyi, O.S. Fomichov, N.I. Tsyganenko and S.O. Firstov, Effect of Boron on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ti–6Al and Ti–6Al–4V, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2005, 402, p 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.05.011CrossRef

38.

R. Banerjee, P.C. Collins, A. Genç and H.L. Fraser, Direct Laser Deposition of In Situ Ti–6Al–4V–TiB Composites, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2003, 358, p 343–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00299-5CrossRef

39.

W.O. Soboyejo, R.J. Lederich and S.M.L. Sastry, Mechanical Behavior of Damage Tolerant TiB Whisker-Reinforced In Situ Titanium Matrix Composites, Acta Metall. Mater., 1994 https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(94)90199-6CrossRef

40.

M.J. Bermingham, S.D. McDonald, D.H. StJohn and M.S. Dargusch, Beryllium as a Grain Refiner in Titanium Alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 2009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.03.016CrossRef

41.

Z. Fan, Z.X. Guo and B. Cantor, The Kinetics and Mechanism of Interfacial Reaction in Sigma Fibre-Reinforced Ti MMCs, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(96)00105-4CrossRef

42.

M. Mrotzek and E. Nembach, Ostwald Ripening of Precipitates During Two Successive Heat Treatments Performed at Different Temperatures, Acta Mater., 2008, 56, p 150–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.09.024CrossRef

43.

V.P. Zhdanov, Ostwald Ripening on a Composite Support, Phys. A Stat. Mech. Its Appl., 2020, 547, 124431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2020.124431CrossRef

44.

P. Streitenberger and D. Zöllner, The Envelope of size Distributions in Ostwald Ripening and Grain Growth, Acta Mater., 2015, 88, p 334–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.01.035CrossRef

45.

H. Feng, Y. Zhou, D. Jia, Q. Meng and J. Rao, Growth Mechanism of In Situ TiB Whiskers in Spark Plasma Sintered TiB/Ti Metal Matrix Composites, Cryst. Growth Des., 2006, 6, p 1626–1630. https://doi.org/10.1021/cg050443kCrossRef

46.

Y.Z. Hailiang Li, D. Jia, Z. Yang, X. Liao, H. Jin and D. Cai, Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melted Ti–6Al–4V and TiB/Ti–6Al–4V Composite: A Comparative Study, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.140415CrossRef

47.

A. Baldan, Progress in Ostwald Ripening Theories and Their Applications to the γ′-Precipitates in Nickel-Base Superalloys Part II: Nickel-Base Superalloys, J. Mater. Sci., 2002, 37, p 2379–2405. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015408116016CrossRef

48.

C. Mateo-Mateo, C. Vázquez-Vázquez, M. Pérez-Lorenzo, V. Salgueiriño and M.A. Correa-Duarte, Ostwald Ripening of Platinum Nanoparticles Confined in a Carbon Nanotube/Silica-Templated Cylindrical Space, J. Nanomater., 2012 https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/404159CrossRef

49.

W.O. Soboyejo, R.J. Lederich and S.M.L. Sastry, Mechanical Behavior of Damage Tolerant TiB Whisker-Reinforced In Situ Titanium Matrix Composites, Acta Metall. Mater., 1994, 42, p 2579–2591. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(94)90199-6CrossRef

50.

T. Chen, S. Koyama and L. Yu, Improvement of Mechanical, Tribological, and Fricative Reduction Properties of Pure Titanium by Boriding, Appl. Sci., 2021 https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114862CrossRef

51.

S. Liu and Y.C. Shin, Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V Alloy: A Review, Mater. Des., 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.107552CrossRef

52.

R.A. Gaisin, V.M. Imayev, R.M. Imayev and E.R. Gaisina, Microstructure and Hot Deformation Behavior of Two-Phase Boron-Modified Titanium Alloy VT8, Phys. Met. Metallogr., 2013, 114, p 339–347. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X13040042CrossRef

53.

R.A. Gaisin, V.M. Imayev and R.M. Imayev, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Near-α-Titanium-Alloy/TiB Composite Prepared in situ by Casting and Subjected to Deformation and Heat Treatment, Phys. Met. Metallogr., 2018, 119, p 907–916. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X18090041CrossRef

54.

J. Tiley, T. Searles, E. Lee, S. Kar, R. Banerjee, J.C. Russ and H.L. Fraser, Quantification of Microstructural Features in α/β Titanium Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2004, 372, p 191–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MSEA.2003.12.008CrossRef

55.

Z.C. Cordero, B.E. Knight and C.A. Schuh, Six Decades of the Hall-Petch Effect – a Survey of Grain-Size Strengthening Studies on Pure Metals, Int. Mater. Rev., 2016 https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2016.1191808CrossRef

56.

B.K.C. Ganesh, N. Ramanaih and P.V. Chandrasekhar Rao, Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Implant Alloy Subjected to Various Surface Treatments, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 2012, 65, p 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-012-0147-4CrossRef

57.

T.M.T. Godfrey, P.S. Goodwin and C.M. Ward-Close, Titanium Particulate Metal Matrix Composites: Reinforcement, Production Methods, and Mechanical Properties, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1527-2648(200003)2:3%3c85::aid-adem85%3e3.0.co;2-uCrossRef

58.

W. Xiang, M. Xuliang, L. Xinlin, D. Lihua and W. Mingjia, Effect of Boron Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC/Ti6Al4V Composites, Mater. Des., 2012, 36, p 41–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.10.040CrossRef

59.

J. Yang, W. Gu, L.M. Pan, K. Song, X. Chen and T. Qiu, Friction and Wear Properties of In Situ (TiB2+TiC)/Ti3SiC2 Composites, Wear, 2011, 271, p 2940–2946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2011.06.017CrossRef

Titel: Heat Treatment Behaviour of SLM-Built Titanium Matrix Composite: Microstructure and Tribological Performance
verfasst von: Pankaj Kumar Verma
Sameer Warghane
Unissa Nichul
Hitesh Mehtani
Pawan Kumar
Vijay Hiwarkar
Publikationsdatum: 17.05.2022
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance / Ausgabe 12/2022
Print ISSN: 1059-9495
Elektronische ISSN: 1544-1024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-022-06981-4

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 12/2022

Effects of Heat Treatment on Direct Laser Fabricated Stainless Steel 420-Inconel 718 Alloy Multi-material Structures

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum: Graphene Composites Produced by Powder Metallurgical Method

Effect of Annealing Before Aging on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy

Microstructure and Properties of T6I4 Aged 700-MPa-Grade Aluminum Alloy

Hot Workability and Microstructural Evolution of Powder Metallurgy Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Mo Alloy during Hot Compression

The Effects of Heat Treatment on Tensile and Thermal Expansion Behavior of Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Invar36

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten