An interval fuzzy land-use allocation model (IFLAM) for Beijing in association with environmental and ecological consideration under uncertainty

In this study, an interval fuzzy land-use allocation method (IFLAM) is developed for the planning of urban land-use allocation system. The developed IFLAM method is based on interval parameter programming technique and fuzzy flexible programming, which could handle uncertainties expressed as interval values and fuzzy sets in the model’s left-and right-hand sides and objective function. A management problem for allocating land resources of Beijing, the capital of China, is studied to illustrate applicability of the proposed IFLAM approach. Results show that the optimized \(\lambda \) values (which means the satisfaction degree of all model constraints) are in the range of [0.67, 0.89], and the corresponding system benefit is between $ [534.03, 698.75] \(\times \) \(10^{12}\) and $ [961.37, 1028.33] \(\times ~10^{12}\) while the optimized urban land in the first studying period will be [71905, 77894] ha in the Function Central Zone, [35219, 39711] ha in the Function Extended Zone, [22012, 30547] ha in the New Urban Zone and [17609, 22910] ha in the Eco-Conservation Zone. Results indicate that reasonable solutions have been generated under various environmental, ecological and social conditions. They can help decision makers to identify desired alternatives for making the utmost of land resources of Beijing and for providing services for urban land management decisions; moreover, they are helpful for land managers to gain insight into the tradeoff between economic objective and eco-environment violation risk.