Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Colloid and Polymer Science 10/2016

01.10.2016 | Original Contribution

Polymer brush synthesis on surface modified carbon nanotubes via in situ emulsion polymerization

verfasst von: Miftah U. Khan, Kakarla Raghava Reddy, Theedanai Snguanwongchai, Enamul Haque, Vincent G. Gomes

Erschienen in: Colloid and Polymer Science | Ausgabe 10/2016

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In situ emulsion polymerization was employed for synthesizing carbon nanotube (CNT) composites in a colloidal system with poly(styrene) or PS to form nanostructured brush. CNTs were initially functionalized with oleic acid, followed by silanization with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane to impart cross-linking properties. Styrene monomers were efficiently grafted to surface modified CNT via emulsion polymerization with variable CNT concentrations. FTIR analyses of the functionalized CNT and PS/CNT composites confirmed the bond formation and effectiveness of the developed experimental method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the desired bonds and the composition of the composites. Structural properties of the composites characterized by TEM confirmed excellent deagglomeration and dispersion of CNTs in PS/CNT composite. Thermal characteristics from TGA and DSC data showed enhanced properties for the nanocomposites as a function of the CNT content. BET measurements indicated significant improvements in surface area and pore volume with enhancements in gas sorption for the polymer nanocomposites.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Ajayan PM, Linda SS, Braun PV (2003) Nanocomposite science and technology. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim, pp. 31–35CrossRef Ajayan PM, Linda SS, Braun PV (2003) Nanocomposite science and technology. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim, pp. 31–35CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Azzaroni O (2012) Polymer brushes here, there, and everywhere: recent advances in their practical applications and emerging opportunities in multiple research fields. J Polym Sci A 50:3225–3258CrossRef Azzaroni O (2012) Polymer brushes here, there, and everywhere: recent advances in their practical applications and emerging opportunities in multiple research fields. J Polym Sci A 50:3225–3258CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Rastogi A, Paik MY, Tanaka M, Ober CK (2010) Direct patterning of intrinsically e-beam sensitive polymer brushes. ACS Nano 4:771–780CrossRef Rastogi A, Paik MY, Tanaka M, Ober CK (2010) Direct patterning of intrinsically e-beam sensitive polymer brushes. ACS Nano 4:771–780CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Barbey R, Klok HA (2010) Room temperature, aqueous post-polymerization modification of glycidyl methacrylate-containing polymer brushes prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Langmuir 26:18219–18230CrossRef Barbey R, Klok HA (2010) Room temperature, aqueous post-polymerization modification of glycidyl methacrylate-containing polymer brushes prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Langmuir 26:18219–18230CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Ayres N (2010) Polymer brushes: applications in biomaterials and nanotechnology. Polym Chem 6:769–777CrossRef Ayres N (2010) Polymer brushes: applications in biomaterials and nanotechnology. Polym Chem 6:769–777CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Yameen B, Farrukh A (2013) Polymer brushes: promises and challenges. Chem Asian J 8:1736–1753CrossRef Yameen B, Farrukh A (2013) Polymer brushes: promises and challenges. Chem Asian J 8:1736–1753CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Jeon NL, Choi IS, Kim NY, Harada Y, Finnie KR, Girolami GS, Nuzzo RG, Laibinis PE, Whitesides GM (1999) The patterned polymer can be used as an etch resist to transfer the pattern into a Si substrate. Appl Phys Lett 75:4201–4203CrossRef Jeon NL, Choi IS, Kim NY, Harada Y, Finnie KR, Girolami GS, Nuzzo RG, Laibinis PE, Whitesides GM (1999) The patterned polymer can be used as an etch resist to transfer the pattern into a Si substrate. Appl Phys Lett 75:4201–4203CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Husseman M, Malmstreom EE, McNamara M, Mate M, Mecerreyes D, Benoit DG, Hedrick JL, Mansky P, Huang E, Russell TP, Hawker CJ (1999) Controlled synthesis of polymer brushes by “living” free radical polymerization techniques. Macromolecules 32:1424–1431CrossRef Husseman M, Malmstreom EE, McNamara M, Mate M, Mecerreyes D, Benoit DG, Hedrick JL, Mansky P, Huang E, Russell TP, Hawker CJ (1999) Controlled synthesis of polymer brushes by “living” free radical polymerization techniques. Macromolecules 32:1424–1431CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Matyjaszewski K (2012) Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): current status and future perspectives. Macromolecules 45:4015–4039CrossRef Matyjaszewski K (2012) Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): current status and future perspectives. Macromolecules 45:4015–4039CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Ding S, Floyd JA, Walters KB (2009) Comparison of surface confined ATRP and SET-LRP syntheses for a series of amino (meth)acrylate polymer brushes on silicon substrates. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 47:6552–6560CrossRef Ding S, Floyd JA, Walters KB (2009) Comparison of surface confined ATRP and SET-LRP syntheses for a series of amino (meth)acrylate polymer brushes on silicon substrates. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 47:6552–6560CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Baum M, Brittain WJ (2002) Synthesis of polymer brushes on silicate substrates via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer technique. Macromolecules 35:610–615CrossRef Baum M, Brittain WJ (2002) Synthesis of polymer brushes on silicate substrates via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer technique. Macromolecules 35:610–615CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu Y, Zhao Y, Sun B, Chen C (2012) Understanding the toxicity of carbon nanotubes. Acc Chem Res 46:702–713CrossRef Liu Y, Zhao Y, Sun B, Chen C (2012) Understanding the toxicity of carbon nanotubes. Acc Chem Res 46:702–713CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Pangilinan KD, Santos CM, Estillore NC, Rodrigues DF, Advincula RC (2013) Temperature-responsiveness and antimicrobial properties of CNT–PNIPAM hybrid brush films. Macromol Chem Phys 214:464–469CrossRef Pangilinan KD, Santos CM, Estillore NC, Rodrigues DF, Advincula RC (2013) Temperature-responsiveness and antimicrobial properties of CNT–PNIPAM hybrid brush films. Macromol Chem Phys 214:464–469CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Ha JU, Kim M, Lee J, Choe S, Cheong IW, Shim SE (2006) A novel synthesis of polymer brush on multiwall carbon nanotubes bearing terminal monomeric unit. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 44:6394–6401CrossRef Ha JU, Kim M, Lee J, Choe S, Cheong IW, Shim SE (2006) A novel synthesis of polymer brush on multiwall carbon nanotubes bearing terminal monomeric unit. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 44:6394–6401CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu J, Xiao X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Sun P (2013) RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization of styrene using brush copolymer as surfactant macro-RAFT agent: effect of the brush copolymer sequence and chemical composition. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 51:1147–1161CrossRef Xu J, Xiao X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Sun P (2013) RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization of styrene using brush copolymer as surfactant macro-RAFT agent: effect of the brush copolymer sequence and chemical composition. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 51:1147–1161CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Bech L, Elzein T, Meylheuc T, Ponche A, Brogly M, Lepoittevin B, Roger P (2009) Atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene from different poly(ethylene terephthalate) surfaces: films, fibers and fabrics. Eur Polym J 45:246–255CrossRef Bech L, Elzein T, Meylheuc T, Ponche A, Brogly M, Lepoittevin B, Roger P (2009) Atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene from different poly(ethylene terephthalate) surfaces: films, fibers and fabrics. Eur Polym J 45:246–255CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Zou YQ, Kizhakkedathu JN, Brooks DE (2009) Surface modification of polyvinyl chloride sheets via growth of hydrophilic polymer. Macromolecules 42:3258–3268CrossRef Zou YQ, Kizhakkedathu JN, Brooks DE (2009) Surface modification of polyvinyl chloride sheets via growth of hydrophilic polymer. Macromolecules 42:3258–3268CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Gorman CB, Petrie RJ, Genzer J (2008) Effect of substrate geometry on polymer molecular weight and polydispersity during surface-initiated polymerization. Macromolecules 41:4856–4865CrossRef Gorman CB, Petrie RJ, Genzer J (2008) Effect of substrate geometry on polymer molecular weight and polydispersity during surface-initiated polymerization. Macromolecules 41:4856–4865CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Marutani E, Yamamoto S, Ninjbadgar T, Tsujii Y, Fukuda T, Takano M (2004) Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate on magnetite nanoparticles. Polymer 45:2231–2235CrossRef Marutani E, Yamamoto S, Ninjbadgar T, Tsujii Y, Fukuda T, Takano M (2004) Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate on magnetite nanoparticles. Polymer 45:2231–2235CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Fan XW, Lin LJ, Dalsin JL, Messersmith PB (2005) Biomimetic anchor for surface-initiated polymerization from metal substrates. J Am Chem Soc 127:15843–15847CrossRef Fan XW, Lin LJ, Dalsin JL, Messersmith PB (2005) Biomimetic anchor for surface-initiated polymerization from metal substrates. J Am Chem Soc 127:15843–15847CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang Q, Wang L, Xiang WD, Zhou JF, Tan QH (2007) Preparation of polymer-grafted carbon black nanoparticles by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 45:3451–3459CrossRef Yang Q, Wang L, Xiang WD, Zhou JF, Tan QH (2007) Preparation of polymer-grafted carbon black nanoparticles by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 45:3451–3459CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Thostenson E, Li C, Chou T (2005) Nanocomposites in context. Compos Sci Technol 65:491–516CrossRef Thostenson E, Li C, Chou T (2005) Nanocomposites in context. Compos Sci Technol 65:491–516CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaisman L, Wagner HD, Marom G (2006) The role of surfactants in dispersion of carbon nanotubes. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 128–130:37–46CrossRef Vaisman L, Wagner HD, Marom G (2006) The role of surfactants in dispersion of carbon nanotubes. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 128–130:37–46CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Kong H, Gao C, Yan D (2004) Functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by atom transfer radical polymerization and defunctionalization of the products. Macromolecules 37:4022–4030CrossRef Kong H, Gao C, Yan D (2004) Functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by atom transfer radical polymerization and defunctionalization of the products. Macromolecules 37:4022–4030CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Hilding J, Grulke EA, Zhang ZG, Lockwood FJ (2003) Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in liquids. J Dispers Sci Technol 24:1–41CrossRef Hilding J, Grulke EA, Zhang ZG, Lockwood FJ (2003) Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in liquids. J Dispers Sci Technol 24:1–41CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Khan MU, Gomes VG, Altarawneh IS (2010) Synthesizing polystyrene/carbon nanotube composites by emulsion polymerization with non-covalent and covalent functionalization. Carbon 48:2925–2933CrossRef Khan MU, Gomes VG, Altarawneh IS (2010) Synthesizing polystyrene/carbon nanotube composites by emulsion polymerization with non-covalent and covalent functionalization. Carbon 48:2925–2933CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Sunkara V, Park DK, Hwang H, Chantiwas R, Soper SA, Cho YK (2011) Simple room temperature bonding of thermoplastics and poly(dimethylsiloxane). Lab Chip 11:962–965CrossRef Sunkara V, Park DK, Hwang H, Chantiwas R, Soper SA, Cho YK (2011) Simple room temperature bonding of thermoplastics and poly(dimethylsiloxane). Lab Chip 11:962–965CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Germain J, Hradil J, Jean MJF, Svec F (2006) High surface area nanoporous polymers for reversible hydrogen storage. Chem Mater 18:4430–4435CrossRef Germain J, Hradil J, Jean MJF, Svec F (2006) High surface area nanoporous polymers for reversible hydrogen storage. Chem Mater 18:4430–4435CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Sun YP, Fu K, Lin Y, Huang W (2002) Functionalized carbon nanotubes: properties and applications. Acc Chem Res 35:1096–1104CrossRef Sun YP, Fu K, Lin Y, Huang W (2002) Functionalized carbon nanotubes: properties and applications. Acc Chem Res 35:1096–1104CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Min Z, Zhang X, He X, Chen L, Zhang Y (2010) A facile method to coat mesoporous silica layer on carbon nanotubes by anionic surfactant. Mater Lett 64:1383–1386CrossRef Min Z, Zhang X, He X, Chen L, Zhang Y (2010) A facile method to coat mesoporous silica layer on carbon nanotubes by anionic surfactant. Mater Lett 64:1383–1386CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Bulla DAP, Morimoto NI (1998) Deposition of thick TEOS PECVD silicon oxide layers for integrated optical waveguide applications. Thin Solid Films 334:60–64CrossRef Bulla DAP, Morimoto NI (1998) Deposition of thick TEOS PECVD silicon oxide layers for integrated optical waveguide applications. Thin Solid Films 334:60–64CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat McMurry J, John E (1992) Organic chemistry, 3rd edn. Wadsworth, Belmont ISBN 0-534-16218-5 McMurry J, John E (1992) Organic chemistry, 3rd edn. Wadsworth, Belmont ISBN 0-534-16218-5
33.
Zurück zum Zitat March J (1992) Advanced organic chemistry: reactions, mechanisms, and structure, 4th edn. Wiley, New York ISBN 0-471-60180-2 March J (1992) Advanced organic chemistry: reactions, mechanisms, and structure, 4th edn. Wiley, New York ISBN 0-471-60180-2
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Peng H, Alemany LB, Margrave JL, Khabashesku VN (2003) Sidewall carboxylic acid functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 125:15174–15182CrossRef Peng H, Alemany LB, Margrave JL, Khabashesku VN (2003) Sidewall carboxylic acid functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 125:15174–15182CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Bronstein LM, Huang X, Retrum J, Schmucker A, Pink M, Stein BD (2007) Influence of iron oleate complex structure on iron oxide nanoparticle formation. Chem Mater 19:3624–3632CrossRef Bronstein LM, Huang X, Retrum J, Schmucker A, Pink M, Stein BD (2007) Influence of iron oleate complex structure on iron oxide nanoparticle formation. Chem Mater 19:3624–3632CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Ding X, Zhao J, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wang Z (2004) Silica nanoparticles encapsulated by polystyrene via surface grafting and in situ emulsion polymerization. Mater Lett 58:3126–3130CrossRef Ding X, Zhao J, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wang Z (2004) Silica nanoparticles encapsulated by polystyrene via surface grafting and in situ emulsion polymerization. Mater Lett 58:3126–3130CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Lechevallier S, Hammer P, Caiut JA, Mazeres S, Mauricot R, Verelst M, Dexpert H, Sidney J, Ribeiro L (2012) Dexpert-Ghys APTES-modified RE2O3:Eu3+ luminescent beads: structure and properties. Langmuir 28:3962–3971CrossRef Lechevallier S, Hammer P, Caiut JA, Mazeres S, Mauricot R, Verelst M, Dexpert H, Sidney J, Ribeiro L (2012) Dexpert-Ghys APTES-modified RE2O3:Eu3+ luminescent beads: structure and properties. Langmuir 28:3962–3971CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Akiyama Y, Fujit S, Senboku H, Rayner CM, Brough SA, Arai M (2008) An in situ high pressure FTIR study on molecular interactions of ketones, esters, and amides with dense phase carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 46:197–205CrossRef Akiyama Y, Fujit S, Senboku H, Rayner CM, Brough SA, Arai M (2008) An in situ high pressure FTIR study on molecular interactions of ketones, esters, and amides with dense phase carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 46:197–205CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Briggs D, Seah MP (1990) Practical surface analysis, 2nd edn. Wiley, Chichester Briggs D, Seah MP (1990) Practical surface analysis, 2nd edn. Wiley, Chichester
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Beamson G, Briggs D (1992) High resolution XPS of organic polymer, the scienta ESCA300 database. Wiley, Chichester Beamson G, Briggs D (1992) High resolution XPS of organic polymer, the scienta ESCA300 database. Wiley, Chichester
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Emmanuel N, Lissouck O, René NNG, Hyppolite L, Christine P, Regis A, Louis-Max NM (2013) Green gluing of tropical wood part III: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of Frake and Ayous green wood’s glue line. AFM, France Emmanuel N, Lissouck O, René NNG, Hyppolite L, Christine P, Regis A, Louis-Max NM (2013) Green gluing of tropical wood part III: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of Frake and Ayous green wood’s glue line. AFM, France
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Truica-Marasescu F, Wertheimer MR (2008) Nitrogen-rich plasma-polymer films for biomedical application. Plasma Process Polym 5:44–57CrossRef Truica-Marasescu F, Wertheimer MR (2008) Nitrogen-rich plasma-polymer films for biomedical application. Plasma Process Polym 5:44–57CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Briggs D, Brewis DM, Dahm RH, Fletcher IW (2003) Analysis of the surface chemistry of oxidized polyethylene: comparison of XPS and ToF-SIMS. Surf Interface Anal 35:156–167CrossRef Briggs D, Brewis DM, Dahm RH, Fletcher IW (2003) Analysis of the surface chemistry of oxidized polyethylene: comparison of XPS and ToF-SIMS. Surf Interface Anal 35:156–167CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Gorham JM, Woodcock JW, Scott KC (2015) Challenges, Strategies and Opportunities for Measuring Carbon Nanotubes within a Polymer Composite by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. NIST Special Publication, 1200–10 Gorham JM, Woodcock JW, Scott KC (2015) Challenges, Strategies and Opportunities for Measuring Carbon Nanotubes within a Polymer Composite by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. NIST Special Publication, 1200–10
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Petersen EJ, Lam T, Gorham JM, Scott KC, Long CJ, Stanley D, Sharma R, Liddle JA, Pellegrin B, Nguyen T (2014) Methods to assess the impact of UV irradiation on the surface chemistry and structure of multiwall carbon nanotube epoxy nanocomposites. Carbon 69:194–205CrossRef Petersen EJ, Lam T, Gorham JM, Scott KC, Long CJ, Stanley D, Sharma R, Liddle JA, Pellegrin B, Nguyen T (2014) Methods to assess the impact of UV irradiation on the surface chemistry and structure of multiwall carbon nanotube epoxy nanocomposites. Carbon 69:194–205CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Advincula R, Brittain WJ, Caster KC, Ruhe J (2004) Polymer brushes: synthesis, characterization, applications. VCHWiley, WeinheimCrossRef Advincula R, Brittain WJ, Caster KC, Ruhe J (2004) Polymer brushes: synthesis, characterization, applications. VCHWiley, WeinheimCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Song PC, Liu CH, Fan SS (2006) Improving the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites by increasing the length efficiency of loading carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 88:153111–153113CrossRef Song PC, Liu CH, Fan SS (2006) Improving the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites by increasing the length efficiency of loading carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 88:153111–153113CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Farbod M, Mobini N (2014) Physical properties, thermal stability, and glass transition temperature of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polypyrrole nanocomposites. Compos Interfaces 21:737–747CrossRef Farbod M, Mobini N (2014) Physical properties, thermal stability, and glass transition temperature of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polypyrrole nanocomposites. Compos Interfaces 21:737–747CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Sterzynski T, Tomaszewska J, Piszczek K, Skorczewska K (2010) The influence of carbon nanotubes on the PVC glass transition temperature. Compos Sci Technol 70:966–969CrossRef Sterzynski T, Tomaszewska J, Piszczek K, Skorczewska K (2010) The influence of carbon nanotubes on the PVC glass transition temperature. Compos Sci Technol 70:966–969CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Yuan S, White D, Mason A, Liu D (2013) Porous organic polymers containing carborane for hydrogen storage. Int J Energy Res 37:732–740CrossRef Yuan S, White D, Mason A, Liu D (2013) Porous organic polymers containing carborane for hydrogen storage. Int J Energy Res 37:732–740CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang X, Yu M, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Wang X, Jiang J-X (2014) Remarkable gas adsorption by carbonized nitrogen-rich hypercrosslinked porous organic polymers. J Mater Chem A 2:15139–15145CrossRef Yang X, Yu M, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Wang X, Jiang J-X (2014) Remarkable gas adsorption by carbonized nitrogen-rich hypercrosslinked porous organic polymers. J Mater Chem A 2:15139–15145CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Khan MU, Darestani MT, Gomes VG (2015) Structure and electrochemical properties of polystyrene/CNT nanocomposites. J Solid State Electrochem 19:3145–3156CrossRef Khan MU, Darestani MT, Gomes VG (2015) Structure and electrochemical properties of polystyrene/CNT nanocomposites. J Solid State Electrochem 19:3145–3156CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Polymer brush synthesis on surface modified carbon nanotubes via in situ emulsion polymerization
verfasst von
Miftah U. Khan
Kakarla Raghava Reddy
Theedanai Snguanwongchai
Enamul Haque
Vincent G. Gomes
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Colloid and Polymer Science / Ausgabe 10/2016
Print ISSN: 0303-402X
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1536
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-016-3922-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 10/2016

Colloid and Polymer Science 10/2016 Zur Ausgabe

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.