nach oben

Erschienen in:

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Labour Relations Law at a European Level and Professional Sport

verfasst von : Leanne O’Leary

Erschienen in: Employment and Labour Relations Law in the Premier League, NBA and International Rugby Union

Verlag: T.M.C. Asser Press

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Collective labour law in the United Kingdom is influenced to varying degrees by two European legal orders. Professional football players are collectively organized in the United Kingdom and developments in the European legal orders have the potential to affect the employment environment of players. This chapter discusses the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) case law in which the CJEU has endeavoured to reconcile the conflict between internal market law and collective labour rights under national law. It considers whether an exemption for collective agreements in the CJEU jurisprudence applies in the United Kingdom. It also examines the recognition of a right to strike in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Finally, the chapter canvasses the social dialogue process at a European level and the outcomes of social dialogue in the sports industry. So far, social dialogue has not affected the terms and conditions of Premier League players because of the high labour standards in the United Kingdom.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Free Movement of Athletes in the Sports Industry

Nächstes Kapitel Federal Labour Law in the USA and Professional Sport

Article 153(5) TFEU.

A copy of the Charter is available at [2010] OJ C 83/02.

See for example: the Council Directive (97/74/EC) and the European Works Council Directive (2009/38/EC) implemented in the United Kingdom through the Transnational Information and Consultation of Employees Regulations 1999 (SI 1999/3323) and the Transnational Information and Consultation of Employees (Amendment) Regulations 2010 (SI 2010/1088); Information and Consultation Directive (2002/14/EC) and The Information and Consultation of Employees Regulations 2004 (SI 3426/2004).

Human Rights Act (HRA) 1998, s 2.

HRA 1998, s 3.

In 2015 the Conservative Government announced its intention to repeal the HRA 1998 and replace it with a United Kingdom Bill of Rights. At the time of writing, a draft Bill of Rights had yet to be finalized.

See Sect. 7.3, infra.

C-438/05 International Transport Workers’ Federation & Anor v Viking Line ABP and Anor [2007] ECR I-10779.

C-67/96 Albany International BV v Stichting Bedrijfspensioenfonds Textielindustrie [1999] ECR I-5751.

Viking, supra n 9.

Supra n 10.

Albany, supra n 10, para 189, Advocate General Opinion.

Albany, supra n 10, paras 190–192, Advocate General Opinion.

See Sect. 7.3, infra.

Albany, supra n 10, para 54.

Ibid.

Albany, supra n 10, para 54.

Albany, supra n 10, para 55.

Albany, supra n 10, para 56.

Ibid.

Albany, supra n 10, para 59.

Albany, supra n 10, paras 62–63.

Albany, supra n 10, para 64.

See for example: C180/98 Pavlov v Stichting Pensioenfonds Medische Specialisten [2000] ECR I-64511, para 67; C-222/98 Van der Woude v Stichting Beatrixoord [2000] ECR I-7111, para 22; and Case C-413/13 FNV Kunsten Informatie en Media v Staat der Nederlanden [2015] 4 CMLR 1, paras 29–30.

Case C-413/13 [2015] 4 CMLR 1.

Ibid., para 27.

FNV, supra n 26, para 28.

FNV, supra n 26, para 29.

FNV, supra n 26, para 30.

FNV, supra n 26, para 42.

Ibid.

FNV, supra n 26, para 36.

FNV, supra n 26, para 42.

Case T-217/03 [2008] 5 CMLR 5.

Ibid., paras 97–98.

Case E-8/00 [2002] 5 CMLR 5.

Ibid., para 44.

Landsorganisasjonen I Norge, supra n 37, para 50.

Landsorganisasjonen I Norge, supra n 37, paras 52–53. See also Case E-14/15 Holship Norge AS v Norsk Transport Arbeiderforbund [2016] 4 CMLR 29 (EFTA Court).

Albany, supra n 10, para 60.

See generally Evju 2001.

Note also Advocate General Lenz’s comments that a collective wage agreement could be an alternative to the then existing transfer rules in football as a mechanism for achieving “financial and sporting equilibrium”: see C-415/93 Union Royale Belge des Sociétés de Football Association v Bosman [1995] 1 CMLR 645, para 226.

See O’Leary 2008.

See for example Case T-193/02 Piau v Commission [2005] ECR II-209, in which professional football clubs were held to be undertakings and a national football federation and FIFA were each considered an association of undertakings. See also Meca-Medina and Majcen v Commission of the European Communities [2006] 5 CMLR 18, in which the International Olympic Committee was held to fall within the definition of “undertaking” and the definition of “association of undertakings” and Case C-49/07 Motosykletistiki Omospondia Ellados NPID v Elliniko Dimosio [2008] 5 CMLR 11, in which the Greek Automobile and Touring Club of Greece was held to be an undertaking.

C519/04P [2006] 5 CMLR 18.

Ibid., para 42.

Case C-144/04 Mangold v Heim [2006] All ER (EC) 383, para 63; C-411/05 Palacious de la villa v Cortefiel Servicios SA [2007] IRLR 989, para 68.

See Sect. 1.5, supra.

For a discussion of the PFNCC’s role in the industry, see Sect. 8.2.1, infra.

Competition Act 1998, s 2.

Competition Act 1998, s 18(1).

Article 3(1)(b) TFEU.

Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty (The Modernization Regulation) [2003] OJ L 1/1, Article 3.

Competition Act 1998, s 60.

Whish and Bailey 2012, p. 75.

Competition Act 1998, s 3.

Competition Bill (Lords) Standing Committee G 5th Sitting Thursday 4 June 1998 (Morning), Mr. Nigel Griffiths Under-Secretary of State for Trade and Industry.

See Case C-7/97 Oscar Bronner GmbH & Co KG v Mediaprint Zeitungs-und Zeitschriftenverlag GmbH & CO KG and Others [1999] 4 CMLR 112, para 20.

Case C-438/05 [2008] All ER (EC) 127.

Case C-341/05 [2008] All ER (EC) 166.

Viking, supra n 60.

Viking, supra n 60, para 44.

Viking, supra n 60, para 75.

Viking, supra n 60, para 89.

Laval, supra n 61. See also Case C-346/06 Ruffert v Land Niedersachsen [2008] 2 CMLR 39.

See for example: C-112/00 Eugen Schmidberger Internationale Transporte Planzuge v Austria [2003] ECR I-5659 and C-36/02 Omega Spielhallen- und Automatenaufstellungs GmbH v Bundesstadt Bonn [2004] ECR I-9609.

Laval, supra n 61, para 101.

Laval, supra n 61, paras 103–105.

Laval, supra n 61, para 108.

See Davies 2008, Barnard 2012 and Freedland and Prassl 2014.

Davies 2008, pp. 142–143.

For a detailed discussion, see Bogg 2014. See also Sect. 6.4, infra.

See Gernigon et al. 2000 and a summary of the principles in Giving Globalisation a Human Face 2012 International Labour Office, para 117.

Gernigon et al. 2000, p. 42.

Bogg 2014, p. 62.

See Apps 2009. See also Sect. 4.3.1.3, supra.

[2013] 2 CLC 65.

Ibid., para 39.

Bercusson 2009, p. 127.

European Commission Social Dialogue. http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=329&langId=en. Accessed 31 July 2016.

European Commission (2015) A New Start For Social Dialogue. http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=329&eventsId=1028&furtherEvents=yes. Accessed on 31 July 2016.

European Commission’s Communication Adapting and Promoting Social Dialogue at Community Level, COM (1998) 322, 20 May 1998 and European Commission Decision of 20 May 1998 on the establishment of Sectoral Dialogue Committees promoting the Dialogue between the social partners at European level (98/500/EC) [1998] OJ L 225/27. See also European Commission’s Communication Partnership for Change in an Enlarged Europe—Enhancing the Contribution of European Social Dialogue, COM (2004) 557, 12 August 2004; European Commission Decision on the establishment of Sectoral Dialogue Committees Promoting the Dialogue Between the Social Partners at European Level, 20 May 1998 COM (1998) 500. A joint request from the social partners is required to take part in dialogue at a European level.

Article 155 TFEU.

For a case which considered the democratic legitimacy of a social dialogue committee, see T-135/96 Union Européenne de l’Artisanat et des Petites et Moyennes Enterprises (UEAPME) v Council of the European Union [1998] ECR II-2335.

Bercusson 2009, p. 428.

See generally Bandasz 2014.

Bandasz 2014, p. 518.

See European Commission’s White Paper on Sport, COM (2007) 391, 11 July 2007, para 5.3 and European Commission’s Communication Developing the European Dimension in Sport, COM (2011) 12, 10 January 2011: “Social dialogue is a cornerstone of the European social model and gives employers, athletes and sport workers the opportunity to shape labour relations in the sport sector through an autonomous dialogue in the general EU legislative and institutional framework”—ibid., p. 12.

See The Rules of Procedure for the European Sectoral Social Dialogue Committee in the Professional Football Sector 1 July 2008 (ESSDCPF Rules).

See Addendum to the Rules of Procedure of the European Sectoral Social Dialogue Committee in the Professional Football Sector 27 October 2008.

ESSDCPF Rules.

ESSDCPF Rules, Article 9. The Professional Football Strategy Council is a forum established under UEFA’s statutes in which the same parties are represented, namely FIFPRO, ECA, EPFL and UEFA (excluding the Commission).

UEFA Statutes (Edition 2014), Article 35(3).

For a discussion regarding social dialogue in football, see Colucci and Geeraert 2012, Monte 2013 and Parrish 2011.

Agreement regarding the minimum requirements for standard player contracts in the professional football sector in the European Union and in the rest of the UEFA territory (19 April 2012).

See Minutes of the Working Group Meeting on the Implementation of the Autonomous Agreement Regarding the Minimum Requirements for Standard Player Contracts dated 17 December 2012. All documents of the Sectoral Social Dialogue Committee on Professional Football, including agenda, minutes, rules of procedure and agreements are available on the European Commission website: http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=480&intPageId=1848&langId=en.

Mandate (Terms of Reference) of Working Groups of the European Social Dialogue Committee in the Professional Football Sector (Work Programme 2014–2015).

100

For further discussion on the role of the Professional Football Negotiating Consultative Committee in the Premier League, see Sect. 8.2.1, infra.

101

Employment Rights Act 1996, s 1.

102

See Sect. 8.3, infra.

103

See McArdle 2014, Chap. 10 and Geeraert 2015.

104

See the Sectoral Social Dialogue Committee on Professional Football, Minutes of the Implementation of the Autonomous Agreement Working Group Meeting (3 February 2015).

105

See Parrish 2016.

106

For a copy of the joint statement, see the EASE website http://www.easesport.org/pdf/Joint%20Recommendation%20Contracts%209-12-2008.pdf. Accessed 31 July 2016.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

For a copy of the Guidelines on Health and Safety, see http://www.easesport.org/pdf/EASE%20Guidelines%20on%20working%20h.pdf. Accessed 31 July 2016.

111

See Sect. 11.4, infra.

HRA 1998, s 3.

HRA 1998, s 2.

(2009) 48 EHRR 54.

Enerji Yapi-Yol Sen v Turkey (2009) unreported, Application No 68959/01 the European Court of Human Rights.

116

(2015) 60 EHRR 10.

117

Ibid., paras 104–105.

118

ECHR, Article 11(2).

119

RMT, supra n 116, para 86.

120

RMT, supra n 116, para 87.

121

Ibid.

122

See Case C-438/05 International Transport Workers’ Federation v Viking Line ABP [2008] All ER (EC) 127 and Case C-341/05 Laval un Partneri Ltd v Svenska Byggnadsarbetareforbundet [2008] All ER (EC) 166.

123

Velyvyte 2015, p. 93.

124

Article 6(2) TEU.

125

See the CJEU Opinion on the accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights declares the European Union’s accession to the European Court of Human Rights incompatible with European law: Opinion 2/13 Accession to the European Convention on Human Rights 18 December 2014.

126

Novitz and Syrpis 2014, pp. 265–267.

127

See Sect. 7.3, infra.

Apps K (2009) Damages claims against trade unions after Viking and Laval. Eur Law Rev 34(1):141–154

Bandasz K (2014) A Framework Agreement in the Hairdressing Sector: The European social dialogue at a crossroads. Eur Rev Labour Res 20(4):505–520

Barnard C (2012) A proportionate response to proportionality in the field of collective action. Eur Law Rev 37:117–135

Bercusson B (2009) EU labour law, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRef

Bogg A (2014) Viking and Laval: The international labour law perspective. In: Freedland M, Prassl J (eds) Viking, Laval and beyond. Hart Publishing, Oxford, pp 41–74

Colucci M, Geeraert A (2012) Social dialogue in European professional football. Comp Labor Law Policy J 33(1):202–234

Davies ACL (2008) One step forward, two steps back? The Viking and Laval cases in the ECJ. Ind Law J 37(2):126–148CrossRef

Evju S (2001) Collective agreements and competition law: The Albany puzzle and Van der Woude. Int J Comp Labour Law Ind Relat 17(2):165–184CrossRef

Freedland M, Prassl J (2014) Viking, Laval and beyond. Hart Publishing, Oxford

Geeraert A (2015) The European sectoral social dialogue committee in professional football: power relations, legitimacy and control. Soccer Soc 16(1):98–115CrossRef

Gernigon B, Odero A, Guido H (2000) ILO principles concerning the right to strike. International Labour Office, Geneva

McArdle D (2014) Dispute resolution in sport: athletes, law and arbitration. Routledge, Abingdon

Monte G (2013) Toward an EU social dialogue in sport. In: Siekmann et al (eds) Social dialogue in professional sports: on some topics about European sports law. Shaker Verlag, Aachen, pp 41–54

Novitz T, Syrpis P (2014) Viking and Laval: The United Kingdom Report. In: Freedland M, Prassl J (eds) Viking, Laval and beyond. Hart Publishing, Oxford, pp 261–276

O’Leary L (2008) Price-fixing between horizontal competitors in the English Super League. Int Sports Law J 3(4):77–85

Parrish R (2011) Social dialogue in European professional football. Eur Law J 17(2):213–229CrossRef

Parrish R (2016) The European social dialogue: a new mode of Governance for European Football? In: Duval A, Van Rompuy B (eds) The legacy of Bosman: revisiting the relationship between EU law and sport. TMC Asser Press, The Hague, pp 187–210

Velyvyte V (2015) The right to strike in the European Union after accession to the European Convention on Human Rights: identifying conflict and achieving coherence. Human Rights Law Rev 15:73–100CrossRef

Whish R, Bailey D (2012) Competition law, 7th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Titel: Labour Relations Law at a European Level and Professional Sport
verfasst von: Leanne O’Leary
Verlag: T.M.C. Asser Press
Buch: Employment and Labour Relations Law in the Premier League, NBA and International Rugby Union
Print ISBN: 978-94-6265-158-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-6265-159-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-159-3_6

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Premium Partner